Gut microbiota metabolites as integral mediators in cardiovascular diseases (Review)

Zhu,Ying; Shui,Xiaorong; Liang,Zheng; Huang,Zufeng; Qi,Yi; He,Yuan; Chen,Can; Luo,Hui; Lei,Wei

doi:10.3892/ijmm.2020.4674

Gut microbiota metabolites as integral mediators in cardiovascular diseases (Review)

Authors:
- Ying Zhu
- Xiaorong Shui
- Zheng Liang
- Zufeng Huang
- Yi Qi
- Yuan He
- Can Chen
- Hui Luo
- Wei Lei
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Affiliations: Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China, Laboratory of Vascular Surgery, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China, Cardiovascular Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
Published online on: July 13, 2020 https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2020.4674
Pages: 936-948
Copyright: © Zhu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, myocardial infarction and diabetic heart disease, are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide, and may also induce multiple organ failure in their later stages, greatly reducing the long‑term survival of the patients. There are several causes of CVDs, but after nearly a decade of investigation, researchers have found that CVDs are usually accompanied by an imbalance of gut microbiota and a decreased abundance of flora. More importantly, the metabolites produced by intestinal flora, such as trimethylamine and trimethylamine N‑oxide, bile acids, short‑chain fatty acids and aromatic amino acids, exert different effects on the occurrence and development of CVDs, as observed in the relevant pathways in the cells, which may either promote or protect against CVD occurrence. It is known that changes in the intestinal flora following antibiotic administration, diet supplementation with probiotics, or exercise, can interfere with the composition of the intestinal flora and may represent an effective approach to preventing or treating CVDs. The focus of this review was the analysis of gut microbiota metabolites to elucidate their effects on CVDs and to identify the most cost‑effective and beneficial methods for treating CVDs with minimal side effects.

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