Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Molecular Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1107-3756 Online ISSN: 1791-244X
Journal Cover
October-2017 Volume 40 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
October-2017 Volume 40 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Regulated differentiation of WERI-Rb-1 cells into retinal neuron-like cells

  • Authors:
    • Ying Liu
    • Huiling Hu
    • Meixin Liang
    • Yunfan Xiong
    • Kang Li
    • Mengfei Chen
    • Zhigang Fan
    • Xielan Kuang
    • Fei Deng
    • Xiaohong Liu
    • Chaochao Xu
    • Kaijing Li
    • Jian Ge
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518034, P.R. China, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650000, P.R. China, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21087, USA, Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Liu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 1172-1184
    |
    Published online on: August 17, 2017
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2017.3102
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The encouraging response and improved survival of acute promyelocytic leukemia patients following retinoic acid treatment has rendered differentiation therapy an attractive option in cancer treatment. Given that terminal differentiation represents a considerable barrier in retinoblastoma tumorigenesis and that retinoblastoma has a significantly higher spontaneous degeneration rate compared with other tumors (1,000-fold change), differentiation therapy represents a promising alternative in the treatment of retinoblastoma. However, the full differentiation potential of retinoblastoma still unknown. The present study was designed to investigate the extend differentiation of the classical retinoblastoma cell line WERI-Rb-1 (W-RBCs). Several critical cell signaling pathways and key genes related to cell proliferation and differentiation were comprehensively regulated to control the fate of W-RBCs. Various strategies were applied to optimize simple and time-saving methods to induce W-RBCs into different types of retinal neuron-like cells (RNLCs) in vitro. Further, the tumorigenesis of these differentiated W-RBCs was tested in nude mice in vivo. W-RBCs were found to inherently express both retinal progenitor cell- and embryonic stem cell-related genes or proteins. Moreover, the addition of antagonists of critical cell signals (Wnt, Nodal, BMP4 and Notch), even without atonal bHLH transcription factor 7 gene transfection, could directly induce W-RBCs into RNLCs, and especially into photoreceptor-like and retinal ganglion-like cells. Interestingly, the differentiated cells showed remarkably poorer tumorigenesis in vivo. These findings may offer new insights on the oriented differentiation of W-RBCs into RNLCs with low tumorigenicity and provide potential targets for retinoblastoma differentiation therapy.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

View References

1 

Bishop JO and Madson EC: Retinoblastoma. Review of the current status. Surv Ophthalmol. 19:342–366. 1975.PubMed/NCBI

2 

Chintagumpala M, Chevez-Barrios P, Paysse EA, Plon SE and Hurwitz R: Retinoblastoma: Review of current management. Oncologist. 12:1237–1246. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Degos L: All trans retinoic acid as a targeting drug for differentiation therapy in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Cancer Treat Res. 64:1–13. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Peterlin P, Garnier A, Tissot A, Garandeau C, Houreau-Langlard D, Hourmant M, Vantyghem S, Bonnet A, Guillaume T, Béné MC, et al: Successful treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia with arsenic trioxide and all-trans retinoic acid in a double lung and kidney transplanted patient. Ann Hematol. 95:1737–1738. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Kyritsis AP, Tsokos M, Triche TJ and Chader GJ: Retinoblastoma: A primitive tumor with multipotential characteristics. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 27:1760–1764. 1986.PubMed/NCBI

6 

Seigel GM: Differentiation potential of human retinoblastoma cells. Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 12:213–216. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Moore LH: Spontaneous regression of retinoblastoma. Br J Ophthalmol. 50:1101966. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Khodadoust AA, Roozitalab HM, Smith RE and Green WR: Spontaneous regression of retinoblastoma. Surv Ophthalmol. 21:467–478. 1977. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Mao J, Sun X, Tian Y, Li L, Li B, Ding H and Xing H: A molecular pathologic study on apoptosis in retinoblastoma and the mechanism of spontaneous regression in retinoblastoma. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi. 32:405–416. 1996.In Chinese. PubMed/NCBI

10 

Xu X, Li B, Wang Y, Gao F and Zhang Z: Retinoblastoma spontaneous regression: Clinical and histopathologic analysis. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi. 50:729–732. 2014.In Chinese. PubMed/NCBI

