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Review

Plazomicin: A promising novel antimicrobial in the era of bacterial resistance (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Mohamed Abouelkheir
    • Ahmed E. Taha
    • Ibrahim A. Taher
    • Heba M. Saad Eldien
    • Gamal Abdelrahman Bakhaat
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al‑Jouf 72388, Saudi Arabia, Microbiology and Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al‑Jouf 72388, Saudi Arabia, Histology Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al‑Jouf 72388, Saudi Arabia
  • Article Number: 42
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    Published online on: December 2, 2025
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2025.13037
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Abstract

Gram‑negative bacterial infections that are multidrug‑resistant are on the rise and present a severe risk to patients and the general population. These infections can be challenging to treat and cause severe morbidities and multiple mortalities. A semisynthetic antimicrobial called plazomicin received approval from the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of adults with severe complicated urinary tract infections (cUTIs) caused by bacterial pathogens, in cases where the patients have no or limited other therapeutic options. In treating cUTIs, plazomicin has demonstrated that it is comparable to meropenem, and is a practical treatment option for outpatient antibiotic treatment settings (given intravenously, once daily, with a brief 30 min administration duration). In addition, plazomicin shows low frequency side effects including nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Except for the approved use of plazomicin to treat cUTIs, there is a gap in the literature regarding the role of plazomicin in therapy for patients with aggressive and life‑threatening bacterial infections including Enterobacterales. Plazomicin is a reasonably expensive drug that should be used sparingly. In the present review, the molecular characteristics, chemical properties, mechanism of action, antibacterial spectrum, pharmacokinetics, clinical therapeutic indications, side effects, role in therapy and special considerations of plazomicin are discussed.
View Figures

Figure 1

Plazomicin structure. The structural
modifications of plazomicin compared with some traditional
aminoglycosides. Modifications include no -OH groups at the C-3'
and 4' sites, addition of a hydroxyethyl group to the amine at
location C-6' and a hydroxy-aminobutyric acid at the C-1'
position.

Figure 2

Schematic representation of
resistance determinants of plazomicin. The resistance mechanisms
include the expression of 16S rRNA methyltransferases (16RMT),
aminoglycoside acetyltransferase AAC-(2')-I, aminoglycoside
phosphotransferase APH (2')-Iva, grdA gene, efflux pumps or
drug impermeability.
View References

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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Abouelkheir M, Taha AE, Taher IA, Saad Eldien HM and Bakhaat GA: Plazomicin: A promising novel antimicrobial in the era of bacterial resistance (Review). Exp Ther Med 31: 42, 2026.
APA
Abouelkheir, M., Taha, A.E., Taher, I.A., Saad Eldien, H.M., & Bakhaat, G.A. (2026). Plazomicin: A promising novel antimicrobial in the era of bacterial resistance (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 31, 42. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2025.13037
MLA
Abouelkheir, M., Taha, A. E., Taher, I. A., Saad Eldien, H. M., Bakhaat, G. A."Plazomicin: A promising novel antimicrobial in the era of bacterial resistance (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 31.2 (2026): 42.
Chicago
Abouelkheir, M., Taha, A. E., Taher, I. A., Saad Eldien, H. M., Bakhaat, G. A."Plazomicin: A promising novel antimicrobial in the era of bacterial resistance (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 31, no. 2 (2026): 42. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2025.13037
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Abouelkheir M, Taha AE, Taher IA, Saad Eldien HM and Bakhaat GA: Plazomicin: A promising novel antimicrobial in the era of bacterial resistance (Review). Exp Ther Med 31: 42, 2026.
APA
Abouelkheir, M., Taha, A.E., Taher, I.A., Saad Eldien, H.M., & Bakhaat, G.A. (2026). Plazomicin: A promising novel antimicrobial in the era of bacterial resistance (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 31, 42. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2025.13037
MLA
Abouelkheir, M., Taha, A. E., Taher, I. A., Saad Eldien, H. M., Bakhaat, G. A."Plazomicin: A promising novel antimicrobial in the era of bacterial resistance (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 31.2 (2026): 42.
Chicago
Abouelkheir, M., Taha, A. E., Taher, I. A., Saad Eldien, H. M., Bakhaat, G. A."Plazomicin: A promising novel antimicrobial in the era of bacterial resistance (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 31, no. 2 (2026): 42. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2025.13037
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