Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Molecular Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1107-3756 Online ISSN: 1791-244X
Journal Cover
January-2019 Volume 43 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
January-2019 Volume 43 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Alterations of autophagy in knee cartilage by treatment with treadmill exercise in a rat osteoarthritis model

  • Authors:
    • Xiaoning Zhang
    • Yue Yang
    • Xin Li
    • He Zhang
    • Yi Gang
    • Lunhao Bai
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110022, P.R. China, Department of Anesthesiology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110022, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Zhang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 336-344
    |
    Published online on: October 23, 2018
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2018.3948
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The aim of the present study was to investigate potential alterations in the articular cartilage in a rat model of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)‑induced osteoarthritis (OA) with or without treatment with moderate treadmill exercise. A total of 30 male Sprague‑Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=10), including the control, OA and OA with treadmill exercise (OAE) groups. Rats were evaluated upon completing the treadmill exercise program (speed, 18 m/min; 30 min/day; 5 days/week for 4 weeks). Interleukin (IL)‑1β and IL‑4 levels in the serum and intra‑articular lavage fluid (IALF) were measured by ELISA. Alterations in articular cartilage and synovium were also evaluated by histology, immunohistochemistry, western blotting and reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results revealed that IL‑1β in the serum and IALF decreased in the OAE group, whereas IL‑4 increased, and histological evaluation indicated that the OAE group had a clear treatment response. However, the expression of type II collagen in the articular cartilage increased in the OAE group as compared with the OA group, whereas ADAMTS5 expression decreased. In contrast to light chain 3B (LC3B), the protein expression levels of BECLIN1 and sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1) were increased in the OA group. In addition, a significant increase was observed between OA and OAE groups in LC3B and SQSTM1 protein levels, whereas no change was observed in BECLIN1 levels between the OA and OAE groups in the superficial and deep zones. The results of western blotting demonstrated that LC3II was notably decreased in the OA group and partially increased in the OAE group. The mRNA expression levels of LC3B and SQSTM1 increased in the OA and OAE groups, with a significant difference observed between the two groups, while a concomitant decrease was detected in BECLIN1 levels. In conclusion, 30 min of treadmill exercise had an evident protective effect in the articular cartilage of rats with MIA‑induced OA and may promote autophagy in the articular cartilage.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

View References

1 

Vaughan MW, LaValley MP, Felson DT, Orsmond GI, Niu J, Lewis CE, Segal NA, Nevitt MC and Keysor JJ: Affect and incident participation restriction in adults with knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 70:542–549. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Gómez R, Villalvilla A, Largo R, Gualillo O and Herrero- Beaumont G: TLR4 signalling in osteoarthritis-finding targets for candidate DMOADs. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 11:159–170. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Rahmati M, Mobasheri A and Mozafari M: Inflammatory mediators in osteoarthritis: A critical review of the state-of-the-art, current prospects, and future challenges. Bone. 85:81–90. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Barbour KE, Hootman JM, Helmick CG, Murphy LB, Theis KA, Schwartz TA, Kalsbeek WD, Renner JB and Jordan JM: Meeting physical activity guidelines and the risk of incident knee osteoarthritis: A population-based prospective cohort study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 66:139–146. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Blagojevic M, Jinks C, Jeffery A and Jordan KP: Risk factors for onset of osteoarthritis of the knee in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 18:24–33. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Berenbaum F and van den Berg WB: Inflammation in osteoarthritis: Changing views. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 23:1823–1824. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Cifuentes DJ, Rocha LG, Silva LA, Brito AC, Rueff-Barroso CR, Porto LC and Pinho RA: Decrease in oxidative stress and histological changes induced by physical exercise calibrated in rats with osteoarthritis induced by monosodium iodoacetate. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 18:1088–1095. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Boudenot A, Presle N, Uzbekov R, Toumi H, Pallu S and Lespessailles E: Effect of interval-training exercise on subchondral bone in a chemically-induced osteoarthritis model. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 22:1176–1185. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Siebelt M, Groen HC, Koelewijn SJ, de Blois E, Sandker M, Waarsing JH, Müller C, van Osch GJ, de Jong M and Weinans H: Increased physical activity severely induces osteoarthritic changes in knee joints with papain induced sulfate-glycosaminoglycan depleted cartilage. Arthritis Res Ther. 16:R322014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Nam J, Perera P, Liu J, Wu LC, Rath B, Butterfield TA and Agarwal S: Transcriptome-wide gene regulation by gentle treadmill walking during the progression of monoiodoacetate-induced arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 63:1613–1625. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Iijima H, Aoyama T, Ito A, Yamaguchi S, Nagai M, Tajino J, Zhang X and Kuroki H: Effects of short-term gentle treadmill walking on subchondral bone in a rat model of instability-induced osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 23:1563–1574. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Iijima H, Ito A, Nagai M, Tajino J, Yamaguchi S, Kiyan W, Nakahata A, Zhang J, Wang T, Aoyama T, et al: Physiological exercise loading suppresses post-traumatic osteoarthritis progression via an increase in bone morphogenetic proteins expression in an experimental rat knee model. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 25:964–975. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Galois L, Etienne S, Grossin L, Watrin-Pinzano A, Cournil-Henrionnet C, Loeuille D, Netter P, Mainard D and Gillet P: Dose-response relationship for exercise on severity of experimental osteoarthritis in rats: A pilot study. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 12:779–786. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Hong Y, Kim H, Lee Y, Lee S, Kim K, Jin Y, Lee SR, Chang KT and Hong Y: Salutary effects of melatonin combined with treadmill exercise on cartilage damage. J Pineal Res. 57:53–66. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Mizushima N: Physiological functions of autophagy. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 335:71–84. 2009.PubMed/NCBI