11 

Challis GB and Stam HJ: The spontaneous regression of cancer. A review of cases from 1900 to 1987. Acta Oncol. 29:545–550. 1990. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Herman MM, Perentes E, Katsetos CD, Darcel F, Frankfurter A, Collins VP, Donoso LA, Eng LF, Marangos PJ, Wiechmann AF, et al: Neuroblastic differentiation potential of the human retinoblastoma cell lines Y-79 and WERI-Rb1 maintained in an organ culture system. An immunohistochemical, electron microscopic, and biochemical study. Am J Pathol. 134:115–132. 1989.PubMed/NCBI

13 

Khanna H, Akimoto M, Siffroi-Fernandez S, Friedman JS, Hicks D and Swaroop A: Retinoic acid regulates the expression of photoreceptor transcription factor NRL. J Biol Chem. 281:27327–27334. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Saurat JH: Side effects of systemic retinoids and their clinical management. J Am Acad Dermatol. 27:S23–S28. 1992. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Fraunfelder FW and Fraunfelder FT: Adverse ocular drug reactions recently identified by the National Registry of Drug-Induced Ocular Side Effects. Ophthalmology. 111:1275–1279. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Hughes MF: Arsenic toxicity and potential mechanisms of action. Toxicol Lett. 133:1–16. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Trinh E, Lazzerini Denchi E and Helin K: Naturally death-resistant precursor cells revealed as the origin of retinoblastoma. Cancer Cell. 5:513–515. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Ikeda H, Osakada F, Watanabe K, Mizuseki K, Haraguchi T, Miyoshi H, Kamiya D, Honda Y, Sasai N, Yoshimura N, et al: Generation of Rx+/Pax6+ neural retinal precursors from embryonic stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 102:11331–11336. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Lamba DA, Karl MO, Ware CB and Reh TA: Efficient generation of retinal progenitor cells from human embryonic stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 103:12769–12774. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Osakada F, Ikeda H, Mandai M, Wataya T, Watanabe K, Yoshimura N, Akaike A, Sasai Y and Takahashi M: Toward the generation of rod and cone photoreceptors from mouse, monkey and human embryonic stem cells. Nat Biotechnol. 26:215–224. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Chen M, Chen Q, Sun X, Shen W, Liu B, Zhong X, Leng Y, Li C, Zhang W, Chai F, et al: Generation of retinal ganglion-like cells from reprogrammed mouse fibroblasts. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 51:5970–5978. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Merhi-Soussi F, Angénieux B, Canola K, Kostic C, Tekaya M, Hornfeld D and Arsenijevic Y: High yield of cells committed to the photoreceptor fate from expanded mouse retinal stem cells. Stem Cells. 24:2060–2070. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Wu P, Tarasenko YI, Gu Y, Huang LY, Coggeshall RE and Yu Y: Region-specific generation of cholinergic neurons from fetal human neural stem cells grafted in adult rat. Nat Neurosci. 5:1271–1278. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Silva AK, Yi H, Hayes SH, Seigel GM and Hackam AS: Lithium chloride regulates the proliferation of stem-like cells in retinoblastoma cell lines: a potential role for the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Mol Vis. 16:36–45. 2010.PubMed/NCBI

