Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Molecular Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1107-3756 Online ISSN: 1791-244X
Journal Cover
September-2020 Volume 46 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
September-2020 Volume 46 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Milk‑derived hexapeptide PGPIPN prevents and attenuates acute alcoholic liver injury in mice by reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress

  • Authors:
    • Qia Xu
    • Hao Xi
    • Xi Chen
    • Yin Xu
    • Peng Wang
    • Jingwen Li
    • Wenmei Wei
    • Fang Gu
    • Yide Qin
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China, Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
    Copyright: © Xu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 1107-1117
    |
    Published online on: June 16, 2020
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2020.4643
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Bioactive peptides are an emerging area of biomedical research in the study of numerous human diseases, including acute alcoholic liver injury (AALI). To study the role and mechanism of the milk‑derived hexapeptide Pro‑Gly‑Pro‑Ile‑Pro‑Asn (PGPIPN) in preventing and reducing AALI, the present study established a mouse model of AALI. PGPIPN was used as a therapeutic drug, and glutathione (GSH) was used as a positive control. The body and liver weights of mice were measured, and the liver indexes were calculated to observe mice health. The pathological morphology of liver tissues stained with hematoxylin and eosin were examined to analyze hepatic injury, and hepatocyte apoptosis was measured with a TUNEL assay. The concentrations or activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase, tumor necrosis factor‑α, interleukin (IL)‑1β, IL‑6, triglyceride, total cholesterol, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and GSH peroxidase (GSH‑PX) were detected in serum and/or liver homogenates. The 78 kDa glucose‑regulated protein (GRP78), protein kinase R‑like (PKR) endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), phosphorylated (p)‑PERK, eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF‑2α), p-eIF-2α, inositol‑requiring enzyme 1α (IRE‑1α), spliced X‑box binding protein 1 (XBP‑1s), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), caspase‑3 and cleaved caspase‑3 proteins associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress in hepatocytes were assessed by western blotting, and RNA levels of XBP‑1s, CHOP and caspase‑3 genes were assessed by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR. The results suggested that PGPIPN attenuated alcoholic hepatocyte damage in animal models and reduced hepatocyte oxidative stress in a dose‑dependent manner. Moreover, PGPIPN reduced endoplasmic reticulum stress by regulating the expression levels of p‑PERK, p‑eIF‑2α, XBP‑1s, CHOP, caspase‑3 and cleaved caspase‑3. Collectively, the present results indicated that PGPIPN, as a potential therapeutic drug for AALI, exerted a protective effect on the liver and could reduce liver damage.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

View References

1 

Marroni CA, Fleck AM Jr, Fernandes SA, Galant LH, Mucenic M, de Mattos Meine MH, Mariante-Neto G and Brandão ABM: Liver transplantation and alcoholic liver disease: History, controversies, and considerations. World J Gastroenterol. 24:2785–2805. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Jiang Z, Wang J, Xue H, Wang M, Jiang H, Liang Y, Dias AC, Gregory M, Chen C and Zhang X: Protective effect of wild Corni fructus methanolic extract against acute alcoholic liver injury in mice. Redox Rep. 22:338–345. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Louvet A and Mathurin P: Alcoholic liver disease: Mechanisms of injury and targeted treatment. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 12:231–242. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