16 

Milner PI, Fairfax TP, Browning JA, Wilkins RJ and Gibson JS: The effect of O2 tension on pH homeostasis in equine articular chondrocytes. Arthritis Rheum. 54:3523–3532. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Kim J, Kundu M, Viollet B and Guan KL: AMPK and mTOR regulate autophagy through direct phosphorylation of Ulk1. Nat Cell Biol. 13:132–141. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Caramés B, Taniguchi N, Otsuki S, Blanco FJ and Lotz M: Autophagy is a protective mechanism in normal cartilage, and its aging-related loss is linked with cell death and osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 62:791–801. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Caramés B, Taniguchi N, Seino D, Blanco FJ, D’Lima D and Lotz M: Mechanical injury suppresses autophagy regulators and pharmacologic activation of autophagy results in chondroprotection. Arthritis Rheum. 64:1182–1192. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

20 

López de Figueroa P, Lotz MK, Blanco FJ and Caramés B: Autophagy activation and protection from mitochondrial dysfunction in human chondrocytes. Arthritis Rheumatol. 67:966–976. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Cetrullo S, D’Adamo S, Guidotti S, Borzì RM and Flamigni F: Hydroxytyrosol prevents chondrocyte death under oxidative stress by inducing autophagy through sirtuin 1-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1860.1181–1191. 2016.

22 

Sasaki H, Takayama K, Matsushita T, Ishida K, Kubo S, Matsumoto T, Fujita N, Oka S, Kurosaka M and Kuroda R: Autophagy modulates osteoarthritis-related gene expression in human chondrocytes. Arthritis Rheum. 64:1920–1928. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Srinivas V, Bohensky J and Shapiro IM: Autophagy: A new phase in the maturation of growth plate chondrocytes is regulated by HIF, mTOR and AMP kinase. Cells Tissues Organs. 189:88–92. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar :

24 

Watson K and Baar K: mTOR and the health benefits of exercise. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 36:130–139. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Yang Y, Wang Y, Kong Y, Zhang X and Bai L: The effects of different frequency treadmill exercise on lipoxin A4 and articular cartilage degeneration in an experimental model of monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis in rats. PLoS One. 12:e01791622017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Guzman RE, Evans MG, Bove S, Morenko B and Kilgore K: Mono-iodoacetate-induced histologic changes in subchondral bone and articular cartilage of rat femorotibial joints: An animal model of osteoarthritis. Toxicol Pathol. 31:619–624. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Pritzker KP, Gay S, Jimenez SA, Ostergaard K, Pelletier JP, Revell PA, Salter D and van den Berg WB: Osteoarthritis cartilage histopathology: Grading and staging. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 14:13–29. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Krenn V, Morawietz L, Burmester GR, Kinne RW, Mueller-Ladner U, Muller B and Haupl T: Synovitis score: Discrimination between chronic low-grade and high-grade synovitis. Histopathology. 49:358–364. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Guilak F, Alexopoulos LG, Upton ML, Youn I, Choi JB, Cao L, Setton LA and Haider MA: The pericellular matrix as a transducer of biomechanical and biochemical signals in articular cartilage. Ann NY Acad Sci. 1068:498–512. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(−Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Roos EM and Arden NK: Strategies for the prevention of knee osteoarthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 12:92–101. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Bomer N, Cornelis FM, Ramos YF, den Hollander W, Storms L, van der Breggen R, Lakenberg N, Slagboom PE, Meulenbelt I and Lories RJ: The effect of forced exercise on knee joints in Dio2(−/−) mice: Type II iodothyronine deiodinase-deficient mice are less prone to develop OA-like cartilage damage upon excessive mechanical stress. Ann Rheum Dis. 75:571–577. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Rasheed Z, Rasheed N and Al-Shaya O: Epigallocatechin-3- O-gallate modulates global microRNA expression in interleukin-1β-stimulated human osteoarthritis chondrocytes: Potential role of EGCG on negative co-regulation of microRNA-140-3p and ADAMTS5. Eur J Nutr. 57:917–928. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Jeon JE, Schrobback K, Meinert C, Sramek V, Hutmacher DW and Klein TJ: Effect of preculture and loading on expression of matrix molecules, matrix metalloproteinases, and cytokines by expanded osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Arthritis Rheum. 65:2356–2367. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Wojdasiewicz P, Poniatowski ŁA and Szukiewicz D: The role of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Mediators Inflamm. 2014.561459:2014.

