Tyrosine kinase inhibitors in breast cancer (Review)

Iancu,George; Serban,Dragos; Badiu,Cristinel Dumitru; Tanasescu,Ciprian; Tudosie,Mihai Silviu; Tudor,Corneliu; Costea,Daniel Ovidiu; Zgura,Anca; Iancu,Raluca; Vasile,Danut

doi:10.3892/etm.2021.11037

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors in breast cancer (Review)

Authors:
- George Iancu
- Dragos Serban
- Cristinel Dumitru Badiu
- Ciprian Tanasescu
- Mihai Silviu Tudosie
- Corneliu Tudor
- Daniel Ovidiu Costea
- Anca Zgura
- Raluca Iancu
- Danut Vasile
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Affiliations: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania, Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania, Third Clinico‑Surgical Department, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Lucian Blaga’ University, 550169 Sibiu, Romania, Department of Orthopedia and Intensive care, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania, Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Ovidius’ University, 900470 Constanta, Romania, Department of Oncology Radiotherapy, Institute of Oncology ‘Prof. Dr. Trestioreanu’, 022328 Bucharest, Romania, Department of ENT‑Opthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
Published online on: December 3, 2021 https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.11037
Article Number: 114

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Abstract

Anti‑epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‑targeted therapy has been intensely researched in the last years, motivated by the favorable results obtained with monoclonal antibodies in HER2‑enriched breast cancer (BC) patients. Most researched alternatives of anti‑EGFR agents were tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and monoclonal antibodies. However, excluding monoclonal antibodies trastuzumab and pertuzumab, the remaining anti‑EGFR molecules have exhibited disappointing results, due to the lack of specificity and frequent adverse side effects. TKIs have several advantages, including reduced cardiotoxicity, oral administration and favorable penetration of blood‑brain barrier for brain metastatic BC. Lapatinib and neratinib and recently pyrotinib (approved only in China) are the only TKIs from dozens of molecules researched over the years that were approved to be used in clinical practice with limited indications, in a subset of BC patients, single or in combination with other chemotherapy or hormonal therapeutic agents. Improved identification of BC subtypes and improved characterization of aggressive forms (triple negative BC or inflammatory BC) should lead to advancements in shaping of targeted agents to improve the outcome of patients.

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