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Article

Small molecules efficiently reprogram apical papilla stem cells into neuron‑like cells

  • Authors:
    • Qixin Chen
    • Changyong Yuan
    • Shan Jiang
    • Boon Chin Heng
    • Ting Zou
    • Zhongshan Shen
    • Penglai Wang
    • Chengfei Zhang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Restorative Dental Sciences, Endodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, SAR, P.R. China, Department of Implant Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China, School of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing 100081, P.R. China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
  • Article Number: 546
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    Published online on: March 24, 2021
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.9978
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Abstract

Stem cell‑based therapy may provide a novel approach for neural tissue regeneration. A small molecule cocktail‑based culture protocol was previously shown to enhance neurogenic differentiation of stem cells from dental tissues. The present study aimed to investigate the early phase of small molecule‑induced neurogenic differentiation of stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP). SCAP were cultured in neural‑induction medium or neural‑induction medium with small molecules (NIMS‑SCAP) and examined for their cell morphologies. Expression levels of neural progenitor cell‑related markers, including Nestin, paired‑box gene 6 (Pax6) and Sry‑related HMG box 2 (Sox2), were examined using western blotting and immunocytofluorescence. Expression of differentiated neuron‑related markers, including neurofilament protein (NFM), neuron‑specific nuclear protein (NeuN) and microtubule‑associated protein (MAP)‑2, were also examined using western blotting, while NFM and MAP2 gene expression and cell proliferation were assessed using reverse transcription‑quantitative (RT‑q)PCR and Cell Counting Kit (CCK)‑8 assays, respectively. SCAP morphology was affected by small molecules after as little as 30 min. Specifically, Nestin, Pax6 and Sox2 expression detected using western blotting was increased by day 3 but then decreased over the course of 7 days with neural induction, while immunocytofluorescence revealed expression of all three markers in NIMS‑SCAP. The protein levels of NFM, NeuN and MAP2 on day 7 were significantly upregulated in NIMS‑SCAP, as detected using western blotting, while NFM and MAP2 gene expression levels detected using RT‑qPCR were significantly increased on days 5 and 7. Proliferation of NIMS‑SCAP ceased after 5 days. Electrophysiological analysis showed that only SCAP cultured in NIMS had the functional activity of neuronal cells. Thus, small molecules reprogrammed SCAP into neural progenitor cells within the first 3 days, followed by further differentiation into neuron‑like cells.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Chen Q, Yuan C, Jiang S, Heng B, Zou T, Shen Z, Wang P and Zhang C: Small molecules efficiently reprogram apical papilla stem cells into neuron‑like cells. Exp Ther Med 21: 546, 2021.
APA
Chen, Q., Yuan, C., Jiang, S., Heng, B., Zou, T., Shen, Z. ... Zhang, C. (2021). Small molecules efficiently reprogram apical papilla stem cells into neuron‑like cells. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 21, 546. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.9978
MLA
Chen, Q., Yuan, C., Jiang, S., Heng, B., Zou, T., Shen, Z., Wang, P., Zhang, C."Small molecules efficiently reprogram apical papilla stem cells into neuron‑like cells". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 21.6 (2021): 546.
Chicago
Chen, Q., Yuan, C., Jiang, S., Heng, B., Zou, T., Shen, Z., Wang, P., Zhang, C."Small molecules efficiently reprogram apical papilla stem cells into neuron‑like cells". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 21, no. 6 (2021): 546. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.9978
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Chen Q, Yuan C, Jiang S, Heng B, Zou T, Shen Z, Wang P and Zhang C: Small molecules efficiently reprogram apical papilla stem cells into neuron‑like cells. Exp Ther Med 21: 546, 2021.
APA
Chen, Q., Yuan, C., Jiang, S., Heng, B., Zou, T., Shen, Z. ... Zhang, C. (2021). Small molecules efficiently reprogram apical papilla stem cells into neuron‑like cells. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 21, 546. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.9978
MLA
Chen, Q., Yuan, C., Jiang, S., Heng, B., Zou, T., Shen, Z., Wang, P., Zhang, C."Small molecules efficiently reprogram apical papilla stem cells into neuron‑like cells". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 21.6 (2021): 546.
Chicago
Chen, Q., Yuan, C., Jiang, S., Heng, B., Zou, T., Shen, Z., Wang, P., Zhang, C."Small molecules efficiently reprogram apical papilla stem cells into neuron‑like cells". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 21, no. 6 (2021): 546. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.9978
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