Bromamine T, a stable active bromine compound, prevents the LPS‑induced inflammatory response

Baliou,Stella; Sofopoulos,Michael; Goulielmaki,Maria; Spandidos,Demetrios A.; Ioannou,Petros; Kyriakopoulos,Anthony M.; Zoumpourlis,Vassilios

doi:10.3892/ijmm.2021.4870

Bromamine T, a stable active bromine compound, prevents the LPS‑induced inflammatory response

Authors:
- Stella Baliou
- Michael Sofopoulos
- Maria Goulielmaki
- Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Petros Ioannou
- Anthony M. Kyriakopoulos
- Vassilios Zoumpourlis
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Affiliations: National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece, Department of Surgical Pathology, Saint Savvas Anticancer Hospital of Athens, 11522 Athens, Greece, Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece, Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece, Nasco AD Biotechnology Laboratory, 18536 Pireus, Greece
Published online on: February 3, 2021 https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2021.4870
Article Number: 37
Copyright: © Baliou et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Inflammation is the most common cause of most acute and chronic debilitating diseases. Towards unveiling novel therapeutic options for patients with such complications, N‑bromotaurine (TauNHBr) has emerged as a potential anti‑inflammatory agent; however, its therapeutic efficacy is hindered due to its relatively poor stability. To address this challenge, the present study focused on examining the effects of a stable active bromine compound, named bromamine T (BAT). The present study examined the protective properties of BAT against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑mediated inflammation in vitro, by using LPS‑stimulated murine J774.A1 macrophages (Mφs), as well as in vivo, by using a murine LPS‑mediated air‑pouch model. Additionally, its efficacy was compared with that of taurine, a known potent anti‑inflammatory molecule. In LPS‑stimulated J774A.1 Mφs, BAT and taurine were very effective in reducing the secretion of pro‑inflammatory mediators. The in vitro experiments indicated that LPS‑mediated inflammation was attenuated due to the protective properties of BAT and of taurine, probably through the inhibition of phosphorylated p65 NF‑κB subunit (Ser 536) nuclear translocation. The in vivo experiments also revealed that BAT and taurine inhibited LPS‑mediated inflammation by reducing total cell/polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) infiltration in the air‑pouch and by decreasing pouch wall thickness. The analysis of exudates obtained from pouches highlighted that the inhibitory effects of BAT and taurine on the secretion of pro‑inflammatory cytokines were similar to those observed in vitro. Notably, the effect of BAT at the highest concentration tested was superior to that of taurine at the highest concentration. Taken together, the findings of the present study indicate that BAT prevents the LPS‑induced inflammatory response both in vitro and in vivo.

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