Recent development of oral vaccines (Review)
- Authors:
- Ying Liu
- Dominic Man-Kit Lam
- Mei Luan
- Wenfu Zheng
- Hao Ai
-
Affiliations: Key Laboratory of Follicular Development and Reproductive Health in Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China, DrD Novel Vaccines Limited, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Lab for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China, Key Laboratory of Follicular Development and Reproductive Health in Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China - Published online on: March 22, 2024 https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2024.12511
- Article Number: 223
-
Copyright: © Liu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
This article is mentioned in:
Abstract
 |
 |
|
Plotkin S: History of vaccination. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 111:12283–12287. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Vela Ramirez JE, Sharpe LA and Peppas NA: Current state and challenges in developing oral vaccines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 114:116–131. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Pasetti MF, Simon JK, Sztein MB and Levine MM: Immunology of gut mucosal vaccines. Immunol Rev. 239:125–148. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Brisse M, Vrba SM, Kirk N, Liang Y and Ly H: Emerging concepts and technologies in vaccine development. Front Immunol. 11(583077)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Coffey JW, Gaiha GD and Traverso G: Oral biologic delivery: advances toward oral subunit, DNA, and mRNA vaccines and the potential for mass vaccination during pandemics. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 61:517–540. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Wang EY, Sarmadi M, Ying B, Jaklenec A and Langer R: Recent advances in nano- and micro-scale carrier systems for controlled delivery of vaccines. Biomaterials. 303(122345)2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Serradell MC, Rupil LL, Martino RA, Prucca CG, Carranza PG, Saura A, Fernández EA, Gargantini PR, Tenaglia AH, Petiti JP, et al: Efficient oral vaccination by bioengineering virus-like particles with protozoan surface proteins. Nat Commun. 10(361)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Mann ER and Li X: Intestinal antigen-presenting cells in mucosal immune homeostasis: Crosstalk between dendritic cells, macrophages and B-cells. World J Gastroenterol. 20:9653–9664. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Seo H, Duan Q and Zhang W: Vaccines against gastroenteritis, current progress and challenges. Gut Microbes. 11:1486–1517. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Zimmermann P and Curtis N: Factors that influence the immune response to vaccination. Clin Microbiol Rev. 32(e00084)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Díaz-Dinamarca DA, Salazar ML, Castillo BN, Manubens A, Vasquez AE, Salazar F and Becker MI: Protein-Based adjuvants for vaccines as immunomodulators of the innate and adaptive immune response: Current knowledge, challenges, and future opportunities. Pharmaceutics. 14(1671)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Zhao T, Cai Y, Jiang Y, He X, Wei Y, Yu Y and Tian X: Vaccine adjuvants: Mechanisms and platforms. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 8(283)2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Ryan EJ, Daly LM and Mills KH: Immunomodulators and delivery systems for vaccination by mucosal routes. Trends Biotechnol. 19:293–304. 2001.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Mayer L and Shao L: Therapeutic potential of oral tolerance. Nat Rev Immunol. 4:407–419. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Pishesha N, Harmand TJ and Ploegh HL: A guide to antigen processing and presentation. Nat Rev Immunol. 22:751–764. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Zhu J: T helper 2 (Th2) cell differentiation, type 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) development and regulation of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 production. Cytokine. 75:14–24. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Mukherjee A, Bisht B, Dutta S and Paul MK: Current advances in the use of exosomes, liposomes, and bioengineered hybrid nanovesicles in cancer detection and therapy. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 43:2759–2776. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Li Y, Jin L and Chen T: The effects of secretory IgA in the mucosal immune system. Biomed Res Int. 2020(2032057)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Hilligan KL and Ronchese F: Antigen presentation by dendritic cells and their instruction of CD4+ T helper cell responses. Cell Mol Immunol. 17:587–599. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Chen K and Cerutti A: Vaccination strategies to promote mucosal antibody responses. Immunity. 33:479–491. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Liew FY: TH1 and TH2 cells: A historical perspective. Nat Rev Immunol. 2:55–60. 2002.