O'Shea RS, Dasarathy S and McCullough AJ; Practice Guideline Committee of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases; Practice Parameters Committee of the American College of Gastroenterology: Alcoholic liver disease. Hepatology. 51:307–328. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Torruellas C, French SW and Medici V: Diagnosis of alcoholic liver disease. World J Gastroentero. 20:11684–11699. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Stickel F, Datz C, Hampe J and Bataller R: Erratum: Pathophysiology and management of alcoholic liver disease: Update 2016. Gut Liver. 11:4472017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Liu Y, Chen X, Qiu M, Chen W, Zeng Z and Chen Y: Emodin ameliorates ethanol-induced fatty liver injury in mice. Pharmacology. 94:71–77. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Stickel F, Datz C, Hampe J and Bataller R: Pathophysiology and management of alcoholic liver disease: Update 2016. Gut Liver. 11:173–188. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Marcone S, Haughton K, Simpson PJ, Belton O and Fitzgerald DJ: Milk-derived bioactive peptides inhibit human endothelial-monocyte interactions via PPAR-γ dependent regulation of NF-κB. J Inflamm (Lond). 12:12015. View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Saadi S, Saari N, Anwar F, Abdul Hamid A and Ghazali HM: Recent advances in food biopeptides: Production, biological functionalities and therapeutic applications. Biotechnology Advances. 33:80–116. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Gokhale AS and Satyanarayanajois S: Peptides and peptidomimetics as immunomodulators. Immunotherapy. 6:755–774. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Lonnerdal B: Nutritional and physiologic significance of human milk proteins. Am J Clin Nutr. 77:1537S–1543S. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Qi N, Liu C, Yang H, Shi W, Wang S, Zhou Y, Wei C, Gu F and Qin Y: Therapeutic hexapeptide (PGPIPN) prevents and cures alcoholic fatty liver disease by affecting the expressions of genes related with lipid metabolism and oxidative stress. Oncotarget. 8:88079–88093. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Wu Y, Pan X, Zhang S, Wang W, Cai M, Li Y, Yang F and Guo H: Protective effect of corn peptides against alcoholic liver injury in men with chronic alcohol consumption: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. Lipids Health Dis. 13:1922014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Meisel H: Biochemical properties of regulatory peptides derived from milk proteins. Biopolymers. 43:119–128. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Gevaert B, Veryser L, Verbeke F, Wynendaele E and De Spiegeleer B: Fish hydrolysates: A regulatory perspective of bioactive peptides. Protein Pept Lett. 23:1052–1060. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Kanwar JR, Kanwar RK, Sun X, Punj V, Matta H, Morley SM, Parratt A, Puri M and Sehgal R: Molecular and biotechnological advances in milk proteins in relation to human health. Curr Protein Pept Sci. 10:308–338. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Gill HS, Doull F, Rutherfurd KJ and Cross ML: Immunoregulatory peptides in bovine milk. Br J Nutr. 84(Suppl 1): S111–S117. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Fiat AM, Migliore-Samour D, Jolles P, Drouet L, Bal dit Sollier C and Caen J: Biologically active peptides from milk proteins with emphasis on two examples concerning antithrombotic and immunomodulating activities. J Dairy Sci. 76:301–310. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Meisel H and FitzGerald RJ: Biofunctional peptides from milk proteins: Mineral binding and cytomodulatory effects. Curr Pharm Des. 9:1289–1295. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Zhao M, Wei C, Yang X, Zhou J, Wang J, Gu F, Lei T and Qin Y: The milk-derived hexapeptide PGPIPN inhibits the invasion and migration of human ovarian cancer cells by regulating the expression of MTA1 and NM23H1 genes. Int J Oncol. 48:1721–1729. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Green MR and Sambrook J and Sambrook J: Molecular cloning: A laboratory manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; Cold Spring Harbor, NY: 2012

24 

Lv SX and Qiao X: Isovitexin (IV) induces apoptosis and autophagy in liver cancer cells through endoplasmic reticulum stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 496:1047–1054. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Wang W, Gu F, Wei C, Tang Y, Zheng X, Ren M and Qin Y: PGPIPN, a therapeutic hexapeptide, suppressed human ovarian cancer growth by targeting BCL2. PLoS One. 8:e607012013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Phelan M and Kerins D: The potential role of milk-derived peptides in cardiovascular disease. Food Funct. 2:153–167. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Kreider RB, Iosia M, Cooke M, Hudson G, Rasmussen C, Chen H, Mollstedt O and Tsai MH: Bioactive properties and clinical safety of a novel milk protein peptide. Nutr J. 10:992011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Purohit V, Gao B and Song BJ: Molecular mechanisms of alcoholic fatty liver. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 33:191–205. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar :

29 

You M, Jogasuria A, Taylor C and Wu J: Sirtuin 1 signaling and alcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr. 4:88–100. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

