Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Molecular Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1107-3756 Online ISSN: 1791-244X
Journal Cover
February-2018 Volume 41 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
February-2018 Volume 41 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Chronic prenatal hypoxia impairs cochlear development, a mechanism involving connexin26 expression and promoter methylation

  • Authors:
    • Jingcang Lin
    • Huang Huang
    • Guorong Lv
    • Xiangyang Xu
    • Wendong Lin
    • Xianyan Xu
    • Jing Cheng
    • Ming Zheng
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, P.R. China, Department of Histology and Embryology, Quanzhou Medical College, Quanzhou, Fujian 362100, P.R. China, Department of Medical Imaging, Quanzhou Medical College, Quanzhou, Fujian 362100, P.R. China, Department of Anatomy, Quanzhou Medical College, Quanzhou, Fujian 362100, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Lin et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 852-858
    |
    Published online on: December 1, 2017
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2017.3303
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Chronic prenatal hypoxia is a damaging to fetal development and may have various consequences, including hearing loss. Connexin 26 (Cx26) is one of the major protein subunits required for gap junction formation, and has an important role in maintaining homeostasis in the cochlea and normal hearing. Cx26 mutation and expression abnormality are closely associated with inherited nonsyndromic deafness, but the association between Cx26 and prenatal hypoxia is less established. The present study aimed to examine Cx26 expression and aberrant methylation the Cx26 promoter region in the cochlea from rats exposed to chronic prenatal hypoxia. Hematoxylin and eosin staining demonstrated that the number of hair cells in the organ of Corti were less in the hypoxia group. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis revealed that protein and mRNA levels of Cx26 were decreased in the hypoxia group compared with the control group. Further bisulfite sequencing analysis revealed that prenatal hypoxia significantly increased the methylation status of the promoter region of the Cx26 gene. These results demonstrate that chronic prenatal hypoxia caused hearing impairment, and suggest that promoter region hypermethylation and expression downregulation of Cx26 underlie the mechanism of action.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

View References

1 

Cristobal R and Oghalai JS: Hearing loss in children with very low birth weight: Current review of epidemiology and pathophysiology. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 93:F462–F468. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Yuan Y, Zhang X, Huang S, Zuo L, Zhang G, Song Y, Wang G, Wang H, Huang D, Han D, et al: Common molecular etiologies are rare in nonsyndromic Tibetan Chinese patients with hearing impairment. PLoS One. 7:e307202012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Koyama S, Kaga K, Sakata H, Iino Y and Kodera K: Pathological findings in the temporal bone of newborn infants with neonatal asphyxia. Acta Otolaryngol. 125:1028–1032. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Hemker SL, Sims-Lucas S and Ho J: Role of hypoxia during nephrogenesis. Pediatr Nephrol. 31:1571–1577. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Eleftheriades M, Creatsas G and Nicolaides K: Fetal growth restriction and postnatal development. Ann NY Acad Sci. 1092:319–330. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Nishioka N, Nishina H, Yoshida K, Kinoshita K and Ehara Y: Effect of hypoxia on the auditory system of goat fetuses during extrauterine incubation. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 29:109–114. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Widziszowska A and Namyslowski G: Assessment of hearing organ activity in a group of neonates with central nervous system impairment. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 75:1280–1284. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Lee MY, Takada T, Takada Y, Kappy MD, Beyer LA, Swiderski DL, Godin AL, Brewer S, King WM and Raphael Y: Mice with conditional deletion of Cx26 exhibit no vestibular phenotype despite secondary loss of Cx30 in the vestibular end organs. Hear Res. 328:102–112. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Skvorak Giersch AB and Morton CC: Genetic causes of nonsyndromic hearing loss. Curr Opin Pediatr. 11:551–557. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Lalwani AK and Castelein CM: Cracking the auditory genetic code: Nonsyndromic hereditary hearing impairment. Am J Otol. 20:115–132. 1999.PubMed/NCBI