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Spender LC, O'Brien DI, Simpson D, Dutt D, Gregory CD, Allday MJ, Clark LJ and Inman GJ: TGF-beta induces apoptosis in human B cells by transcriptional regulation of BIK and BCL-XL. Cell Death Differ. 16:593–602. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Zhang X, Izikson L, Liu L and Weiner HL: Activation of CD25(+)CD4(+) regulatory T cells by oral antigen administration. J Immunol. 167:4245–4253. 2001.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Pelaez-Prestel HF, Sanchez-Trincado JL, Lafuente EM and Reche PA: Immune tolerance in the oral mucosa. Int J Mol Sci. 22(12149)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Painter MM, Mathew D, Goel RR, Apostolidis SA, Pattekar A, Kuthuru O, Baxter AE, Herati RS, Oldridge DA, Gouma S, et al: Rapid induction of antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells is associated with coordinated humoral and cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination. Immunity. 54:2133–2142.e3. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Weiner HL: Oral tolerance: Immune mechanisms and the generation of Th3-type TGF-beta-secreting regulatory cells. Microbes Infect. 3:947–954. 2001.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Huai G, Markmann JF, Deng S and Rickert CG: TGF-β-secreting regulatory B cells: Unsung players in immune regulation. Clin Transl Immunology. 10(e1270)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Wang M, Zhai X, Li J, Guan J, Xu S, Li Y and Zhu H: The role of cytokines in predicting the response and adverse events related to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Front Immunol. 12(670391)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Noh J, Noh G, Lee SJ, Lee JH, Kim A, Kim HS and Choi WS: Tolerogenic effects of interferon-gamma with induction of allergen-specific interleukin-10-producing regulatory B cell (Br1) changes in non-IgE-mediated food allergy. Cell Immunol. 273:140–149. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
MacDonald TT and Monteleone G: IL-12 and Th1 immune responses in human Peyer's patches. Trends Immunol. 22:244–247. 2001.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Yoo JY, Groer M, Dutra SVO, Sarkar A and McSkimming DI: Gut microbiota and immune system interactions. Microorganisms. 8(1587)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Ngo MC, Ando J, Leen AM, Ennamuri S, Lapteva N, Vera JF, Min-Venditti A, Mims MP, Heslop HE, Bollard CM, et al: Complementation of antigen-presenting cells to generate T lymphocytes with broad target specificity. J Immunother. 37:193–203. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Chen L and Flies DB: Molecular mechanisms of T cell co-stimulation and co-inhibition. Nat Rev Immunol. 13:227–242. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Saraiva M and O'Garra A: The regulation of IL-10 production by immune cells. Nat Rev Immunol. 10:170–181. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Kenison JE, Stevens NA and Quintana FJ: Therapeutic induction of antigen-specific immune tolerance. Nat Rev Immunol: Dec 12, 2023 (Epub ahead of print). | |
|
Park JH and Lee HK: Function of γδ T cells in tumor immunology and their application to cancer therapy. Exp Mol Med. 53:318–327. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Odenwald MA and Turner JR: The intestinal epithelial barrier: A therapeutic target? Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 14:9–21. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Maeda Y, Noda S, Tanaka K, Sawamura S, Aiba Y, Ishikawa H, Hasegawa H, Kawabe N, Miyasaka M and Koga Y: The failure of oral tolerance induction is functionally coupled to the absence of T cells in Peyer's patches under germfree conditions. Immunobiology. 204:442–457. 2001.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Deng S, Liang H, Chen P, Li Y, Li Z, Fan S, Wu K, Li X, Chen W, Qin Y, et al: Viral vector vaccine development and application during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Microorganisms. 10(1450)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Jeyanathan M, Afkhami S, Smaill F, Miller MS, Lichty BD and Xing Z: Immunological considerations for COVID-19 vaccine strategies. Nat Rev Immunol. 20:615–632. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Alexandersen S, Chamings A and Bhatta TR: SARS-CoV-2 genomic and subgenomic RNAs in diagnostic samples are not an indicator of active replication. Nat Commun. 11(6059)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Sewell HF, Agius RM, Kendrick D and Stewart M: Covid-19 vaccines: Delivering protective immunity. BMJ. 371(m4838)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Wu SC: Progress and Concept for COVID-19 vaccine development. Biotechnol J. 15(e2000147)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Kudlay D and Svistunov A: COVID-19 vaccines: An overview of different platforms. Bioengineering (Basel). 9(72)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Al-Jighefee HT, Najjar H, Ahmed MN, Qush A, Awwad S and Kamareddine L: COVID-19 vaccine platforms: Challenges and safety contemplations. Vaccines (Basel). 