Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Molecular Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1107-3756 Online ISSN: 1791-244X
Journal Cover
February 2013 Volume 31 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
February 2013 Volume 31 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Adenosine and inosine exert cytoprotective effects in an in vitro model of liver ischemia-reperfusion injury

  • Authors:
    • Katalin Módis
    • Domokos Gerő
    • Rita Stangl
    • Olivér Rosero
    • Attila Szijártó
    • Gábor Lotz
    • Petra Mohácsik
    • Petra Szoleczky
    • Ciro Coletta
    • Csaba Szabó
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA, 1st Department of Surgery, Semmelweis University Medical School, Budapest, Hungary, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University Medical School, Budapest, Hungary, CellScreen Applied Research Center, Semmelweis University Medical School, Budapest, Hungary
  • Pages: 437-446
    |
    Published online on: December 4, 2012
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2012.1203
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Liver ischemia represents a common clinical problem. In the present study, using an in vitro model of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury, we evaluated the potential cytoprotective effect of the purine metabolites, such as adenosine and inosine, and studied the mode of their pharmacological actions. The human hepatocellular carcinoma-derived cell line HepG2 was subjected to combined oxygen-glucose deprivation (COGD; 0-14-24 h), followed by re-oxygenation (0-4-24 h). Adenosine or inosine (300-1,000 µM) were applied in pretreatment. Cell viability and cytotoxicity were measured by the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide and lactate dehydrogenase methods, respectively. The results showed that both adenosine and inosine exerted cytoprotective effects, and these effects were not related to receptor-mediated actions, since they were not prevented by selective adenosine receptor antagonists. On the other hand, the adenosine deaminase inhibitor erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine hydrochloride (EHNA, 10 µM) markedly and almost fully reversed the protective effect of adenosine during COGD, while it did not influence the cytoprotective effect of inosine in the same assay conditions. These results suggest that the cytoprotective effects are related to intracellular actions, and, in the case of adenosine also involve intracellular conversion to inosine. The likely interpretation of these findings is that inosine serves as an alternative source of energy to produce ATP during hypoxic conditions. The protective effects are also partially dependent on adenosine kinase, as the inhibitor 4-amino-5-(3-bromophenyl)-7-(6‑morpholino-pyridin-3-yl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine, 2HCl (ABT 702, 30 µM) significantly reversed the protective effect of both adenosine and inosine during hypoxia and re-oxygenation. Collectively, the current results support the view that during hypoxia, adenosine and inosine exert cytoprotective effects via receptor-independent, intracellular modes of action, which, in part, depend on the restoration of cellular bioenergetics. The present study supports the view that testing of inosine for protection against various forms of warm and cold liver ischemia is relevant.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

View References

1. 

Carden DL and Granger DN: Pathophysiology of ischaemia-reperfusion injury. J Pathol. 190:255–266. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2. 

Frangogiannis NG: Chemokines in ischemia and reperfusion. Thromb Haemost. 97:738–747. 2007.PubMed/NCBI

3. 

Peralta C, Bartrons R, Riera L, Manzano A, Xaus C, Gelpi E and Rosello-Catafau J: Hepatic preconditioning preserves energy metabolism during sustained ischemia. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 279:G163–G171. 2000.PubMed/NCBI

4. 

Cavalieri B, Perrelli MG, Aragno M, Mastrocola R, Corvetti G, Durazzo M, Poli G and Cutrin JC: Ischemic preconditioning attenuates the oxidant-dependent mechanisms of reperfusion cell damage and death in rat liver. Liver Transpl. 8:990–999. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5. 

Lee WY and Lee SM: Ischemic preconditioning protects post-ischemic oxidative damage to mitochondria in rat liver. Shock. 24:370–375. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6. 

Carini R and Albano E: Recent insights on the mechanisms of liver preconditioning. Gastroenterology. 125:1480–1491. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7. 

Hasko G, Sitkovsky MV and Szabo C: Immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects of inosine. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 25:152–157. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8. 

Spitsin S, Hooper DC, Leist T, Streletz LJ, Mikheeva T and Koprowskil H: Inactivation of peroxynitrite in multiple sclerosis patients after oral administration of inosine may suggest possible approaches to therapy of the disease. Mult Scler. 7:313–319. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9. 

Szabo G, Stumpf N, Radovits T, Sonnenberg K, Gero D, Hagl S, Szabo C and Bahrle S: Effects of inosine on reperfusion injury after heart transplantation. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 30:96–102. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10. 