36 

Barranco C: Osteoarthritis: Activate autophagy to prevent cartilage degeneration. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 11:1272015. View Article : Google Scholar

37 

Caramés B, Olmer M, Kiosses WB and Lotz MK: The relationship of autophagy defects to cartilage damage during joint aging in a mouse model. Arthritis Rheumatol. 67:1568–1576. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Bjørkøy G, Lamark T, Brech A, Outzen H, Perander M, Overvatn A, Stenmark H and Johansen T: p62/SQSTM1 forms protein aggregates degraded by autophagy and has a protective effect on huntingtin-induced cell death. J Cell Biol. 171:603–614. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Sanchez AM, Bernardi H, Py G and Candau RB: Autophagy is essential to support skeletal muscle plasticity in response to endurance exercise. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 307:R956–R969. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Kang R, Zeh HJ, Lotze MT and Tang D: The Beclin 1 network regulates autophagy and apoptosis. Cell Death Differ. 18:571–580. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Kang X, Yang W, Feng D, Jin X, Ma Z, Qian Z, Xie T, Li H, Liu J, Wang R, et al: Cartilage-specific autophagy deficiency promotes ER stress and impairs chondrogenesis in PERK-ATF4-CHOP-dependent manner. J Bone Miner Res. 32:2128–2141. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Khozoee B, Mafi P, Mafi R and Khan WS: Mechanical stimulation protocols of human derived cells in articular cartilage tissue engineering-a systematic review. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther. 12:260–270. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Zhang X, Yang Y, Li X, Zhang H, Gang Y and Bai L: Alterations of autophagy in knee cartilage by treatment with treadmill exercise in a rat osteoarthritis model. Int J Mol Med 43: 336-344, 2019.
APA
Zhang, X., Yang, Y., Li, X., Zhang, H., Gang, Y., & Bai, L. (2019). Alterations of autophagy in knee cartilage by treatment with treadmill exercise in a rat osteoarthritis model. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 43, 336-344. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2018.3948
MLA
Zhang, X., Yang, Y., Li, X., Zhang, H., Gang, Y., Bai, L."Alterations of autophagy in knee cartilage by treatment with treadmill exercise in a rat osteoarthritis model". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 43.1 (2019): 336-344.
Chicago
Zhang, X., Yang, Y., Li, X., Zhang, H., Gang, Y., Bai, L."Alterations of autophagy in knee cartilage by treatment with treadmill exercise in a rat osteoarthritis model". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 43, no. 1 (2019): 336-344. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2018.3948
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Zhang X, Yang Y, Li X, Zhang H, Gang Y and Bai L: Alterations of autophagy in knee cartilage by treatment with treadmill exercise in a rat osteoarthritis model. Int J Mol Med 43: 336-344, 2019.
APA
Zhang, X., Yang, Y., Li, X., Zhang, H., Gang, Y., & Bai, L. (2019). Alterations of autophagy in knee cartilage by treatment with treadmill exercise in a rat osteoarthritis model. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 43, 336-344. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2018.3948
MLA
Zhang, X., Yang, Y., Li, X., Zhang, H., Gang, Y., Bai, L."Alterations of autophagy in knee cartilage by treatment with treadmill exercise in a rat osteoarthritis model". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 43.1 (2019): 336-344.
Chicago
Zhang, X., Yang, Y., Li, X., Zhang, H., Gang, Y., Bai, L."Alterations of autophagy in knee cartilage by treatment with treadmill exercise in a rat osteoarthritis model". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 43, no. 1 (2019): 336-344. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2018.3948
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team