Impact of adipose tissue in chronic kidney disease development (Review)

Miricescu,Daniela; Balan,Daniela Gabriela; Tulin,Adrian; Stiru,Ovidiu; Vacaroiu,Ileana Adela; Mihai,Doina Andrada; Popa,Cristian Constantin; Enyedi,Mihaly; Nedelea,Andrei Sorin; Nica,Adriana Elena; Stefani,Constantin

doi:10.3892/etm.2021.9969

Impact of adipose tissue in chronic kidney disease development (Review)

Authors:
- Daniela Miricescu
- Daniela Gabriela Balan
- Adrian Tulin
- Ovidiu Stiru
- Ileana Adela Vacaroiu
- Doina Andrada Mihai
- Cristian Constantin Popa
- Mihaly Enyedi
- Andrei Sorin Nedelea
- Adriana Elena Nica
- Constantin Stefani
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Affiliations: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania, Discipline of Physiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania, Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, ‘Sf. Ioan’ Emergency Clinical Hospital, 042122 Bucharest, Romania, Discipline of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania, Department of Urology, ‘Prof. Dr. Agrippa Ionescu’ Clinical Emergency Hospital, 011356 Bucharest, Romania, Department of Orthopedics, Anesthesia Intensive Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania, Department of Family Medicine and Clinical Base, Dr. Carol Davila Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
Published online on: March 23, 2021 https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.9969
Article Number: 539
Copyright: © Miricescu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Obesity is a worldwide pandemic health issue. Obesity is associated with the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and kidney diseases. This systemic disease can affect the kidneys by two mechanisms: Indirectly through diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension and directly through adipokines secreted by adipose tissue. Obesity is a risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD), which is associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality among the adult population. Increased visceral adipose tissue leads to renal glomerular hyperfiltration and hyperperfusion, which may lead to glomerular hypertrophy, proteinuria, and CKD development. Adipokines are hormones produced by fat tissue. They are involved in energy homeostasis, sugar and fat metabolism, reproduction, immunity, and thermogenesis control. Hormones and cytokines secreted by adipose tissue contribute to the development and progression of CKD. Decreased serum or urinary adiponectin levels are specific in diabetic and non‑diabetic CKD patients, while leptin presents increased levels, and both are associated with the development of glomerulopathy. Excessive adipose tissue is associated with inflammation, oxidative stress (OS), insulin resistance and activation of the renin angiotensin‑aldosterone system (RAAS). Therefore, adipose tissue dysfunction plays an important role in the development of CKD.

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