25 

Denayer T, Locker M, Borday C, Deroo T, Janssens S, Hecht A, van Roy F, Perron M and Vleminckx K: Canonical Wnt signaling controls proliferation of retinal stem/progenitor cells in postembryonic Xenopus eyes. Stem Cells. 26:2063–2074. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Fuhrmann S: Wnt signaling in eye organogenesis. Organogenesis. 4:60–67. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Xiao W, Chen X and He M: Inhibition of the Jagged/Notch pathway inhibits retinoblastoma cell proliferation via suppressing the PI3K/Akt, Src, p38MAPK and Wnt/β catenin signaling pathways. Mol Med Rep. 10:453–458. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Haubold M, Weise A, Stephan H and Dünker N: Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) signaling in retinoblastoma cells. Int J Biol Sci. 6:700–715. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Kimchi A, Wang XF, Weinberg RA, Cheifetz S and Massagué J: Absence of TGF-beta receptors and growth inhibitory responses in retinoblastoma cells. Science. 240:196–199. 1988. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Klassen H, Ziaeian B, Kirov II, Young MJ and Schwartz PH: Isolation of retinal progenitor cells from post-mortem human tissue and comparison with autologous brain progenitors. J Neurosci Res. 77:334–343. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Schmitt S, Aftab U, Jiang C, Redenti S, Klassen H, Miljan E, Sinden J and Young M: Molecular characterization of human retinal progenitor cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 50:5901–5908. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Parameswaran S, Balasubramanian S, Babai N, Qiu F, Eudy JD, Thoreson WB and Ahmad I: Induced pluripotent stem cells generate both retinal ganglion cells and photoreceptors: Therapeutic implications in degenerative changes in glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration. Stem Cells. 28:695–703. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(−Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Chen P, Hu H, Chen Z, Cai X, Zhang Z, Yang Y, Yu N, Zhang J, Xia L, Ge J, et al: BRCA1 silencing is associated with failure of DNA repairing in retinal neurocytes. PLoS One. 9:e993712014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Vallier L, Reynolds D and Pedersen RA: Nodal inhibits differentiation of human embryonic stem cells along the neuroectodermal default pathway. Dev Biol. 275:403–421. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Smith JR, Vallier L, Lupo G, Alexander M, Harris WA and Pedersen RA: Inhibition of Activin/Nodal signaling promotes specification of human embryonic stem cells into neuroectoderm. Dev Biol. 313:107–117. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar

37 

Hu H, Deng F, Liu Y, Chen M, Zhang X, Sun X, Dong Z, Liu X and Ge J: Characterization and retinal neuron differentiation of WERI-Rb1 cancer stem cells. Mol Vis. 18:2388–2397. 2012.PubMed/NCBI

38 

Zhao S and Barnstable CJ: Differential effects of bFGF on development of the rat retina. Brain Res. 723:169–176. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Czekaj M, Haas J, Gebhardt M, Müller-Reichert T, Humphries P, Farrar J, Bartsch U and Ader M: In vitro expanded stem cells from the developing retina fail to generate photoreceptors but differentiate into myelinating oligodendrocytes. PLoS One. 7:e417982012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Brown NL, Patel S, Brzezinski J and Glaser T: Math5 is required for retinal ganglion cell and optic nerve formation. Development. 128:2497–2508. 2001.PubMed/NCBI

41 

Liu W, Mo Z and Xiang M: The Ath5 proneural genes function upstream of Brn3 POU domain transcription factor genes to promote retinal ganglion cell development. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 98:1649–1654. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Wang SW, Kim BS, Ding K, Wang H, Sun D, Johnson RL, Klein WH and Gan L: Requirement for math5 in the development of retinal ganglion cells. Genes Dev. 15:24–29. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Riesenberg AN, Liu Z, Kopan R and Brown NL: Rbpj cell autonomous regulation of retinal ganglion cell and cone photoreceptor fates in the mouse retina. J Neurosci. 29:12865–12877. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Kayama M, Kurokawa MS, Ueda Y, Ueno H, Kumagai Y, Chiba S, Takada E, Ueno S, Tadokoro M and Suzuki N: Transfection with pax6 gene of mouse embryonic stem cells and subsequent cell cloning induced retinal neuron progenitors, including retinal ganglion cell-like cells, in vitro. Ophthalmic Res. 43:79–91. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

45 

Pera MF, Andrade J, Houssami S, Reubinoff B, Trounson A, Stanley EG, Ward-van Oostwaard D and Mummery C: Regulation of human embryonic stem cell differentiation by BMP-2 and its antagonist noggin. J Cell Sci. 117:1269–1280. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Ying QL, Nichols J, Chambers I and Smith A: BMP induction of Id proteins suppresses differentiation and sustains embryonic stem cell self-renewal in collaboration with STAT3. Cell. 115:281–292. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Ghiasvand NM, Rudolph DD, Mashayekhi M, Brzezinski JA IV, Goldman D and Glaser T: Deletion of a remote enhancer near ATOH7 disrupts retinal neurogenesis, causing NCRNA disease. Nat Neurosci. 14:578–586. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

48 

Yang Z, Ding K, Pan L, Deng M and Gan L: Math5 determines the competence state of retinal ganglion cell progenitors. Dev Biol. 264:240–254. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

49 

Kay JN, Link BA and Baier H: Staggered cell-intrinsic timing of ath5 expression underlies the wave of ganglion cell neurogenesis in the zebrafish retina. Development. 132:2573–2585. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