9(1196)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Su S, Du L and Jiang S: Learning from the past: Development of safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines. Nat Rev Microbiol. 19:211–219. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Zhou F, Zhou J, Ma L, Song S, Zhang X, Li W, Jiang S, Wang Y and Liao G: High-yield production of a stable Vero cell-based vaccine candidate against the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 421:850–854. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Kamboj M and Sepkowitz KA: Risk of transmission associated with live attenuated vaccines given to healthy persons caring for or residing with an immunocompromised patient. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 28:702–707. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Smahel M, Síma P, Ludvíková V and Vonka V: Modified HPV16 E7 Genes as DNA Vaccine against E7-Containing oncogenic cells. Virology. 281:231–238. 2001.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Williams JA: Vector design for improved DNA vaccine efficacy, safety and production. Vaccines (Basel). 1:225–249. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Pardi N, Hogan MJ, Porter FW and Weissman D: mRNA vaccines-a new era in vaccinology. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 17:261–279. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Hodgson SH, Mansatta K, Mallett G, Harris V, Emary KRW and Pollard AJ: What defines an efficacious COVID-19 vaccine? A review of the challenges assessing the clinical efficacy of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Lancet Infect Dis. 21:e26–e35. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
He Q, Mao Q, Zhang J, Bian L, Gao F, Wang J, Xu M and Liang Z: COVID-19 Vaccines: Current understanding on immunogenicity, safety, and further considerations. Front Immunol. 12(669339)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Hwang JK, Zhang T, Wang AZ and Li Z: COVID-19 vaccines for patients with cancer: Benefits likely outweigh risks. J Hematol Oncol. 14(38)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Bernal JL, Andrews N, Gower C, Stowe J, Robertson C, Tessier E, Simmons R, Cottrel S, Robertson R, O'Doherty M, et al: Early effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination with BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine and ChAdOx1 adenovirus vector vaccine on symptomatic disease, hospitalisations and mortality in older adults in England. medRxiv: 2021.2003.2001.21252652, 2021. | |
|
Patterson EI, Prince T, Anderson ER, Casas-Sanchez A, Smith SL, Cansado-Utrilla C, Solomon T, Griffiths MJ, Acosta-Serrano Á, Turtle L and Hughes GL: Methods of inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 for downstream biological assays. J Infect Dis. 222:1462–1467. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Burrell CJ: Pathogenesis of Virus Infections. Fenner and White's Medical Virology. 2017:77-104, 2017. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-375156-0.00007-2. (Epub 2016 Nov 11). | |
|
Pavel STI, Yetiskin H, Uygut MA, Aslan AF, Aydın G, İnan Ö, Kaplan B and Ozdarendeli A: Development of an inactivated vaccine against SARS CoV-2. Vaccines (Basel). 9(1266)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Kouhpayeh H and Ansari H: Adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Immunopharmacol. 109(108906)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Wright PF, Gruber WC, Peters M, Reed G, Zhu Y, Robinson F, Coleman-Dockery S and Graham BS: Illness severity, viral shedding, and antibody responses in infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus. J Infect Dis. 185:1011–1018. 2002.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Minor PD: Live attenuated vaccines: Historical successes and current challenges. Virology. 479-480:379–392. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Bournazos S and Ravetch JV: Attenuated vaccines for augmented immunity. Cell Host Microbe. 21:314–315. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Lauring AS, Jones JO and Andino R: Rationalizing the development of live attenuated virus vaccines. Nat Biotechnol. 28:573–579. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
De Berardinis P and Haigwood NL: New recombinant vaccines based on the use of prokaryotic antigen-display systems. Expert Rev Vaccines. 3:673–679. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Pollet J, Chen WH and Strych U: Recombinant protein vaccines, a proven approach against coronavirus pandemics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 170:71–82. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Clark JR, Bartley K, Jepson CD, Craik V and March JB: Comparison of a bacteriophage-delivered DNA vaccine and a commercially available recombinant protein vaccine against hepatitis B. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 61:197–204. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Mosaddeghi P, Shahabinezhad F, Dorvash M, Goodarzi M and Negahdaripour M: Harnessing the non-specific immunogenic effects of available vaccines to combat COVID-19. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 17:1650–1661. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Schlake T, Thess A, Fotin-Mleczek M and Kallen KJ: Developing mRNA-vaccine technologies. RNA Biol. 9:1319–1330. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Nanomedicine and the COVID-19 vaccines. Nat Nanotechnol. 15(963)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Travieso T, Li J, Mahesh S, Mello JDFRE and Blasi M: The use of viral vectors in vaccine development. NPJ Vaccines. 7(75)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Becker PD, Noerder M and Guzmán CA: Genetic immunization: Bacteria as DNA vaccine delivery vehicles. Hum Vaccin. 4:189–202. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Trougakos IP, Terpos E, Alexopoulos H, Politou M, Paraskevis D, Scorilas A, Kastritis E, Andreakos E and Dimopoulos MA: Adverse effects of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines: The spike hypothesis. Trends Mol Med. 28:542–554. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Uddin MN and Roni MA: Challenges of storage and stability of mRNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel). 9(1033)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Mason HS, Lam DM and Arntzen CJ: Expression of hepatitis B surface antigen in transgenic plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 89:11745–11749. 1992.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Lou XM, Yao QH, Zhang Z, Peng RH, Xiong AS and Wang HK: Expression of the human hepatitis B virus large surface antigen gene in transgenic tomato plants. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 14:464–469. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Lei H, Xu Y, Chen J, Wei X and Lam DM-K: Immunoprotection against influenza H5N1 virus by oral administration of enteric-coated recombinant Lactococcus lactis mini-capsules. Virology. 407:319–324. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Monreal-Escalante E, Ramos-Vega A, Angulo C and Bañuelos-Hernández B: Plant-Based vaccines: Antigen design, diversity, and strategies for high level production. Vaccines (Basel). 10(100)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Kurup VM and Thomas J: Edible vaccines: Promises and challenges. Mol Biotechnol. 62:79–90. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Lam J, Lam FW, Lam YO and Lam DM: Oral immunization and edible vaccines: a viable option or mirage? Biotechnology in Hong Kong. II:201–213. 2015. | |
|
De Smet R, Allais L and Cuvelier CA: Recent advances in oral vaccine development: Yeast-derived β-glucan particles. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 10:1309–1318. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Sung JC, Liu Y, Wu KC, Choi MC, Ma CH, Lin J, He EIC, Leung DY, Sze ET, Hamied YK, et al: Expression of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain on recombinant B. subtilis on spore surface: A potential COVID-19 oral vaccine candidate. Vaccines (Basel). 10(2)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Kunisawa J, Kurashima Y and Kiyono H: Gut-associated lymphoid tissues for the development of oral vaccines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 64:523–530. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Mörbe UM, Jørgensen PB, Fenton TM, von Burg N, Riis LB, Spencer J and Agace WW: Human gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT); diversity, structure, and function. Mucosal Immunol. 14:793–802. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Van der Weken H, Cox E and Devriendt B: Advances in oral subunit vaccine design. Vaccines (Basel). 9(1)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Kim Y, Kang J, Lee SG and Kim GT: COVID-19 vaccination-related small vessel vasculitis with multiorgan involvement. Z Rheumatol. 81:509–512. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Huang M, Zhang M, Zhu H, Du X and Wang J: Mucosal vaccine delivery: A focus on the breakthrough of specific barriers. Acta Pharm Sin B. 12:3456–3474. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Wen H, Jung H and Li X: Drug delivery approaches in addressing clinical pharmacology-related issues: Opportunities and challenges. AAPS J. 17:1327–1340. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Bachmann MF and Jennings GT: Vaccine delivery: A matter of size, geometry, kinetics and molecular patterns. Nat Rev Immunol. 10:787–796. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Nascimento IP and Leite LC: Recombinant vaccines and the development of new vaccine strategies. Braz J Med Biol Res. 45:1102–1111. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
