Anti‑obesity and immunostimulatory activity of <em>Chrysosplenium flagelliferum</em> in mouse preadipocytes 3T3‑L1 cells and mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells&nbsp;

Choi,Jeong Won; Park,Gwang Hun; Choi,Hyeok Jin; Lee,Jae Won; Kwon,Hae-Yun; Choi,Min Yeong; Jeong,Jin Boo

doi:10.3892/etm.2024.12604

Anti‑obesity and immunostimulatory activity of Chrysosplenium flagelliferum in mouse preadipocytes 3T3‑L1 cells and mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells

Authors:
- Jeong Won Choi
- Gwang Hun Park
- Hyeok Jin Choi
- Jae Won Lee
- Hae-Yun Kwon
- Min Yeong Choi
- Jin Boo Jeong
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Affiliations: Department of Forest Science, Andong National University, Andong, Gyeongsangbuk 36729, Republic of Korea, Forest Medicinal Resources Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Yeongju, Gyeongsangbuk 36040, Republic of Korea
Published online on: June 11, 2024 https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2024.12604
Article Number: 315
Copyright: © Choi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Chrysosplenium flagelliferum (CF) is known for its anti‑inflammatory, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. However, there is a lack of research on its other pharmacological properties. In the present study, the bifunctional roles of CF in 3T3‑L1 and RAW264.7 cells were investigated, focusing on its anti‑obesity and immunostimulatory effects. In 3T3‑L1 cells, CF effectively mitigated the accumulation of lipid droplets and triacylglycerol. Additionally, CF downregulated the peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor (PPAR)‑γ and CCAAT/enhancer‑binding protein α protein levels; however, this effect was impeded by the knockdown of β‑catenin using β‑catenin‑specific small interfering RNA. Consequently, CF‑mediated inhibition of lipid accumulation was also decreased. CF increased the protein levels of adipose triglyceride lipase and phosphorylated hormone‑sensitive lipase, while decreasing those of perilipin‑1. Moreover, CF elevated the protein levels of phosphorylated AMP‑activated protein kinase and PPARγ coactivator 1‑α. In RAW264.7 cells, CF enhanced the production of pro‑inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO), inducible NO synthase, interleukin (IL)‑1β, IL‑6 and tumor necrosis factor‑α, and increased their phagocytic capacities. Inhibition of Toll‑like receptor (TLR)‑4 significantly reduced the effects of CF on the production of pro‑inflammatory mediators and phagocytosis, indicating its crucial role in facilitating these effects. CF‑induced increase in the production of pro‑inflammatory mediators was controlled by the activation of c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase (JNK) and nuclear factor (NF)‑κB pathways, and TLR4 inhibition attenuated the phosphorylation of these kinases. The results of the pesent study suggested that CF inhibits lipid accumulation by suppressing adipogenesis and inducing lipolysis and thermogenesis in 3T3‑L1 cells, while stimulating macrophage activation via the activation of JNK and NF‑κB signaling pathways mediated by TLR4 in RAW264.7 cells. Therefore, CF simultaneously exerts both anti‑obesity and immunostimulatory effects.

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