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Review

Clinical spectrum of symptoms in cerebral Toxocariasis (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Any Docu Axelerad
    • Alina Zorina Stroe
    • Anca Elena Gogu
    • Agneta Pusztai
    • Dragos Catalin Jianu
    • Duta Daniel
    • Daniel Docu Axelerad
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, ‘Ovidius’ University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania, Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of General Medicine, ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania, Department of Sports, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, ‘Ovidius’ University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania
  • Article Number: 521
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    Published online on: March 22, 2021
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.9953
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Abstract

Human helminth zoonosis is one of the most encountered helminthiases worldwide. Representative diseases include Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati, which are common nematodes prevalent in dogs and cats. The infiltration of these roundworms in the human body through contaminated food or nematode eggs could lead to central nervous system injury as the roundworms can cross the blood‑brain barrier leading to neurotoxocariasis. Among the neurological and neuropsychological disturbances produced by Toxocara infection, in humans, the most representative are meningitis, encephalitis, myelitis and cerebral vasculitis, but asymptomatic central nervous system infection is probably the most prevalent. The present review examines the clinical symptomatology of neurotoxocariasis in case reports in the literature in the last 7 decades (1950‑2020). The available evidence was retrieved from PubMed and Medline electronic databases. The present review reports the most prevalent clinical symptomatology in the cases of detected and diagnosed Toxocara infection with neuroinvasion. Thus, the present review aims to raise the awareness of neurological cases of Toxocara infection with the potential to at least establish differential diagnosis of neurotoxocariasis.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Axelerad AD, Stroe AZ, Gogu AE, Pusztai A, Jianu DC, Daniel D and Axelerad DD: Clinical spectrum of symptoms in cerebral Toxocariasis (Review). Exp Ther Med 21: 521, 2021.
APA
Axelerad, A.D., Stroe, A.Z., Gogu, A.E., Pusztai, A., Jianu, D.C., Daniel, D., & Axelerad, D.D. (2021). Clinical spectrum of symptoms in cerebral Toxocariasis (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 21, 521. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.9953
MLA
Axelerad, A. D., Stroe, A. Z., Gogu, A. E., Pusztai, A., Jianu, D. C., Daniel, D., Axelerad, D. D."Clinical spectrum of symptoms in cerebral Toxocariasis (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 21.5 (2021): 521.
Chicago
Axelerad, A. D., Stroe, A. Z., Gogu, A. E., Pusztai, A., Jianu, D. C., Daniel, D., Axelerad, D. D."Clinical spectrum of symptoms in cerebral Toxocariasis (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 21, no. 5 (2021): 521. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.9953
Copy and paste a formatted citation
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Spandidos Publications style
Axelerad AD, Stroe AZ, Gogu AE, Pusztai A, Jianu DC, Daniel D and Axelerad DD: Clinical spectrum of symptoms in cerebral Toxocariasis (Review). Exp Ther Med 21: 521, 2021.
APA
Axelerad, A.D., Stroe, A.Z., Gogu, A.E., Pusztai, A., Jianu, D.C., Daniel, D., & Axelerad, D.D. (2021). Clinical spectrum of symptoms in cerebral Toxocariasis (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 21, 521. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.9953
MLA
Axelerad, A. D., Stroe, A. Z., Gogu, A. E., Pusztai, A., Jianu, D. C., Daniel, D., Axelerad, D. D."Clinical spectrum of symptoms in cerebral Toxocariasis (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 21.5 (2021): 521.
Chicago
Axelerad, A. D., Stroe, A. Z., Gogu, A. E., Pusztai, A., Jianu, D. C., Daniel, D., Axelerad, D. D."Clinical spectrum of symptoms in cerebral Toxocariasis (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 21, no. 5 (2021): 521. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.9953
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