Open Access

Vaccine development for zoonotic viral diseases caused by positive‑sense single‑stranded RNA viruses belonging to the Coronaviridae and Togaviridae families (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Seyed Sajjad Babaeimarzangou
    • Himasadat Zaker
    • Ehsan Soleimannezhadbari
    • Naeimeh Shamsi Gamchi
    • Masoud Kazeminia
    • Shima Tarighi
    • Homayon Seyedian
    • Aristidis Tsatsakis
    • Demetrios A. Spandidos
    • Denisa Margina
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: November 30, 2022     https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2022.11741
  • Article Number: 42
  • Copyright: © Babaeimarzangou et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Outbreaks of zoonotic viral diseases pose a severe threat to public health and economies worldwide, with this currently being more prominent than it previously was human history. These emergency zoonotic diseases that originated and transmitted from vertebrates to humans have been estimated to account for approximately one billion cases of illness and have caused millions of deaths worldwide annually. The recent emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‑2 (coronavirus disease 2019) is an excellent example of the unpredictable public health threat causing a pandemic. The present review summarizes the literature data regarding the main vaccine developments in human clinical phase I, II and III trials against the zoonotic positive‑sense single‑stranded RNA viruses belonging to the Coronavirus and Alphavirus genera, including severe acute respiratory syndrome, Middle east respiratory syndrome, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, Semliki Forest virus, Ross River virus, Chikungunya virus and O'nyong‑nyong virus. That there are neither vaccines nor effective antiviral drugs available against most of these viruses is undeniable. Therefore, new explosive outbreaks of these zoonotic viruses may surely be expected. The present comprehensive review provides an update on the status of vaccine development in different clinical trials against these viruses, as well as an overview of the present results of these trials.
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January-2023
Volume 25 Issue 1

Print ISSN: 1792-0981
Online ISSN:1792-1015

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Spandidos Publications style
Babaeimarzangou SS, Zaker H, Soleimannezhadbari E, Gamchi NS, Kazeminia M, Tarighi S, Seyedian H, Tsatsakis A, Spandidos DA, Margina D, Margina D, et al: Vaccine development for zoonotic viral diseases caused by positive‑sense single‑stranded RNA viruses belonging to the <em>Coronaviridae</em> and <em>Togaviridae</em> families (Review). Exp Ther Med 25: 42, 2023
APA
Babaeimarzangou, S.S., Zaker, H., Soleimannezhadbari, E., Gamchi, N.S., Kazeminia, M., Tarighi, S. ... Margina, D. (2023). Vaccine development for zoonotic viral diseases caused by positive‑sense single‑stranded RNA viruses belonging to the <em>Coronaviridae</em> and <em>Togaviridae</em> families (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 25, 42. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2022.11741
MLA
Babaeimarzangou, S. S., Zaker, H., Soleimannezhadbari, E., Gamchi, N. S., Kazeminia, M., Tarighi, S., Seyedian, H., Tsatsakis, A., Spandidos, D. A., Margina, D."Vaccine development for zoonotic viral diseases caused by positive‑sense single‑stranded RNA viruses belonging to the <em>Coronaviridae</em> and <em>Togaviridae</em> families (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 25.1 (2023): 42.
Chicago
Babaeimarzangou, S. S., Zaker, H., Soleimannezhadbari, E., Gamchi, N. S., Kazeminia, M., Tarighi, S., Seyedian, H., Tsatsakis, A., Spandidos, D. A., Margina, D."Vaccine development for zoonotic viral diseases caused by positive‑sense single‑stranded RNA viruses belonging to the <em>Coronaviridae</em> and <em>Togaviridae</em> families (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 25, no. 1 (2023): 42. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2022.11741