11 

Locke D, Bian S, Li H and Harris AL: Post-translational modifications of connexin26 revealed by mass spectrometry. Biochem J. 424:385–398. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Wu X, Wang Y, Sun Y, Chen S, Zhang S, Shen L, Huang X, Lin X and Kong W: Reduced expression of Connexin26 and its DNA promoter hypermethylation in the inner ear of mimetic aging rats induced by D-galactose. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 452:340–346. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Chen S, Sun Y, Lin X and Kong W: Down regulated connexin26 at different postnatal stage displayed different types of cellular degeneration and formation of organ of Corti. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 445:71–77. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Xiong M, Zhu Y, Lai H, Fu X, Deng W, Yang C, He Q and Zheng G: Radix astragali inhibits the down-regulation of connexin 26 in the stria vascularis of the guinea pig cochlea after acoustic trauma. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 272:2153–2160. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Virmani AK, Muller C, Rathi A, Zoechbauer-Mueller S, Mathis M and Gazdar AF: Aberrant methylation during cervical carcinogenesis. Clin Cancer Res. 7:584–589. 2001.PubMed/NCBI

16 

Yano T, Ito F, Kobayashi K, Yonezawa Y, Suzuki K, Asano R, Hagiwara K, Nakazawa H, Toma H and Yamasaki H: Hypermethylation of the CpG island of connexin 32, a candiate tumor suppressor gene in renal cell carcinomas from hemodialysis patients. Cancer Lett. 208:137–142. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Shimizu K, Shimoichi Y, Hinotsume D, Itsuzaki Y, Fujii H, Honoki K and Tsujiuchi T: Reduced expression of the Connexin26 gene and its aberrant DNA methylation in rat lung adenocarcinomas induced by N-nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine. Mol Carcinog. 45:710–714. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Sirnes S, Lind GE, Bruun J, Fykerud TA, Mesnil M, Lothe RA, Rivedal E, Kolberg M and Leithe E: Connexins in colorectal cancer pathogenesis. Int J Cancer. 137:1–11. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Tsujiuchi T, Shimizu K, Itsuzaki Y, Onishi M, Sugata E, Fujii H and Honoki K: CpG site hypermethylation of E-cadherin and Connexin26 genes in hepatocellular carcinomas induced by a choline-deficient L-Amino Acid-defined diet in rats. Mol Carcinog. 46:269–274. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Kane AD, Herrera EA, Camm EJ and Giussani DA: Vitamin C prevents intrauterine programming of in vivo cardiovascular dysfunction in the rat. Circ J. 77:2604–2611. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Chen F, Du S, Bian J, You ZB and Wu Y: Chronic hypoxia exposure during pregnancy is associated with a decreased active nursing activity in mother and an abnormal birth weight and postnatal growth in offspring of rats. Horm Behav. 61:504–511. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)). Method Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Shimizu K, Hanaoka M, Kato A, Fujii H, Honoki K and Tsujiuchi T: Reduced expression of the E-cadherin gene and its aberrant DNA methylation in hamster pancreatic tumors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 336:49–53. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Takai D and Jones PA: Comprehensive analysis of CpG islands in human chromosomes 21–22. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 99:3740–3745. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Giussani DA, Niu Y, Herrera EA, Richter HG, Camm EJ, Thakor AS, Kane AD, Hansell JA, Brain KL, Skeffington KL, et al: Heart disease link to fetal hypoxia and oxidative stress. Adv Exp Med Biol. 814:77–87. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Iqbal W and Ciriello J: Effect of maternal chronic intermittent hypoxia during gestation on offspring growth in the rat. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 209:564.e1–564.e9. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Daniel SJ, McIntosh M, Akinpelu OV and Rohlicek CV: Hearing outcome of early postnatal exposure to hypoxia in Sprague-Dawley rats. J Laryngol Otol. 15:1–5. 2014.