Veres G, Radovits T, Seres L, Horkay F, Karck M and Szabo G: Effects of inosine on reperfusion injury after cardiopulmonary bypass. J Cardiothorac Surg. 5:1062010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11. 

Gomez G and Sitkovsky MV: Differential requirement for A2a and A3 adenosine receptors for the protective effect of inosine in vivo. Blood. 102:4472–4478. 2003.PubMed/NCBI

12. 

Rahimian R, Fakhfouri G, Daneshmand A, Mohammadi H, Bahremand A, Rasouli MR, Mousavizadeh K and Dehpour AR: Adenosine A2A receptors and uric acid mediate protective effects of inosine against TNBS-induced colitis in rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 649:376–381. 2010.

13. 

Modis K, Gero D, Nagy N, Szoleczky P, Toth ZD and Szabo C: Cytoprotective effects of adenosine and inosine in an in vitro model of acute tubular necrosis. Br J Pharmacol. 158:1565–1578. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14. 

Szoleczky P, Modis K, Nagy N, Dori Toth Z, DeWitt D, Szabo C and Gero D: Identification of agents that reduce renal hypoxiare-oxygenation injury using cell-based screening: purine nucleosides are alternative energy sources in LLC-PK1 cells during hypoxia. Arch Biochem Biophys. 517:53–70. 2012.

15. 

Virag L and Szabo C: Purines inhibit poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activation and modulate oxidant-induced cell death. FASEB J. 15:99–107. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16. 

Bruns RF, Fergus JH, Badger EW, Bristol JA, Santay LA, Hartman JD, Hays SJ and Huang CC: Binding of the A1-selective adenosine antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine to rat brain membranes. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 335:59–63. 1987.

17. 

Kim J, Kim M, Song JH and Lee HT: Endogenous A1 adenosine receptors protect against hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury in mice. Liver Transpl. 14:845–854. 2008.PubMed/NCBI

18. 

Lee HT and Emala CW: Systemic adenosine given after ischemia protects renal function via A(2a) adenosine receptor activation. Am J Kidney Dis. 38:610–618. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19. 

Yasuda N, Inoue T, Horizoe T, Nagata K, Minami H, Kawata T, Hoshino Y, Harada H, Yoshikawa S, Asano O, Nagaoka J, Murakami M, Abe S, Kobayashi S and Tanaka I: Functional characterization of the adenosine receptor contributing to glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in rat hepatocytes. Eur J Pharmacol. 459:159–166. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20. 

Rose’Meyer RB, Harrison GJ and Headrick JP: Enhanced adenosine A(2B) mediated coronary response in reserpinised rat heart. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 367:266–273. 2003.PubMed/NCBI

21. 

Di Sole F, Cerull R, Babich V, Casavola V, Helmle-Roth C and Burckhardt G: Short- and long-term A3 adenosine receptor activation inhibits the Na+/H+ exchanger NHE3 activity and expression in opossum kidney cells. J Cell Physiol. 216:221–233. 2008.

22. 

Ohana G, Bar-Yehuda S, Arich A, Madi L, Dreznick Z, Rath-Wolfson L, Silberman D, Slosman G and Fishman P: Inhibition of primary colon carcinoma growth and liver metastasis by the A3 adenosine receptor agonist CF101. Br J Cancer. 89:1552–1558. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23. 

Haun SE, Segeleon JE, Trapp VL, Clotz MA and Horrocks LA: Inosine mediates the protective effect of adenosine in rat astrocyte cultures subjected to combined glucose-oxygen deprivation. J Neurochem. 67:2051–2059. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24. 

Jarvis MF, Yu H, Kohlhaas K, Alexander K, Lee CH, Jiang M, Bhagwat SS, Williams M and Kowaluk EA: ABT-702 (4-amino-5-(3-bromophenyl)-7-(6-morpholinopyridin-3-yl)pyrido[2,3-d] pyrimidine), a novel orally effective adenosine kinase inhibitor with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties: I. In vitro characterization and acute antinociceptive effects in the mouse. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 295:1156–1164. 2000.PubMed/NCBI

25. 

Kowaluk EA, Mikusa J, Wismer CT, Zhu CZ, Schweitzer E, Lynch JJ, Lee CH, Jiang M, Bhagwat SS, Gomtsyan A, McKie J, Cox BF, Polakowski J, Reinhart G, Williams M and Jarvis MF: ABT-702 (4-amino-5-(3-bromophenyl)-7-(6-morpholinopyridin-3-yl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine), a novel orally effective adenosine kinase inhibitor with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. II. In vivo characterization in the rat. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 295:1165–1174. 2000.PubMed/NCBI

26. 

