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Case Report Open Access

Calcifying fibrous tumours of the diaphragm: A case report and literature review

  • Authors:
    • Sijia Guo
    • Wenya Han
    • Lingling Yuan
    • Hansheng Wang
    • Ge Cheng
    • Yaxin Tuo
    • Chuanyong Xiao
    • Jialong Guo
    • Meifang Wang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China, Department of Pathology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China, Medical Imaging Centre, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Guo et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 47
    |
    Published online on: December 5, 2025
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2025.13042
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Abstract

Calcifying fibrous tumour (CFT), also known as calcifying fibrous pseudotumor, is a rare benign tumour that accounts for ~0.5% of all diaphragmatic tumours. It affects predominantly children and young adults, with a slight female predilection. Owing to its non‑specific clinical presentations and imaging features along with its indolent growth pattern, CFT is frequently misdiagnosed. Histopathological examination remains the diagnostic gold standard, while complete surgical excision constitutes the mainstay of treatment. The present study reported a rare case of diaphragmatic CFT. Furthermore, all the case reports of CFT published in English in the PubMed database from 1946 to 2024 and detailed its diagnostic workup and therapeutic management were reviewed to enhance the recognition of CFT. The present study aims to reduce the number of missed diagnoses and misdiagnoses of CFT and the number of unnecessary high‑risk surgeries, thereby improving the quality of life of patients with CFT.
View Figures

Figure 1

Chest images. (A) Chest
contrast-enhanced CT scan demonstrating a lobulated solid nodule
(1.7x1.3 cm) in the left lower lobe anteromedial basal segment (S8)
(red arrows), which on the lung window (width 1,500 HU/level-600
HU) showed marginal spiculation, and also exhibited pleural
retraction and diaphragmatic contact. (B) Mediastinal window of
chest contrast-enhanced CT scan (width 350 HU/level 40 HU)
revealing mild punctate enhancement (red arrows). Three-dimensional
volume-rendered (C) coronal and (D) sagittal reconstructions
illustrate the anatomic. The tumour (red arrows) demonstrates
extensive adhesion to the diaphragm. Chest CT on the (E) lung
window and (F) mediastinal window shows findings consistent with
postoperative resection of a left lower lobe nodule, with
associated bibasilar atelectasis.

Figure 2

Thoracoscopic and histopathological
features of diaphragmatic calcifying fibrous tumour. (A) Gross
specimen showing a pearl-white, lobulated mass with coral-like
nodularity on the diaphragmatic surface (white arrow). (B)
Photomicrograph demonstrating hyalinized collagen bundles with
sparse lymphocytic infiltration (red arrows) (H&E stain;
magnification, x200).

Figure 3

Anatomic distribution of calcifying
fibrous tumours based on 215 published cases (current case
excluded).
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Guo S, Han W, Yuan L, Wang H, Cheng G, Tuo Y, Xiao C, Guo J and Wang M: Calcifying fibrous tumours of the diaphragm: A case report and literature review. Exp Ther Med 31: 47, 2026.
APA
Guo, S., Han, W., Yuan, L., Wang, H., Cheng, G., Tuo, Y. ... Wang, M. (2026). Calcifying fibrous tumours of the diaphragm: A case report and literature review. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 31, 47. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2025.13042
MLA
Guo, S., Han, W., Yuan, L., Wang, H., Cheng, G., Tuo, Y., Xiao, C., Guo, J., Wang, M."Calcifying fibrous tumours of the diaphragm: A case report and literature review". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 31.2 (2026): 47.
Chicago
Guo, S., Han, W., Yuan, L., Wang, H., Cheng, G., Tuo, Y., Xiao, C., Guo, J., Wang, M."Calcifying fibrous tumours of the diaphragm: A case report and literature review". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 31, no. 2 (2026): 47. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2025.13042
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Guo S, Han W, Yuan L, Wang H, Cheng G, Tuo Y, Xiao C, Guo J and Wang M: Calcifying fibrous tumours of the diaphragm: A case report and literature review. Exp Ther Med 31: 47, 2026.
APA
Guo, S., Han, W., Yuan, L., Wang, H., Cheng, G., Tuo, Y. ... Wang, M. (2026). Calcifying fibrous tumours of the diaphragm: A case report and literature review. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 31, 47. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2025.13042
MLA
Guo, S., Han, W., Yuan, L., Wang, H., Cheng, G., Tuo, Y., Xiao, C., Guo, J., Wang, M."Calcifying fibrous tumours of the diaphragm: A case report and literature review". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 31.2 (2026): 47.
Chicago
Guo, S., Han, W., Yuan, L., Wang, H., Cheng, G., Tuo, Y., Xiao, C., Guo, J., Wang, M."Calcifying fibrous tumours of the diaphragm: A case report and literature review". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 31, no. 2 (2026): 47. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2025.13042
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