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Article

Promotion of liver regeneration and anti‑fibrotic effects of the TGF‑β receptor kinase inhibitor galunisertib in CCl4‑treated mice

  • Authors:
    • Atsutaka Masuda
    • Toru Nakamura
    • Mitsuhiko Abe
    • Hideki  Iwamoto
    • Takahiko Sakaue
    • Toshimitsu Tanaka
    • Hiroyuki  Suzuki
    • Hironori Koga
    • Takuji Torimura
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka 830‑0011, Japan
  • Pages: 427-438
    |
    Published online on: May 5, 2020
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2020.4594
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Abstract

The cytokine transforming growth factor‑β (TGF‑β) serves a key role in hepatic fibrosis and has cytostatic effects on hepatocytes. The present study investigated the anti‑fibrogenic and regenerative effects of the TGF‑β receptor type I kinase inhibitor galunisertib (LY2157299) in mice with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)‑induced liver cirrhosis and in vitro. Mice were intraperitoneally treated with CCl4 for 8 weeks. At week 5, the mice were divided randomly into four treatment groups: Vehicle‑treated; and treated with low‑; middle‑; and high‑dose galunisertib, which was administered from weeks 5‑8. The mice were sacrificed after 8 weeks of CCl4 treatment. Liver fibrosis, as evaluated by histology and determination of hydroxyproline content, progressed during week 4‑8 of CCl4 treatment in the vehicle‑treated mice. Galunisertib treatment dose‑dependently prevented liver fibrosis, as demonstrated by the direct inhibition of α‑smooth muscle actin‑positive activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) after 8 weeks of CCl4 treatment. The levels of active matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‑9 in galunisertib‑treated livers were significantly increased compared with the vehicle‑treated livers. In the high‑dose group, the number of PCNA‑positive hepatocytes and endothelial cells markedly increased compared with the vehicle group. Reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR analysis verified that interleukin‑6 and epiregulin expression levels were significantly increased in livers from the group treated with high‑dose galunisertib compared with the vehicle‑treated group. Galunisertib inhibited the proliferation of activated HSCs and collagen synthesis in addition to restoring MMP activity. Moreover, galunisertib promoted liver remodeling by proliferating hepatocytes and vascular endothelial cells, while significantly increasing liver weight. These results are consistent with the cytostatic action of TGF‑β that negatively regulates liver regeneration, and demonstrated that galunisertib inhibited TGF‑β signaling, halted liver fibrosis progression and promoted hepatic regeneration. The results of the present study suggest that galunisertib may be an effective treatment for liver cirrhosis.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Masuda A, Nakamura T, Abe M, Iwamoto H, Sakaue T, Tanaka T, Suzuki H, Koga H and Torimura T: Promotion of liver regeneration and anti‑fibrotic effects of the TGF‑β receptor kinase inhibitor galunisertib in CCl4‑treated mice. Int J Mol Med 46: 427-438, 2020.
APA
Masuda, A., Nakamura, T., Abe, M., Iwamoto, H., Sakaue, T., Tanaka, T. ... Torimura, T. (2020). Promotion of liver regeneration and anti‑fibrotic effects of the TGF‑β receptor kinase inhibitor galunisertib in CCl4‑treated mice. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 46, 427-438. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2020.4594
MLA
Masuda, A., Nakamura, T., Abe, M., Iwamoto, H., Sakaue, T., Tanaka, T., Suzuki, H., Koga, H., Torimura, T."Promotion of liver regeneration and anti‑fibrotic effects of the TGF‑β receptor kinase inhibitor galunisertib in CCl4‑treated mice". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 46.1 (2020): 427-438.
Chicago
Masuda, A., Nakamura, T., Abe, M., Iwamoto, H., Sakaue, T., Tanaka, T., Suzuki, H., Koga, H., Torimura, T."Promotion of liver regeneration and anti‑fibrotic effects of the TGF‑β receptor kinase inhibitor galunisertib in CCl4‑treated mice". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 46, no. 1 (2020): 427-438. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2020.4594
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Masuda A, Nakamura T, Abe M, Iwamoto H, Sakaue T, Tanaka T, Suzuki H, Koga H and Torimura T: Promotion of liver regeneration and anti‑fibrotic effects of the TGF‑β receptor kinase inhibitor galunisertib in CCl4‑treated mice. Int J Mol Med 46: 427-438, 2020.
APA
Masuda, A., Nakamura, T., Abe, M., Iwamoto, H., Sakaue, T., Tanaka, T. ... Torimura, T. (2020). Promotion of liver regeneration and anti‑fibrotic effects of the TGF‑β receptor kinase inhibitor galunisertib in CCl4‑treated mice. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 46, 427-438. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2020.4594
MLA
Masuda, A., Nakamura, T., Abe, M., Iwamoto, H., Sakaue, T., Tanaka, T., Suzuki, H., Koga, H., Torimura, T."Promotion of liver regeneration and anti‑fibrotic effects of the TGF‑β receptor kinase inhibitor galunisertib in CCl4‑treated mice". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 46.1 (2020): 427-438.
Chicago
Masuda, A., Nakamura, T., Abe, M., Iwamoto, H., Sakaue, T., Tanaka, T., Suzuki, H., Koga, H., Torimura, T."Promotion of liver regeneration and anti‑fibrotic effects of the TGF‑β receptor kinase inhibitor galunisertib in CCl4‑treated mice". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 46, no. 1 (2020): 427-438. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2020.4594
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