de Oliveira NR, Santos FDS, Dos Santos VAC, Maia MAC, Oliveira TL and Dellagostin OA: Challenges and strategies for developing recombinant vaccines against leptospirosis: Role of expression platforms and adjuvants in achieving protective efficacy. Pathogens. 12(787)2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Gong X, Gao Y, Shu J, Zhang C and Zhao K: Chitosan-Based nanomaterial as immune adjuvant and delivery carrier for vaccines. Vaccines (Basel). 10(1906)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Zhao H, Zhou X and Zhou YH: Hepatitis B vaccine development and implementation. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 16:1533–1544. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Möller J, Kraner ME and Burkovski A: More than a Toxin: Protein inventory of clostridium tetani toxoid vaccines. Proteomes. 7(15)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Abulmagd S, Khattab AEA and Zedan H: Expression of full and fragment-B of diphtheria toxin genes in Escherichia coli for generating of recombinant diphtheria vaccines. Clin Exp Vaccine Res. 11:12–29. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Chokephaibulkit K, Puthanakit T, Bhat N, Mansouri S, Tang Y, Lapphra K, Rungmaitree S, Anugulruengkitt S, Jantarabenjakul W, Andi-Lolo I, et al: A phase 2 randomized controlled dose-ranging trial of recombinant pertussis booster vaccines containing genetically inactivated pertussis toxin in women of childbearing age. Vaccine. 40:2352–2361. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Pulendran B, S Arunachalam P and O'Hagan DT: Emerging concepts in the science of vaccine adjuvants. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 20:454–475. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Head JR, Vos A, Blanton J, Müller T, Chipman R, Pieracci EG, Cleaton J and Wallace R: Environmental distribution of certain modified live-virus vaccines with a high safety profile presents a low-risk, high-reward to control zoonotic diseases. Sci Rep. 9(6783)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Radhakrishnan A, Vaseeharan B, Ramasamy P and Jeyachandran S: Oral vaccination for sustainable disease prevention in aquaculture-an encapsulation approach. Aquac Int. 31:867–891. 2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Karem KL, Bowen J, Kuklin N and Rouse BT: Protective immunity against herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 following oral administration of recombinant Salmonella typhimurium vaccine strains expressing HSV antigens. J Gen Virol. 78:427–434. 1997.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Mouro V and Fischer A: Dealing with a mucosal viral pandemic: Lessons from COVID-19 vaccines. Mucosal Immunol. 15:584–594. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Freytag LC and Clements JD: Mucosal adjuvants. Vaccine. 23:1804–1813. 2005.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Verma SK, Mahajan P, Singh NK, Gupta A, Aggarwal R, Rappuoli R and Johri AK: New-age vaccine adjuvants, their development, and future perspective. Front Immunol. 14(1043109)2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Clements JD and Norton EB: The Mucosal Vaccine Adjuvant LT(R192G/L211A) or dmLT. mSphere. 3:e00215–18. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Kawamura YI, Kawashima R, Shirai Y, Kato R, Hamabata T, Yamamoto M, Furukawa K, Fujihashi K, McGhee JR, Hayashi H and Dohi T: Cholera toxin activates dendritic cells through dependence on GM1-ganglioside which is mediated by NF-kappaB translocation. Eur J Immunol. 33:3205–3212. 2003.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Heim JB, Hodnik V, Heggelund JE, Anderluh G and Krengel U: Crystal structures of cholera toxin in complex with fucosylated receptors point to importance of secondary binding site. Sci Rep. 9(12243)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Delafresnaye L, Feist F, Hooker JP and Barner-Kowollik C: Microspheres from light-a sustainable materials platform. Nat Commun. 13(5132)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Welling MM, Duszenko N, van Meerbeek MP, Molenaar TJM, Buckle T, van Leeuwen FWB and Rietbergen DDD: Microspheres as a carrier system for therapeutic embolization procedures: Achievements and advances. J Clin Med. 12(918)2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Hanes J, Cleland JL and Langer R: New advances in microsphere-based single-dose vaccines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 28:97–119. 1997.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Matsunaga Y, Wakatsuki Y, Tabata Y, Kawasaki H, Usui T, Yoshida M, Itoh T, Habu S and Kita T: Oral immunization with size-purified microsphere beads as a vehicle selectively induces systemic tolerance and sensitization. Vaccine. 19:579–588. 2000.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Saleh S, Van Puyvelde S, Staes A, Timmerman E, Barbé B, Jacobs J, Gevaert K and Deborggraeve S: Salmonella Typhi, Paratyphi A, Enteritidis and Typhimurium core proteomes reveal differentially expressed proteins linked to the cell surface and pathogenicity. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 13(e0007416)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Galen JE, Pasetti MF, Tennant S, Ruiz-Olvera P, Sztein MB and Levine MM: Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi live vector vaccines finally come of age. Immunol Cell Biol. 87:400–412. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Rogers AWL, Tsolis RM and Bäumler AJ: Salmonella versus the Microbiome. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 85(e00027)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Sirard JC, Niedergang F and Kraehenbuhl JP: Live attenuated Salmonella: A paradigm of mucosal vaccines. Immunol Rev. 171:5–26. 1999.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Howlader DR, Koley H, Sinha R, Maiti S, Bhaumik U, Mukherjee P and Dutta S: Development of a novel S. Typhi and Paratyphi A outer membrane vesicles based bivalent vaccine against enteric fever. PLoS One. 13(e0203631)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Dempsey E and Corr SC: Lactobacillus spp. for gastrointestinal health: Current and future perspectives. Front Immunol. 13(840245)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Li F, Wang X, Ma R, Wu W, Teng F, Cheng X, Jiang Y, Zhou H, Wang L, Tang L, et al: Oral immunization with lactobacillus casei expressing the porcine circovirus type 2 Cap and LTB induces mucosal and systemic antibody responses in mice. Viruses. 13(1302)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Shaw DM, Gaerthé B, Leer RJ, Van Der Stap JG, Smittenaar C, Heijne Den Bak-Glashouwer M, Thole JE, Tielen FJ, Pouwels PH and Havenith CE: Engineering the microflora to vaccinate the mucosa: Serum immunoglobulin G responses and activated draining cervical lymph nodes following mucosal application of tetanus toxin fragment C-expressing lactobacilli. Immunology. 100:510–518. 2000.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Betancor M, Moreno-Martínez L, López-Pérez Ó, Otero A, Hernaiz A, Barrio T, Badiola JJ, Osta R, Bolea R and Martín-Burriel I: Therapeutic Assay with the Non-toxic C-Terminal fragment of tetanus toxin (TTC) in transgenic murine models of prion disease. Mol Neurobiol. 58:5312–5326. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Mathiesen G, Øverland L, Kuczkowska K and Eijsink VGH: Anchoring of heterologous proteins in multiple Lactobacillus species using anchors derived from Lactobacillus plantarum. Sci Rep. 10(9640)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Ding C, Ma J, Dong Q and Liu Q: Live bacterial vaccine vector and delivery strategies of heterologous antigen: A review. Immunol Lett. 197:70–77. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Yun SO, Shin HY, Kang CY and Kang HJ: Generation of antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes with activated B cells. Cytotherapy. 19:119–127. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Porter DC, Ansardi DC and Morrow CD: Encapsidation of poliovirus replicons encoding the complete human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gag gene by using a complementation system which provides the P1 capsid protein in trans. J Virol. 69:1548–1555. 1995.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Sharpe S, Fooks A, Lee J, Hayes K, Clegg C and Cranage M: Single oral immunization with replication deficient recombinant adenovirus elicits long-lived transgene-specific cellular and humoral immune responses. Virology. 293:210–216. 2002.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Kwong KW, Xin Y, Lai NC, Sung JC, Wu KC, Hamied YK, Sze ET and Lam DM: Oral vaccines: A better future of immunization. Vaccines. 11(1232)2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Langridge WH: Edible Vaccines. Sci Am. 283:66–71. 2000.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Zhang Y, Chen S, Li J, Liu Y, Hu Y and Cai H: Oral immunogenicity of potato-derived antigens to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mice. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai). 44:823–830. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Wen SX, Teel LD, Judge NA and O'Brien AD: A plant-based oral vaccine to protect against systemic intoxication by Shiga toxin type 2. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 103:7082–7087. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Arakawa T, Chong DK and Langridge WH: Efficacy of a food plant-based oral cholera toxin B subunit vaccine. Nat Biotechnol. 16:292–297. 1998.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Greco R, Michel M, Guetard D, Cervantes-Gonzalez M, Pelucchi N, Wain-Hobson S, Sala F and Sala M: Production of recombinant HIV-1/HBV virus-like particles in Nicotiana tabacum and Arabidopsis thaliana plants for a bivalent plant-based vaccine. Vaccine. 25:8228–8240. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Mehrizadeh V, Dorani E, Mohammadi SA and Ghareyazie B: Expression of recombinant human IFN-γ protein in soybean (Glycine max L.). Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult. 146:127–136. 2021. | |
|