50 

Chen D, Opavsky R, Pacal M, Tanimoto N, Wenzel P, Seeliger MW, Leone G and Bremner R: Rb-mediated neuronal differentiation through cell-cycle-independent regulation of E2f3a. PLoS Biol. 5:e1792007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

51 

Souren M, Martinez-Morales JR, Makri P, Wittbrodt B and Wittbrodt J: A global survey identifies novel upstream components of the Ath5 neurogenic network. Genome Biol. 10:R922009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

52 

del Cerro M, Notter MF, Seigel G, Lazar E, Chader G and del Cerro C: Intraretinal xenografts of differentiated human retinoblastoma cells integrate with the host retina. Brain Res. 583:12–22. 1992. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

53 

Pierce GB and Wallace C: Differentiation of malignant to benign cells. Cancer Res. 31:127–134. 1971.PubMed/NCBI

54 

Pierce GB: The cancer cell and its control by the embryo. Rous-Whipple Award lecture. Am J Pathol. 113:117–124. 1983.PubMed/NCBI

55 

Ajioka I, Martins RA, Bayazitov IT, Donovan S, Johnson DA, Frase S, Cicero SA, Boyd K, Zakharenko SS and Dyer MA: Differentiated horizontal interneurons clonally expand to form metastatic retinoblastoma in mice. Cell. 131:378–390. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

56 

Seigel GM, Tombran-Tink J, Becerra SP, Chader GJ, Diloreto DA Jr, del Cerro C, Lazar ES and del Cerro M: Differentiation of Y79 retinoblastoma cells with pigment epithelial-derived factor and interphotoreceptor matrix wash: Effects on tumorigenicity. Growth Factors. 10:289–297. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Liu Y, Hu H, Liang M, Xiong Y, Li K, Chen M, Fan Z, Kuang X, Deng F, Liu X, Liu X, et al: Regulated differentiation of WERI-Rb-1 cells into retinal neuron-like cells. Int J Mol Med 40: 1172-1184, 2017.
APA
Liu, Y., Hu, H., Liang, M., Xiong, Y., Li, K., Chen, M. ... Ge, J. (2017). Regulated differentiation of WERI-Rb-1 cells into retinal neuron-like cells. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 40, 1172-1184. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2017.3102
MLA
Liu, Y., Hu, H., Liang, M., Xiong, Y., Li, K., Chen, M., Fan, Z., Kuang, X., Deng, F., Liu, X., Xu, C., Li, K., Ge, J."Regulated differentiation of WERI-Rb-1 cells into retinal neuron-like cells". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 40.4 (2017): 1172-1184.
Chicago
Liu, Y., Hu, H., Liang, M., Xiong, Y., Li, K., Chen, M., Fan, Z., Kuang, X., Deng, F., Liu, X., Xu, C., Li, K., Ge, J."Regulated differentiation of WERI-Rb-1 cells into retinal neuron-like cells". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 40, no. 4 (2017): 1172-1184. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2017.3102
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Liu Y, Hu H, Liang M, Xiong Y, Li K, Chen M, Fan Z, Kuang X, Deng F, Liu X, Liu X, et al: Regulated differentiation of WERI-Rb-1 cells into retinal neuron-like cells. Int J Mol Med 40: 1172-1184, 2017.
APA
Liu, Y., Hu, H., Liang, M., Xiong, Y., Li, K., Chen, M. ... Ge, J. (2017). Regulated differentiation of WERI-Rb-1 cells into retinal neuron-like cells. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 40, 1172-1184. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2017.3102
MLA
Liu, Y., Hu, H., Liang, M., Xiong, Y., Li, K., Chen, M., Fan, Z., Kuang, X., Deng, F., Liu, X., Xu, C., Li, K., Ge, J."Regulated differentiation of WERI-Rb-1 cells into retinal neuron-like cells". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 40.4 (2017): 1172-1184.
Chicago
Liu, Y., Hu, H., Liang, M., Xiong, Y., Li, K., Chen, M., Fan, Z., Kuang, X., Deng, F., Liu, X., Xu, C., Li, K., Ge, J."Regulated differentiation of WERI-Rb-1 cells into retinal neuron-like cells". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 40, no. 4 (2017): 1172-1184. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2017.3102
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team