Alterations of autophagy in knee cartilage by treatment with treadmill exercise in a rat osteoarthritis model

Zhang,Xiaoning; Yang,Yue; Li,Xin; Zhang,He; Gang,Yi; Bai,Lunhao

doi:10.3892/ijmm.2018.3948

Alterations of autophagy in knee cartilage by treatment with treadmill exercise in a rat osteoarthritis model

Authors:
- Xiaoning Zhang
- Yue Yang
- Xin Li
- He Zhang
- Yi Gang
- Lunhao Bai
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Affiliations: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110022, P.R. China, Department of Anesthesiology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110022, P.R. China
Published online on: October 23, 2018 https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2018.3948
Pages: 336-344
Copyright: © Zhang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

The aim of the present study was to investigate potential alterations in the articular cartilage in a rat model of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)‑induced osteoarthritis (OA) with or without treatment with moderate treadmill exercise. A total of 30 male Sprague‑Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=10), including the control, OA and OA with treadmill exercise (OAE) groups. Rats were evaluated upon completing the treadmill exercise program (speed, 18 m/min; 30 min/day; 5 days/week for 4 weeks). Interleukin (IL)‑1β and IL‑4 levels in the serum and intra‑articular lavage fluid (IALF) were measured by ELISA. Alterations in articular cartilage and synovium were also evaluated by histology, immunohistochemistry, western blotting and reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results revealed that IL‑1β in the serum and IALF decreased in the OAE group, whereas IL‑4 increased, and histological evaluation indicated that the OAE group had a clear treatment response. However, the expression of type II collagen in the articular cartilage increased in the OAE group as compared with the OA group, whereas ADAMTS5 expression decreased. In contrast to light chain 3B (LC3B), the protein expression levels of BECLIN1 and sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1) were increased in the OA group. In addition, a significant increase was observed between OA and OAE groups in LC3B and SQSTM1 protein levels, whereas no change was observed in BECLIN1 levels between the OA and OAE groups in the superficial and deep zones. The results of western blotting demonstrated that LC3II was notably decreased in the OA group and partially increased in the OAE group. The mRNA expression levels of LC3B and SQSTM1 increased in the OA and OAE groups, with a significant difference observed between the two groups, while a concomitant decrease was detected in BECLIN1 levels. In conclusion, 30 min of treadmill exercise had an evident protective effect in the articular cartilage of rats with MIA‑induced OA and may promote autophagy in the articular cartilage.

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