Jagtap P, Soriano FG, Virag L, Liaudet L, Mabley J, Szabo E, Hasko G, Marton A, Lorigados CB, Gallyas F Jr, Sumegi B, Hoyt DG, Baloglu E, VanDuzer J, Salzman AL, Southan GJ and Szabo C: Novel phenanthridinone inhibitors of poly (adenosine 5′-diphosphate-ribose) synthetase: potent cytoprotective and antishock agents. Crit Care Med. 30:1071–1082. 2002.

27. 

Gero D, Modis K, Nagy N, Szoleczky P, Toth ZD, Dorman G and Szabo C: Oxidant-induced cardiomyocyte injury: Identification of the cytoprotective effect of a dopamine 1 receptor agonist using a cell-based high-throughput assay. Int J Mol Med. 20:749–761. 2007.PubMed/NCBI

28. 

Ohsaka Y, Ohgiya S, Hoshino T and Ishizaki K: Phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase in human hepatoblastoma cells is transiently increased by cold exposure and further enhanced by subsequent warm incubation of the cells. Cell Physiol Biochem. 12:111–118. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29. 

Laurens M, Defamie V, Scozzari G, Schmid-Alliana A, Gugenheim J and Crenesse D: Hypoxia-re-oxygenation-induced chemokine transcription is not prevented by preconditioning or intermittent hypoxia, in mice hepatocytes. Transpl Int. 18:444–452. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30. 

Roudier E, Bachelet C and Perrin A: Pyruvate reduces DNA damage during hypoxia and after re-oxygenation in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. FEBS J. 274:5188–5198. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31. 

Bhogal RH, Curbishley SM, Weston CJ, Adams DH and Afford SC: Reactive oxygen species mediate human hepatocyte injury during hypoxia/re-oxygenation. Liver Transpl. 16:1303–1313. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32. 

Kim JS, Wang JH and Lemasters JJ: Mitochondrial permeability transition in rat hepatocytes after anoxia/re-oxygenation: role of Ca2+-dependent mitochondrial formation of reactive oxygen species. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 302:G723–G731. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33. 

Pillai VC, Snyder RO, Gumaste U, Thekkumkara TJ and Mehvar R: Effects of transient overexpression or knockdown of cytochrome P450 reductase on reactive oxygen species generation and hypoxia re-oxygenation injury in liver cells. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 38:846–853. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34. 

Szabo C and Pacher P: The outsiders: emerging roles of ectonucleotidases in inflammation. Sci Transl Med. 4:146ps142012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35. 

Gallos G, Ruyle TD, Emala CW and Lee HT: A1 adenosine receptor knockout mice exhibit increased mortality, renal dysfunction, and hepatic injury in murine septic peritonitis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 289:F369–F376. 2005.PubMed/NCBI

36. 

Day YJ, Marshall MA, Huang L, McDuffie MJ, Okusa MD and Linden J: Protection from ischemic liver injury by activation of A2A adenosine receptors during reperfusion: inhibition of chemokine induction. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 286:G285–G293. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37. 

Ben-Ari Z, Pappo O, Sulkes J, Cheporko Y, Vidne BA and Hochhauser E: Effect of adenosine A2A receptor agonist (CGS) on ischemia/reperfusion injury in isolated rat liver. Apoptosis. 10:955–962. 2005.PubMed/NCBI

38. 

Lappas CM, Day YJ, Marshall MA, Engelhard VH and Linden J: Adenosine A2A receptor activation reduces hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury by inhibiting CD1d-dependent NKT cell activation. J Exp Med. 203:2639–2648. 2006.

39. 

León Fernández O, Pantoja M, Díaz Soto M, Dranguet J, García Insua M, Viebhan-Hánsler R, Menéndez Cepero S and Calunga Fernández J: Ozone oxidative preconditioning is mediated by A1 adenosine receptors in a rat model of liver ischemia/reperfusion. Transpl Int. 21:39–48. 2008.

40. 

Jurkowitz MS, Litsky ML, Browning MJ and Hohl CM: Adenosine, inosine, and guanosine protect glial cells during glucose deprivation and mitochondrial inhibition: correlation between protection and ATP preservation. J Neurochem. 71:535–548. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar

41. 

