Ginsenoside protects against AKI via activation of HIF‑1α and VEGF‑A in the kidney‑brain axis

Mao,Huizheng; Jiang,Chunling; Xu,Leilei; Chen,Dapeng; Liu,Hui; Xu,Yuefei; Ma,Keli; Wang,Min

doi:10.3892/ijmm.2020.4466

Ginsenoside protects against AKI via activation of HIF‑1α and VEGF‑A in the kidney‑brain axis

Authors:
- Huizheng Mao
- Chunling Jiang
- Leilei Xu
- Dapeng Chen
- Hui Liu
- Yuefei Xu
- Keli Ma
- Min Wang
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Affiliations: College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China, Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China, College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, P.R. China
Published online on: January 15, 2020 https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2020.4466
Pages: 939-946

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Abstract

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is characterized by abrupt kidney dysfunction. It results in remote organ dysfunction, including the brain. The underlying mechanism of the kidney‑brain axis in AKI and effective protective approaches remain unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the potential protective effect of ginsenoside (GS) on AKI induced by glycerol in rats. Kidney function was initially assessed by blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cre) tests, and was identified to be severely impaired following glycerol treatment, based on significant increases in BUN and Cre levels observed. Severe extensive necrosis of the majority of the renal tubules was observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, additionally confirming that glycerol induced AKI. GS was identified to ameliorate the impairment of kidney function in the context of AKI. Further investigation of the mechanism revealed that GS may induce protection against oxidative stress via a kidney‑brain axis. Furthermore, GS improved the activation of hypoxia‑inducible factor 1α (HIF‑1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF‑A) in the hypothalamus response to AKI, and in the kidney tissues. The protective effect of GS in AKI may be associated with the interaction between the kidney and the brain. Taken together, these results suggested that GS was involved in the protective effects against AKI by decreasing oxidative damage to the kidney and brain, and by upregulating HIF‑1α and VEGF‑A levels in the kidney‑brain axis.

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