Investigation of risk factors for prostate cancer patients with bone metastasis based on clinical data

Yamada,Yoshiaki; Naruse,Katsuya; Nakamura,Kogenta; Taki,Tomohiro; Tobiume,Motoi; Zennami,Kenji; Nishikawa,Genya; Itoh,Youko; Muramatsu,Yoshitaka; Nanaura,Hiroshi; Nishimura,Miho; Takii,Kazuko; Adham,Adnan Odhafa Kh.; Honda,Nobuaki

doi:10.3892/etm_00000099

July-August 2010 Volume 1 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

July-August 2010 Volume 1 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Article

Investigation of risk factors for prostate cancer patients with bone metastasis based on clinical data

Authors:
- Yoshiaki Yamada
- Katsuya Naruse
- Kogenta Nakamura
- Tomohiro Taki
- Motoi Tobiume
- Kenji Zennami
- Genya Nishikawa
- Youko Itoh
- Yoshitaka Muramatsu
- Hiroshi Nanaura
- Miho Nishimura
- Kazuko Takii
- Adnan Odhafa Kh. Adham
- Nobuaki Honda
View Affiliations / Copyright

Affiliations: Department of Urology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan. yy1124@aichi-med-u.ac.jp
Pages: 635-639
|
Published online on: July 1, 2010

https://doi.org/10.3892/etm_00000099
Expand metrics +

Abstract

It has not yet been determined whether certain types of prostate cancer with bone metastasis (M1b PC) are associated with a poor outcome. The present study retrospectively assessed the potential significance of various clinical data in predicting the outcome of M1b PC. The subjects were 104 patients who attended our hospital and received a diagnosis of M1b PC between January 1998 and December 2006. The age of the subjects ranged from 51 to 91 years (median 74). The observation period ranged from 4 to 122 months (median 43). The parameters investigated were T classification, N classification, Gleason score (GS), pre-treatment prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, extent of disease (EOD) grade, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), calcium and hemoglobin (Hb) levels and platelet count. The 5-year cause-specific survival rate was 56.6% and the 10-year cause-specific survival rate was 34.9%. Log-rank test and Cox univariate analysis identified the following factors with statistically significant differences: pre-treatment PSA level ≥192, N1, GS ≥8, EOD grade 3+4, high LDH, high ALP and low Hb. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis identified the factors GS ≥8 and high LDH with significant differences. The hazard ratio was 4.967 and 2.728, respectively, and the probability value (P) was 0.029 and 0.004, respectively. When the subjects with GS ≤8 and high LDH were classified as the high-risk group, the 5-year cause-specific survival rate was 24.6%. The outcome was significantly poorer in this group (P<0.0001) than in the other group, which had a 5-year cause-specific survival rate of 67.7%. The present study showed that patients with M1b PC with GS ≥8 and high LDH have a very poor outcome and thus should be treated as a high-risk group requiring close follow-up.