Litsky ML, Hohl CM, Lucas JH and Jurkowitz MS: Inosine and guanosine preserve neuronal and glial cell viability in mouse spinal cord cultures during chemical hypoxia. Brain Res. 821:426–432. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42. 

Mandel LJ, Takano T, Soltoff SP and Murdaugh S: Mechanisms whereby exogenous adenine nucleotides improve rabbit renal proximal function during and after anoxia. J Clin Invest. 81:1255–1264. 1988. View Article : Google Scholar

43. 

Takeo S, Tanonaka K, Miyake K and Imago M: Adenine nucleotide metabolites are beneficial for recovery of cardiac contractile force after hypoxia. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 20:187–199. 1988. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44. 

Weinberg JM and Humes HD: Increases of cell ATP produced by exogenous adenine nucleotides in isolated rabbit kidney tubules. Am J Physiol. 250:F720–F733. 1986.PubMed/NCBI

45. 

Ajamieh HH, Candelario-Jalil E, Fernandez OS and Gerbes AL: Ischaemic and pharmacological preconditionings protect liver via adenosine and redox status following hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion in rats. Clin Sci (Lond). 115:69–77. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar

46. 

Taniguchi M, Magata S, Suzuki T, Shimamura T, Jin MB, Iida J, Furukawa H and Todo S: Dipyridamole protects the liver against warm ischemia and reperfusion injury. J Am Coll Surg. 198:758–769. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47. 

Maggio AJ Jr, Das S, Smith RB and Kaufman JJ: Renal preservation with inosine. Urology. 16:343–345. 1980. View Article : Google Scholar

48. 

Tilser I, Martinkova J and Chladek J: The effect of metipranolol and inosine on total hepatic ischemia of rats in vivo. Sb Ved Pr Lek Fak Karlovy Univerzity Hradci Kralove. 36:25–29. 1993.PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Módis K, Gerő D, Stangl R, Rosero O, Szijártó A, Lotz G, Mohácsik P, Szoleczky P, Coletta C, Szabó C, Szabó C, et al: Adenosine and inosine exert cytoprotective effects in an in vitro model of liver ischemia-reperfusion injury. Int J Mol Med 31: 437-446, 2013.
APA
Módis, K., Gerő, D., Stangl, R., Rosero, O., Szijártó, A., Lotz, G. ... Szabó, C. (2013). Adenosine and inosine exert cytoprotective effects in an in vitro model of liver ischemia-reperfusion injury. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 31, 437-446. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2012.1203
MLA
Módis, K., Gerő, D., Stangl, R., Rosero, O., Szijártó, A., Lotz, G., Mohácsik, P., Szoleczky, P., Coletta, C., Szabó, C."Adenosine and inosine exert cytoprotective effects in an in vitro model of liver ischemia-reperfusion injury". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 31.2 (2013): 437-446.
Chicago
Módis, K., Gerő, D., Stangl, R., Rosero, O., Szijártó, A., Lotz, G., Mohácsik, P., Szoleczky, P., Coletta, C., Szabó, C."Adenosine and inosine exert cytoprotective effects in an in vitro model of liver ischemia-reperfusion injury". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 31, no. 2 (2013): 437-446. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2012.1203
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Módis K, Gerő D, Stangl R, Rosero O, Szijártó A, Lotz G, Mohácsik P, Szoleczky P, Coletta C, Szabó C, Szabó C, et al: Adenosine and inosine exert cytoprotective effects in an in vitro model of liver ischemia-reperfusion injury. Int J Mol Med 31: 437-446, 2013.
APA
Módis, K., Gerő, D., Stangl, R., Rosero, O., Szijártó, A., Lotz, G. ... Szabó, C. (2013). Adenosine and inosine exert cytoprotective effects in an in vitro model of liver ischemia-reperfusion injury. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 31, 437-446. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2012.1203
MLA
Módis, K., Gerő, D., Stangl, R., Rosero, O., Szijártó, A., Lotz, G., Mohácsik, P., Szoleczky, P., Coletta, C., Szabó, C."Adenosine and inosine exert cytoprotective effects in an in vitro model of liver ischemia-reperfusion injury". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 31.2 (2013): 437-446.
Chicago
Módis, K., Gerő, D., Stangl, R., Rosero, O., Szijártó, A., Lotz, G., Mohácsik, P., Szoleczky, P., Coletta, C., Szabó, C."Adenosine and inosine exert cytoprotective effects in an in vitro model of liver ischemia-reperfusion injury". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 31, no. 2 (2013): 437-446. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2012.1203
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team