30 

Qu BG, Wang H, Jia YG, Su JL, Wang ZD, Wang YF, Han XH, Liu YX, Pan JD and Ren GY: Changes in tumor necrosis factor-alpha, heat shock protein 70, malondialdehyde, and super-oxide dismutase in patients with different severities of alcoholic fatty liver disease: A prospective observational study. Medicine Baltimore. 94:e6432015. View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Abdelmegeed MA, Banerjee A, Jang S, Yoo SH, Yun JW, Gonzalez FJ, Keshavarzian A and Song BJ: CYP2E1 potentiates binge alcohol-induced gut leakiness, steatohepatitis, and apop-tosis. Free Radic Biol Med. 65:1238–1245. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Zhou JY, Jiang ZA, Zhao CY, Zhen Z, Wang W and Nanji AA: Long-term binge and escalating ethanol exposure causes necro-inflammation and fibrosis in rat liver. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 37:213–222. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Cederbaum AI: Alcohol metabolism. Clin Liver Dis. 16:667–685. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Ding H and Wen Z: Overexpression of C-sis inhibits H2O2-induced Buffalo rat liver cell apoptosis in vitro and alleviates liver injury in a rat model of fulminant hepatic failure. Int J Mol Med. 42:873–882. 2018.PubMed/NCBI

35 

Xing H, Jia K, He J, Shi C, Fang M, Song L, Zhang P, Zhao Y, Fu J and Li S: Establishment of the tree shrew as an alcohol-induced fatty liver model for the study of alcoholic liver diseases. PLoS One. 10:e01282532015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

He Y, Liu Q, Li Y, Yang X, Wang W, Li T, Zhang W, Cui Y, Wang C and Lin R: Protective effects of hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) on alcohol-induced liver injury in rats. J Physiol Biochem. 71:69–78. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Kimura M, Yokoyama A and Higuchi S: Aldehyde dehydro-genase-2 as a therapeutic target. Expert Opin Ther Targets. 23:955–966. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Ding RB, Tian K, Cao YW, Bao JL, Wang M, He C, Hu Y, Su H and Wan JB: Protective effect of panax notoginseng saponins on acute ethanol-induced liver injury is associated with ameliorating hepatic lipid accumulation and reducing ethanol-mediated oxidative stress. J Agric Food Chem. 63:2413–2422. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Mehaffey E and Majid DSA: Tumor necrosis factor-α, kidney function, and hypertension. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 313:F1005–F1008. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar

40 

Slaats J, Ten Oever J, van de Veerdonk FL and Netea MG: IL-1β/IL-6/CRP and IL-18/ferritin: Distinct inflammatory programs in infections. PLoS Pathog. 12:e10059732016. View Article : Google Scholar

41 

Unver N and McAllister F: IL-6 family cytokines: Key inflammatory mediators as biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 41:10–17. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Wang H, Li J, Gai Z, Kullak-Ublick GA and Liu Z: TNF-α deficiency prevents renal inflammation and oxidative stress in obese mice. Kidney Blood Press Res. 42:416–427. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar

43 

Yang L, Sun YY, Liu YR, Yin NN, Bu FT, Yu HX, Du XS, Li J and Huang C: PTP1B promotes macrophage activation by regulating the NF-KB pathway in alcoholic liver injury. Toxicol Lett. 319:11–21. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar

44 

Lee JS, An Y, Yoon CJ, Kim JY, Kim KH, Freeman AF, Yim JJ, Shin EC, Holland SM, Lee EY and Ju YS: Germline gain-of-function mutation of STAT1 rescued by somatic mosaicism in immune dysregulation-polyendocrinopathy-enteropathy-X-linked-like disorder. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 145:1017–1021. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar

45 

Starkel P, Schnabl B, Leclercq S, Komuta M, Bataller R, Argemi J, Palma E, Chokshi S, Hellerbrand C, Maccioni L, et al: Deficient IL-6/Stat3 signaling, high TLR7, and type I interferons in early human alcoholic liver disease: A triad for liver damage and fibrosis. Hepatol Commun. 3:867–882. 2019.PubMed/NCBI

46 

Senft D and Ronai ZA: UPR, autophagy, and mitochondria crosstalk underlies the ER stress response. Trends Biochem Sci. 40:141–148. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Shimizu A, Kaira K, Yasuda M, Asao T and Ishikawa O: Clinical and pathological significance of er stress marker (BiP/GRP78 and PERK) expression in malignant melanoma. Pathol Oncol Res. 23:111–116. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar

48 

Kouznetsova VL, Hu H, Teigen K, Zanetti M and Tsigelny IF: Cripto stabilizes GRP78 on the cell membrane. Protein Sci. 27:653–661. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar :

49 

Li Y, Guo Y, Tang J, Jiang J and Chen Z: New insights into the roles of CHOP-induced apoptosis in ER stress. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai). 46:629–640. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

50 

Malhi H and Kaufman RJ: Endoplasmic reticulum stress in liver disease. J Hepatol. 54:795–809. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

51 

Jo HJ, Yang JW, Park JH, Choi ES, Lim CS, Lee S and Han CY: Endoplasmic reticulum stress increases DUSP5 expression via PERK-CHOP pathway, leading to hepatocyte death. Int J Mol Sci. 20:43692019. View Article : Google Scholar :

52 

Yakin M, Seo B and Rich A: Tunicamycin-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress up-regulates tumour-promoting cytokines in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cytokine. 120:130–143. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

53 

Chen HP, Zhou Y, Qin XF, Wang L, Lin XF, Chen H and Hu YB: Endoplasmic reticulum stress regulates autophagy and tumor necrosis factor-α secretion of RAW264.7 cells induced by silica. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi. 38:91–95. 2020.In Chinese. PubMed/NCBI

54 

Pinto AP, da Rocha AL, Cabrera EMB, Marafon BB, Kohama EB, Rovina RL, Simabuco FM, Bueno Junior CR, de Moura LP, Pauli JR, et al: Role of interleukin-6 in inhibiting hepatic autophagy markers in exercised mice. Cytokine. 130:1550852020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

55 

Fiedorowicz E, Jarmolowska B, Iwan M, Kostyra E, Obuchowicz R and Obuchowicz M: The influence of µ-opioid receptor agonist and antagonist peptides on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Peptides. 32:707–712. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Xu Q, Xi H, Chen X, Xu Y, Wang P, Li J, Wei W, Gu F and Qin Y: Milk‑derived hexapeptide PGPIPN prevents and attenuates acute alcoholic liver injury in mice by reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress. Int J Mol Med 46: 1107-1117, 2020.
APA
Xu, Q., Xi, H., Chen, X., Xu, Y., Wang, P., Li, J. ... Qin, Y. (2020). Milk‑derived hexapeptide PGPIPN prevents and attenuates acute alcoholic liver injury in mice by reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 46, 1107-1117. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2020.4643
MLA
Xu, Q., Xi, H., Chen, X., Xu, Y., Wang, P., Li, J., Wei, W., Gu, F., Qin, Y."Milk‑derived hexapeptide PGPIPN prevents and attenuates acute alcoholic liver injury in mice by reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 46.3 (2020): 1107-1117.
Chicago
Xu, Q., Xi, H., Chen, X., Xu, Y., Wang, P., Li, J., Wei, W., Gu, F., Qin, Y."Milk‑derived hexapeptide PGPIPN prevents and attenuates acute alcoholic liver injury in mice by reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 46, no. 3 (2020): 1107-1117. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2020.4643
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Xu Q, Xi H, Chen X, Xu Y, Wang P, Li J, Wei W, Gu F and Qin Y: Milk‑derived hexapeptide PGPIPN prevents and attenuates acute alcoholic liver injury in mice by reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress. Int J Mol Med 46: 1107-1117, 2020.
APA
Xu, Q., Xi, H., Chen, X., Xu, Y., Wang, P., Li, J. ... Qin, Y. (2020). Milk‑derived hexapeptide PGPIPN prevents and attenuates acute alcoholic liver injury in mice by reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 46, 1107-1117. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2020.4643
MLA
Xu, Q., Xi, H., Chen, X., Xu, Y., Wang, P., Li, J., Wei, W., Gu, F., Qin, Y."Milk‑derived hexapeptide PGPIPN prevents and attenuates acute alcoholic liver injury in mice by reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 46.3 (2020): 1107-1117.
Chicago
Xu, Q., Xi, H., Chen, X., Xu, Y., Wang, P., Li, J., Wei, W., Gu, F., Qin, Y."Milk‑derived hexapeptide PGPIPN prevents and attenuates acute alcoholic liver injury in mice by reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 46, no. 3 (2020): 1107-1117. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2020.4643
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team