Ren C, Zhang Q, Wang G, Ai C, Hu M, Liu X, Tian F, Zhao J, Chen Y, Wang M, et al: Modulation of peanut-induced allergic immune responses by oral lactic acid bacteria-based vaccines in mice. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 98:6353–6364. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Joh LD, Wroblewski T, Ewing NN and VanderGheynst JS: High-level transient expression of recombinant protein in lettuce. Biotechnol Bioeng. 91:861–871. 2005.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Luchakivskaya Y, Kishchenko O, Gerasymenko I, Olevinskaya Z, Simonenko Y, Spivak M and Kuchuk M: High-level expression of human interferon alpha-2b in transgenic carrot (Daucus carota L.) plants. Plant Cell Rep. 30:407–415. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Beihaghi M, Marashi H, Bagheri A and Sankian M: Transient expression of CCL21as recombinant protein in tomato. Biotechnol Rep (Amst). 17:10–15. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Lee RW, Strommer J, Hodgins D, Shewen PE, Niu Y and Lo RY: Towards development of an edible vaccine against bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis using transgenic white clover expressing a Mannheimia haemolytica A1 leukotoxin 50 fusion protein. Infect Immun. 69:5786–5793. 2001.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Peréz Aguirreburualde MS, Gómez MC, Ostachuk A, Wolman F, Albanesi G, Pecora A, Odeon A, Ardila F, Escribano JM, Dus Santos MJ and Wigdorovitz A: Efficacy of a BVDV subunit vaccine produced in alfalfa transgenic plants. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 151:315–324. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Streatfield SJ, Lane JR, Brooks CA, Barker DK, Poage ML, Mayor JM, Lamphear BJ, Drees CF, Jilka JM, Hood EE and Howard JA: Corn as a production system for human and animal vaccines. Vaccine. 21:812–815. 2003.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Wee S and Gombotz WR: Protein release from alginate matrices. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 31:267–285. 1998.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Ma Y, Lin SQ, Gao Y, Li M, Luo WX, Zhang J and Xia NS: Expression of ORF2 partial gene of hepatitis E virus in tomatoes and immunoactivity of expression products. World J Gastroenterol. 9:2211–2215. 2003.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Eidenberger L, Kogelmann B and Steinkellner H: Plant-based biopharmaceutical engineering. Nat Rev Bioeng. 1:426–439. 2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Ortega-Berlanga B and Pniewski T: Plant-Based vaccines in combat against coronavirus diseases. Vaccines (Basel). 10(138)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Smart V, Foster PS, Rothenberg ME, Higgins TJ and Hogan SP: A plant-based allergy vaccine suppresses experimental asthma via an IFN-gamma and CD4+CD45RBlow T cell-dependent mechanism. Immunol. 171:2116–2126. 2003.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Guan ZJ, Guo B, Huo YL, Guan ZP and Wei YH: Overview of expression of hepatitis B surface antigen in transgenic plants. Vaccine. 28:7351–7362. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Jin S, Wang T, Zhao Y, Liu X, Wang Y, Jiang L and Zhang Q: The heat-labile toxin B subunit of E. coli fused with VP6 from GCRV (Grass carp reovirus) was expressed and folded into an active protein in rice calli. Protein Expr Purif. 197(106099)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
McMillan HM, Zebell SG, Ristaino JB, Dong X and Kuehn MJ: Protective plant immune responses are elicited by bacterial outer membrane vesicles. Cell Rep. 34(108645)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Lee J, Woodruff MC, Kim EH and Nam JH: Knife's edge: Balancing immunogenicity and reactogenicity in mRNA vaccines. Exp Mol Med. 55:1305–1313. 2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Jan N, Shafi F, Hameed Ob, Muzaffar K, Dar SM, Majid I and Na N: An Overview on Edible Vaccines and Immunization. Austin J Nutri Food Sci. 4(1078)2016. | |
|
Zhang X, Buehner NA, Hutson AM, Estes MK and Mason HS: Tomato is a highly effective vehicle for expression and oral immunization with Norwalk virus capsid protein. Plant Biotechnol J. 4:419–432. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
McGarvey PB, Hammond J, Dienelt MM, Hooper DC, Fu ZF, Dietzschold B, Koprowski H and Michaels FH: Expression of the rabies virus glycoprotein in transgenic tomatoes. Biotechnology (N Y). 13:1484–1487. 1995.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Jain A, Saini V and Kohli DV: Edible transgenic plant vaccines for different diseases. Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 14:594–614. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Chan HT and Daniell H: Plant-made oral vaccines against human infectious diseases-Are we there yet? Plant Biotechnol J. 13:1056–1070. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Rao JP, Agrawal P, Mohammad R, Rao SK, Reddy GR, Dechamma HJ and S Suryanarayana VV: Expression of VP1 protein of serotype A and O of foot-and-mouth disease virus in transgenic sunnhemp plants and its immunogenicity for guinea pigs. Acta Virol. 56:91–99. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Han L, An C, Liu D, Wang Z, Bian L, He Q, Liu J, Wang Q, Liu M, Mao Q, et al: Development of an ELISA Assay for the Determination of SARS-CoV-2 protein subunit vaccine antigen content. Viruses. 15(62)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Khalid F, Tahir R, Ellahi M, Amir N, Rizvi SFA and Hasnain A: Emerging trends of edible vaccine therapy for combating human diseases especially COVID-19: Pros, cons, and future challenges. Phytother Res. 36:2746–2766. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Sharma M and Sood B: A banana or a syringe: Journey to edible vaccines. World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 27:471–477. 2011. | |