28 

Mencher LS and Mencher GT: Neonatal asphyxia, definitive markers and hearing loss. Audiology. 38:291–295. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Sohmer H and Freeman S: Hypoxia induced hearing loss in animal models of the fetus in-utero. Hear Res. 55:92–97. 1991. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Mazurek B, Haupt H, Georgiewa P, Klapp BF and Reisshauer A: A model of peripherally developing hearing loss and tinnitus based on the role of hypoxia and ischemia. Med Hypotheses. 67:892–899. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Chang Q, Tang W, Kim Y and Lin X: Timed conditional null of connexin26 in mice reveals temporary requirements of connexin26 in key cochlear developmental events before the onset of hearing. Neurobiol Dis. 73:418–427. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Sun Y, Tang W, Chang Q, Wang Y, Kong W and Lin X: Connexin30 null and conditional connexin26 null mice display distinct pattern and time course of cellular degeneration in the cochlea. J Comp Neurol. 516:569–579. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Wang Y, Chang Q, Tang W, Sun Y, Zhou B, Li H and Lin X: Targeted connexin26 ablation arrests postnatal development of the organ of Corti. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 385:33–37. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Liu W, Boström M, Kinnefors A and Rask-Andersen H: Unique expression of connexins in the human cochlea. Hear Res. 250:55–62. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Ahmad S, Chen S, Sun J and Lin X: Connexins 26 and 30 are co-assembled to form gap junctions in the cochlea of mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 307:362–368. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Zhang Y, Tang W, Ahmad S, Sipp JA, Chen P and Lin X: Gap junction-mediated intercellular biochemical coupling in cochlear supporting cells is required for normal cochlear functions. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 102:15201–15206. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Yu Q, Wang Y, Chang Q, Wang J, Gong S, Li H and Lin X: Virally expressed connexin26 restores gap junction function in the cochlea of conditional Gjb2 knockout mice. Gene Ther. 21:71–80. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

38 

Ahmad S, Tang W, Chang Q, Qu Y, Hibshman J, Li Y, Söhl G, Willecke K, Chen P and Lin X: Restoration of connexin26 protein level in the cochlea completely rescues hearing in a mouse model of human connexin30-linked deafness. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 104:1337–1341. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Inoshita A, Karasawa K, Funakubo M, Miwa A, Ikeda K and Kamiya K: Dominant negative connexin26 mutation R75W causing severe hearing loss influences normal programmed cell death in postnatal organ of Corti. BMC Genet. 15:12014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Loncarek J, Yamasaki H, Levillain P, Milinkevitch S and Mesnil M: The expression of the tumor suppressor gene connexin 26 is not mediated by methylation in human esophageal cancer cells. Mol Carcinog. 36:74–81. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Singal R, Tu ZJ, Vanwert JM, Ginder GD and Kiang DT: Modulation of the connexin26 tumor suppressor gene expression through methylation in human mammary epithelial cell lines. Anticancer Res. 20:59–64. 2000.PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Lin J, Huang H, Lv G, Xu X, Lin W, Xu X, Cheng J and Zheng M: Chronic prenatal hypoxia impairs cochlear development, a mechanism involving connexin26 expression and promoter methylation. Int J Mol Med 41: 852-858, 2018.
APA
Lin, J., Huang, H., Lv, G., Xu, X., Lin, W., Xu, X. ... Zheng, M. (2018). Chronic prenatal hypoxia impairs cochlear development, a mechanism involving connexin26 expression and promoter methylation. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 41, 852-858. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2017.3303
MLA
Lin, J., Huang, H., Lv, G., Xu, X., Lin, W., Xu, X., Cheng, J., Zheng, M."Chronic prenatal hypoxia impairs cochlear development, a mechanism involving connexin26 expression and promoter methylation". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 41.2 (2018): 852-858.
Chicago
Lin, J., Huang, H., Lv, G., Xu, X., Lin, W., Xu, X., Cheng, J., Zheng, M."Chronic prenatal hypoxia impairs cochlear development, a mechanism involving connexin26 expression and promoter methylation". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 41, no. 2 (2018): 852-858. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2017.3303
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Lin J, Huang H, Lv G, Xu X, Lin W, Xu X, Cheng J and Zheng M: Chronic prenatal hypoxia impairs cochlear development, a mechanism involving connexin26 expression and promoter methylation. Int J Mol Med 41: 852-858, 2018.
APA
Lin, J., Huang, H., Lv, G., Xu, X., Lin, W., Xu, X. ... Zheng, M. (2018). Chronic prenatal hypoxia impairs cochlear development, a mechanism involving connexin26 expression and promoter methylation. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 41, 852-858. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2017.3303
MLA
Lin, J., Huang, H., Lv, G., Xu, X., Lin, W., Xu, X., Cheng, J., Zheng, M."Chronic prenatal hypoxia impairs cochlear development, a mechanism involving connexin26 expression and promoter methylation". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 41.2 (2018): 852-858.
Chicago
Lin, J., Huang, H., Lv, G., Xu, X., Lin, W., Xu, X., Cheng, J., Zheng, M."Chronic prenatal hypoxia impairs cochlear development, a mechanism involving connexin26 expression and promoter methylation". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 41, no. 2 (2018): 852-858. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2017.3303
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team