Cytomorphological study of thyroid carcinoma

Mohorea,Iuliana; Terzea,Dana; Mihalache,Daniela; Socea,Bogdan; Şerban,Dragoş; Ceausu,Mihai

doi:10.3892/etm.2021.11040

Cytomorphological study of thyroid carcinoma

Authors:
- Iuliana Mohorea
- Dana Terzea
- Daniela Mihalache
- Bogdan Socea
- Dragoş Şerban
- Mihai Ceausu
View Affiliations

Affiliations: Department of Pathology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania, Department of Pathology, ‘C.I. Parhon’ Clinical Hospital for Endocrine Diseases, 011863 Bucharest, Romania, Department of Pathology, Braila Emergency County Hospital, 810325 Braila, Romania, Department of Surgery, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
Published online on: December 6, 2021 https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.11040
Article Number: 117
Copyright: © Mohorea et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

Abstract

The most common neoplasm of the endocrine system is found in the thyroid gland with a significant increase in recent decades largely due to modern diagnostic methods. Thyroid tumors generally have a favorable evolution, but there are also aggressive variants with a poor prognosis. In these aggressive tumors, the most reliable method of detecting and making a differential diagnosis is represented by ultrasound‑guided fine‑needle cytopuncture, confirmed by histopathological examination. Although fine‑needle aspiration puncture and cytological examination are considered to have a high sensitivity and specificity, diagnostic certainty is established later only by histopathological examination. Fine‑needle aspiration cytopuncture of the thyroid gland correlated with histopathological examination has played a crucial role in recognizing and identifying variants of papillary carcinoma known to have aggressive biological behavior, especially in cases of poorly differentiated carcinoma. Recognition of aggressive variants of papillary carcinoma is of major importance in the prognosis and clinical management of patients. The aim of this study was to present the correlations found in a series of thyroid tumors from patients treated in surgery and oncology departments, as well as tumors accidentally detected during autopsies in the department of forensics. All the cases selected in the study benefited from a complex histopathological diagnosis adapted to each case in order to ensure maximum efficiency.