View Figures

View References

1.	Bray F, Sankila R, Ferlay J and Parkin DM: Estimates of cancer incidence and mortality in Europe in 1995. Eur J Cancer. 38:99–166. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
2.	Black RJ, Bray F, Ferlay J and Parkin DM: Cancer incidence and mortality in the European Union: cancer registry data and estimates of national incidence for 1990. Eur J Cancer. 33:1075–1107. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
3.	Parkin DM, Pisani P and Ferlay J: Global cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin. 49:33–64. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar
4.	Hinotsu S: An international comparison of epidemiologic factors of prostate cancer. Nippon Rinsho. 65:171–177. 2007.
5.	Schröder FH, Hugosson J, Roobol MJ, et al: Screening and prostate-cancer mortality in a randomized European study. N Engl J Med. 360:1320–1328. 2009.PubMed/NCBI
6.	Ito K, Kubota Y, Yamamoto T, et al: The change of mass screening system for prostate cancer in Gunma Prefecture: present state, and problems for 18 years. Jpn J Urol Surg. 13:997–1001. 2000.
7.	Debes JD and Tindall DJ: Mechanisms of androgen-refractory prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 351:1488–1490. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
8.	Epstein JI, Allsbrook WC Jr, Amin MB and Egevad LL: The 2005 International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) consensus conference on Gleason grading of prostatic carcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 29:1228–1242. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
9.	Sobin LH and Wittekind Ch: UICC TNM Classification of Malignant Tumors. 6th edition. Wiley-Liss Inc; New York: pp. 184–187. 2002
10.	Soloway MS, Hardeman SW, Hickey D, Raymond J, Todd B, Soloway S and Moinuddin M: Stratification of patients with metastatic prostate cancer based on extent of disease on initial bone scan. Cancer. 61:195–202. 1988. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
11.	Kumamoto Y, Tsukamoto T, Umehara T, et al: Clinical studies on endocrine therapy for prostatic carcinoma (2): prognosis of patients with prostatic carcinoma given endocrine therapy, and analyses on causes of death and side effects of endocrine therapy. Hinyokika Kiyo. 36:285–293. 1990.
12.	Nishio Y, Yamada Y, Kokubo H, et al: Prognostic significance of immunohistochemical expression of the HER-2/neu oncoprotein in bone metastatic prostate cancer. Urology. 68:110–115. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
13.	Kokubo H, Yamada Y, Nishio Y, et al: Immunohistochemical study of chromogranin A in stage D2 prostate cancer. Urology. 66:135–140. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
14.	Smaletz O, Scher HI, Small EJ, et al: Nomogram for overall survival of patients with progressive metastatic prostate cancer after castration. J Clin Oncol. 20:3972–3982. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
15.	Halabi S, Small EJ, Hayes DF, Vogelzang NJ and Kantoff PW: Prognostic significance of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for prostate-specific antigen in metastatic prostate cancer: a nested study within CALGB 9583. J Clin Oncol. 21:490–495. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar
16.	Nakashima J, Tachibana M, Horiguchi Y, Oya M, Ohgashi T, Asakura H and Murai M: Serum interleukin 6 as a prognostic factor in patients with prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 6:2702–2706. 2000.PubMed/NCBI
17.	Kuroda K, Nakashima J, Kanao K, et al: Interleukin 6 is associated with cachexia in patients with prostate cancer. Urology. 69:113–117. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
18.	Murphy GP and Whitmore WF Jr: A report of the workshops on the current status of the histologic grading of prostate cancer. Cancer. 44:1490–1494. 1979. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
19.	Bostwick DG: Grading prostate cancer. Am J Clin Pathol. 102(Suppl 1): 38–56. 1994.
20.	Kambara T, Oyama T, Segawa A, Fukabori Y and Yoshida KI: Prognostic significance of global grading system of Gleason score in patients with prostate cancer with bone metastasis. BJU Int. Nov 13–2009.(E-pub ahead of print).
21.	Parker C: Active surveillance: towards a new paradigm in the management of early prostate cancer. Lancet Oncol. 5:101–106. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
22.	Dall'Era MA, Konety BR, Cowan JE, et al: Active surveillance for the management of prostate cancer in a contemporary cohort. Cancer. 112:2664–2670. 2008.
23.	Halabi S, Small EJ, Kantoff PW, et al: Prognostic model for predicting survival in men with hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol. 21:1232–1237. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
24.	Scher HI, Kelly WM, Zhang ZF, et al: Post-therapy serum prostate-specific antigen level and survival in patients with androgen-independent prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 91:244–251. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
25.	Tannock IF, de Wit R, Berry WR, et al: Docetaxel plus prednisone or mitoxantrone plus prednisone for advanced prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 351:1502–1512. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
26.	Petrylak DP, Tangen CM, Hussain MH, et al: Docetaxel and estramustine compared with mitoxantrone and prednisone for advanced refractory prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 351:1513–1520. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Oncology

Molecular Medicine Reports

Oncology Reports

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Oncology Letters

Biomedical Reports

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

World Academy of Sciences Journal

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Epigenetics

Medicine International

Investigation of risk factors for prostate cancer patients with bone metastasis based on clinical data

This article is mentioned in:

Abstract

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Related Articles