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Cold‑pressed oil from Citrus aurantifolia inhibits the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells via regulation of PI3K/MAPK signaling pathways

  • Authors:
    • Byeong-Wook Song
    • Chang Youn Lee
    • Jun-Hee Park
    • Bomi Kim
    • Seahyoung Lee
    • Soyeon Lim
    • Sang Woo Kim
    • Jung-Won Choi
    • Misun Kang
    • Jung Hwa Kang
    • Sung-Suk Lee
    • Mi-Jin Park
    • Hanbyeol Moon
    • Ki-Chul Hwang
    • Il-Kwon Kim
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Institute for Bio‑Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Gangwon 25601, Republic of Korea, Pharmacology and Drug Abuse Research Group, Research Center of Convergence Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea, Medical Science Research Institute, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea, Institute for Bio‑Medical Convergence, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea, IMMUNISBIO Co., Ltd., International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea, Division of Wood Chemistry and Microbiology, Department of Forest Products, National Institute of Forest Science, Seoul 02455, Republic of Korea, Department of Integrated Omics for Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
    Copyright: © Song et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 21
    |
    Published online on: November 2, 2021
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10943
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Abstract

Vascular occlusive disease is a chronic disease with significant morbidity and mortality. Although a variety of therapies and medications have been developed, the likelihood of disease re‑emergence is high and this can be life‑threatening. Based on a previous screening experiment related to vascular obstructive diseases using 34 types of essential oils, cold‑pressed oil (CpO) from Citrus aurantifolia (lime) has been demonstrated to have the best effect for the inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) proliferation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of lime CpO on the pathological changes of VSMCs. To determine this, the effect of lime CpO on VSMC proliferation, a major cause of vascular disease, was investigated. To determine the safe concentration interval for toxicity of CpO during VSMC culture, a dilution of 1x10‑5 was determined using Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay, which was confirmed to be non‑toxic using a lactate dehydrogenase assay. To examine the effect of lime CpO in cellular signaling pathways, changes in phosphorylation of both the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and extracellular signal‑regulated MEK/ERK signaling pathways with serum were investigated. Furthermore, lime CpO with FBS also significantly decreased the expression levels of the cell cycle regulators cyclin D1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Additionally, lime CpO with FBS significantly inhibited the sprouting of VSMCs in an ex vivo culture system. These results suggested that lime CpO inhibited the abnormal proliferation of VSMCs and can be developed as a nature‑based therapeutic agent for obstructive vascular disease.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Song B, Lee CY, Park J, Kim B, Lee S, Lim S, Kim SW, Choi J, Kang M, Kang JH, Kang JH, et al: Cold‑pressed oil from <em>Citrus aurantifolia</em> inhibits the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells via regulation of PI3K/MAPK signaling pathways. Exp Ther Med 23: 21, 2022.
APA
Song, B., Lee, C.Y., Park, J., Kim, B., Lee, S., Lim, S. ... Kim, I. (2022). Cold‑pressed oil from <em>Citrus aurantifolia</em> inhibits the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells via regulation of PI3K/MAPK signaling pathways. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 23, 21. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10943
MLA
Song, B., Lee, C. Y., Park, J., Kim, B., Lee, S., Lim, S., Kim, S. W., Choi, J., Kang, M., Kang, J. H., Lee, S., Park, M., Moon, H., Hwang, K., Kim, I."Cold‑pressed oil from <em>Citrus aurantifolia</em> inhibits the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells via regulation of PI3K/MAPK signaling pathways". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 23.1 (2022): 21.
Chicago
Song, B., Lee, C. Y., Park, J., Kim, B., Lee, S., Lim, S., Kim, S. W., Choi, J., Kang, M., Kang, J. H., Lee, S., Park, M., Moon, H., Hwang, K., Kim, I."Cold‑pressed oil from <em>Citrus aurantifolia</em> inhibits the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells via regulation of PI3K/MAPK signaling pathways". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 23, no. 1 (2022): 21. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10943
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Song B, Lee CY, Park J, Kim B, Lee S, Lim S, Kim SW, Choi J, Kang M, Kang JH, Kang JH, et al: Cold‑pressed oil from <em>Citrus aurantifolia</em> inhibits the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells via regulation of PI3K/MAPK signaling pathways. Exp Ther Med 23: 21, 2022.
APA
Song, B., Lee, C.Y., Park, J., Kim, B., Lee, S., Lim, S. ... Kim, I. (2022). Cold‑pressed oil from <em>Citrus aurantifolia</em> inhibits the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells via regulation of PI3K/MAPK signaling pathways. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 23, 21. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10943
MLA
Song, B., Lee, C. Y., Park, J., Kim, B., Lee, S., Lim, S., Kim, S. W., Choi, J., Kang, M., Kang, J. H., Lee, S., Park, M., Moon, H., Hwang, K., Kim, I."Cold‑pressed oil from <em>Citrus aurantifolia</em> inhibits the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells via regulation of PI3K/MAPK signaling pathways". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 23.1 (2022): 21.
Chicago
Song, B., Lee, C. Y., Park, J., Kim, B., Lee, S., Lim, S., Kim, S. W., Choi, J., Kang, M., Kang, J. H., Lee, S., Park, M., Moon, H., Hwang, K., Kim, I."Cold‑pressed oil from <em>Citrus aurantifolia</em> inhibits the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells via regulation of PI3K/MAPK signaling pathways". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 23, no. 1 (2022): 21. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10943
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