View Figures

View References

1	Ramirez-Gonzalez LR, Sevilla-Vizcaino R, Monge-Reyes P, Aldaz-Dorantes JE, Marquez-Valdez AR, Garcia-Martinez D, Gonzalez-Ojeda A and Fuentes-Orozco C: Findings of thyroid nodules in autopsies in Western Mexico. Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc. 55:594–598. 2017.PubMed/NCBI(In Spanish).
2	Vaideeswar P, Singaravel S and Gupte P: The thyroid in ischemic heart disease: An autopsy study. Indian Heart J. 70 (Suppl 3):S489–S491. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
3	Davies L, Morris LG, Haymart M, Chen AY, Goldenberg D, Morris J, Ogilvie JB, Terris DJ, Netterville J, Wong RJ, et al: American association of clinical endocrinologists and American college of endocrinology disease state clinical review: The increasing incidence of thyroid cancer. Endocr Pract. 21:686–696. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
4	Milas Z, Shin J and Milas M: New guidelines for the management of thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Minerva Endocrinol. 36:53–70. 2011.PubMed/NCBI
5	Mohorea IS, Socea B, Şerban D, Ceausu Z, Tulin A, Melinte V and Ceausu M: Incidence of thyroid carcinomas in an extended retrospective study of 526 autopsies. Exp Ther Med. 21(607)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
6	Kaliszewski K, Zubkiewicz-Kucharska A, Kiełb P, Maksymowicz J, Krawczyk A and Krawiec O: Comparison of the prevalence of incidental and non-incidental papillary thyroid microcarcinoma during 2008-2016: A single-center experience. World J Surg Oncol. 16(202)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
7	Slijepcevic N, Zivaljevic V, Marinkovic J, Sipetic S, Diklic A and Paunovic I: Retrospective evaluation of the incidental finding of 403 papillary thyroid microcarcinomas in 2466 patients undergoing thyroid surgery for presumed benign thyroid disease. BMC Cancer. 15(330)2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
8	Park SY, Jung YS, Ryu CH, Lee CY, Lee YJ, Lee EK, Kim SK, Kim TS, Kim TH, Jang J, et al: Identification of occult tumors by whole-specimen mapping in solitary papillary thyroid carcinoma. Endocr Relat Cancer. 22:679–686. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
9	Lee YS, Lim H, Chang HS and Park CS: Papillary thyroid microcarcinomas are different from latent papillary thyroid carcinomas at autopsy. J Korean Med Sci. 29:676–679. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
10	Janovsky CCPS, Bittencourt MS, Novais MAP, Maciel RMB, Biscolla RPM and Zucchi P: Thyroid cancer burden and economic impact on the Brazilian public health system. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 62:537–544. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
11	Miyauchi A, Ito Y and Oda H: Insights into the management of papillary microcarcinoma of the thyroid. Thyroid. 28:23–31. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
12	Huang LY, Lee YL, Chou P, Chiu WY and Chu D: Thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsy and thyroid cancer diagnosis: A nationwide population-based study. PLoS One. 10(e0127354)2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
13	Rossi ED, Faquin WC and Pantanowitz L: Cytologic features of aggressive variants of follicular-derived thyroid carcinoma. Cancer Cytopathol. 127:432–446. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
14	Gupta S, Sodhani P, Jain S and Kumar N: Morphologic spectrum of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid: Role of cytology in identifying the variants. Acta Cytol. 48:795–800. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
15	Miftari R, Topçiu V, Nura A and Haxhibeqiri V: Management of the patient with aggressive and resistant papillary thyroid carcinoma. Med Arch. 70:314–317. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
16	Alecu L, Slavu I, Tulin A, Braga V, Socea B and Nitipir C: A current view on recurrent laryngeal nerve injury in total thyroidectomy. Mod Med. 28:7–12. 2021.
17	Lloyd RV, Osamura RY, Klöppel G and Rosai J (eds): WHO Classification of Tumours of Endocrine Organs. Vol 10. 4th edition. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, 2017.
18	Leung AK, Chow SM and Law SC: Clinical features and outcome of the tall cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Laryngoscope. 118:32–38. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
19	Guan H, Vandenbussche CJ, Erozan YS, Rosenthal DL, Tatsas AD, Olson MT, Zheng R, Auger M and Ali SZ: Can the tall cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma be distinguished from the conventional type in fine needle aspirates? A cytomorphologic study with assessment of diagnostic accuracy. Acta Cytol. 57:534–542. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
20	Das DK, Mallik MK, Sharma P, Sheikh ZA, Mathew PA, Sheikh M, Mirza K, Madda JP, Francis IM and Junaid TA: Papillary thyroid carcinoma and its variants in fine needle aspiration smears. A cytomorphologic study with special reference to tall cell variant. Acta Cytol. 48:325–336. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
21	Sheu SY, Schwertheim S, Worm K, Grabellus F and Schmid KW: Diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: Lack of BRAF mutation but occurrence of RET/PTC rearrangements. Mod Pathol. 20:779–787. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
22	Lee SH, Jung CK, Bae JS, Jung SL, Choi YJ and Kang CS: Liquid-based cytology improves preoperative diagnostic accuracy of the tall cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Diagn Cytopathol. 42:11–17. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
23	Gupta S, Ajise O, Dultz L, Wang B, Nonaka D, Ogilvie J, Heller KS and Patel KN: Follicular variant of papillary thyroid cancer: Encapsulated, nonencapsulated, and diffuse: Distinct biologic and clinical entities. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 138:227–233. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
24	Humphrey PA, Dehner LP, Pfeifer JD, Agarwal A and Al-Kateb H: The Washington Manual of Surgical Pathology. 2nd edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, pp.410-416, 2012.
25	Bongiovanni M, Sadow PM and Faquin WC: Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma: A cytologic-histologic review. Adv Anat Pathol. 16:283–289. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
26	Kane SV and Sharma TP: Cytologic diagnostic approach to poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma: A single-institution study. Cancer Cytopathol. 123:82–91. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
27	Lam AK: Squamous cell carcinoma of thyroid: A unique type of cancer in World Health Organization classification. Endocr Relat Cancer. 27:R177–R192. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
28	Hedinger C, Williams ED and Sobin LH (eds): Other carcinomas. In: Histological Typing of Thyroid Tumours (World Health Organ. International Histological Classification of Tumours), 2nd edition, pp. 14-15. Springer, Germany, 1988.
29	Lam AK: Pathology of endocrine tumors update: World health organization new classification 2017 - other thyroid tumors. AJSP: Rev Rep. 22:209–216. 2017.