|
Surridge C: Oral vaccines: Papaya salad. Nat Plants. 3(17034)2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Azad MA, Rabbani MG, Amin L and Sidik NM: Development of transgenic papaya through agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Int J Genomics. 2013(235487)2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Thach PN and Hoi NT: Result of homogenization of sputum with papaya for faster detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Probl Tuberk. 37(85)1959.PubMed/NCBI(In Russian). | |
|
Stöger E, Vaquero C, Torres E, Sack M, Nicholson L, Drossard J, Williams S, Keen D, Perrin Y, Christou P and Fischer R: Cereal crops as viable production and storage systems for pharmaceutical scFv antibodies. Plant Mol Biol. 42:583–590. 2000.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Rosales-Mendoza S, Sández-Robledo C, Bañuelos-Hernández B and Angulo C: Corn-based vaccines: Current status and prospects. Planta. 245:875–888. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Nochi T, Takagi H, Yuki Y, Yang L, Masumura T, Mejima M, Nakanishi U, Matsumura A, Uozumi A, Hiroi T, et al: Rice-based mucosal vaccine as a global strategy for cold-chain- and needle-free vaccination. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 104:10986–10991. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Specht EA and Mayfield SP: Algae-based oral recombinant vaccines. Front Microbiol. 5(60)2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Sami N, Ahmad R and Fatma T: Exploring algae and cyanobacteria as a promising natural source of antiviral drug against SARS-CoV-2. Biomed J. 44:54–62. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Satyaraj E, Reynolds A, Engler R, Labuda J and Sun P: Supplementation of diets with spirulina influences immune and gut function in dogs. Front Nutr. 8(667072)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Genetically Engineered Plants as a Source of Vaccines Against Wide Spread Diseases: An Integrated View. Springer, New York, NY, 2014. | |
|
Gebre MS, Brito LA, Tostanoski LH, Edwards DK, Carfi A and Barouch DH: Novel approaches for vaccine development. Cell. 184:1589–1603. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Chan BC, Li P, Tsang MS, Sung JC, Kwong KW, Zheng T, Hon SS, Lau CP, Cheng W, Chen F, et al: Creating a vaccine-like supplement against respiratory infection using recombinant bacillus subtilis spores expressing SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with natural products. Molecules. 28(4996)2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Soutter F, Werling D, Nolan M, Küster T, Attree E, Marugán-Hernández V, Kim S, Tomley FM and Blake DP: A novel whole yeast-based subunit oral vaccine against eimeria tenella in chickens. Front Immunol. 13(809711)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Li M, Wang Y, Sun Y, Cui H, Zhu SJ and Qiu HJ: Mucosal vaccines: Strategies and challenges. Immunol Lett. 217:116–125. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Jazayeri SD, Lim HX, Shameli K, Yeap SK and Poh CL: Nano and microparticles as potential oral vaccine carriers and adjuvants against infectious diseases. Front Pharmacol. 12(682286)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Kong Q, Richter L, Yang YF, Arntzen CJ, Mason HS and Thanavala Y: Oral immunization with hepatitis B surface antigen expressed in transgenic plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 98:11539–11544. 2001.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Figueiredo D, Turcotte C, Frankel G, Li Y, Dolly O, Wilkin G, Marriott D, Fairweather N and Dougan G: Characterization of recombinant tetanus toxin derivatives suitable for vaccine development. Infect Immun. 63:3218–3221. 1995.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Lee CW, Lee SF and Halperin SA: Expression and immunogenicity of a recombinant diphtheria toxin fragment A in Streptococcus gordonii. Appl Environ Microbiol. 70:4569–4574. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Barry EM, Gomez-Duarte O, Chatfield S, Rappuoli R, Pizza M, Losonsky G, Galen J and Levine MM: Expression and immunogenicity of pertussis toxin S1 subunit-tetanus toxin fragment C fusions in Salmonella typhi vaccine strain CVD 908. Infect Immun. 64:4172–4181. 1996.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Kenner JR, Coster TS, Taylor DN, Trofa AF, Barrera-Oro M, Hyman T, Adams JM, Beattie DT, Killeen KP, Spriggs DR, et al: Peru-15, an improved live attenuated oral vaccine candidate for Vibrio cholerae O1. J Infect Dis. 172:1126–1129. 1995.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Banda R, Yambayamba V, Lalusha BD, Sinkala E, Kapulu MC and Kelly P: Safety of live, attenuated oral vaccines in HIV-infected Zambian adults: Oral vaccines in HIV. Vaccine. 30:5656–5660. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar |
