Open Access

IRF1 regulates the progression of colorectal cancer via interferon‑induced proteins

  • Authors:
    • Xiaohui Xu
    • Yong Wu
    • Ke Yi
    • Yan Hu
    • Weiqun Ding
    • Chungen Xing
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: April 15, 2021     https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2021.4937
  • Article Number: 104
  • Copyright: © Xu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Radiation is one of the main methods for the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) before or after surgery. However, radiotherapy tolerance of patients with CRC is often a major concern. Interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) is a member of the IRF family and is involved in the development of multiple diseases, including tumors. The present study investigated the role of IRF1 in the development and radiation sensitivity of CRC. Immunohistochemistry was performed to examine the expression levels of IRF1 in tissue samples from patients with CRC, as well as in nude mice. MTT, 5‑ethynyl‑20‑deoxyuridine, colony formation, cell cycle alteration and apoptosis assays were performed in CRC cell lines. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to detect the expression levels of a series of proteins. RNA sequencing was applied to identify genes whose expression was upregulated by IRF1 overexpression. Xenograft nude mouse models and hematoxylin and eosin staining were used to validate the present findings in vivo. It was revealed that the expression levels of IRF1 were significantly lower in CRC tissues than in adjacent tissues. IRF1 upregulation inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation, caused G1 cell arrest, promoted cell apoptosis, and enhanced the sensitivity of CRC cells to X‑ray irradiation. The role of IRF1 in promoting the radiosensitivity of CRC was further demonstrated in nude mice with CRC xenografts. In addition, RNA sequencing revealed that overexpression of IRF1 in CRC cells significantly increased the expression levels of interferon‑induced protein family members interferon α inducible protein 6, interferon induced transmembrane protein 1 and interferon induced protein 35 (fold change >2.0). In summary, the present study demonstrated that the upregulation of IRF1 inhibited the progression and promoted the radiosensitivity of CRC, likely by regulating interferon‑induced proteins.
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June-2021
Volume 47 Issue 6

Print ISSN: 1107-3756
Online ISSN:1791-244X

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Copy and paste a formatted citation
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Spandidos Publications style
Xu X, Wu Y, Yi K, Hu Y, Ding W and Xing C: IRF1 regulates the progression of colorectal cancer via interferon‑induced proteins. Int J Mol Med 47: 104, 2021
APA
Xu, X., Wu, Y., Yi, K., Hu, Y., Ding, W., & Xing, C. (2021). IRF1 regulates the progression of colorectal cancer via interferon‑induced proteins. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 47, 104. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2021.4937
MLA
Xu, X., Wu, Y., Yi, K., Hu, Y., Ding, W., Xing, C."IRF1 regulates the progression of colorectal cancer via interferon‑induced proteins". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 47.6 (2021): 104.
Chicago
Xu, X., Wu, Y., Yi, K., Hu, Y., Ding, W., Xing, C."IRF1 regulates the progression of colorectal cancer via interferon‑induced proteins". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 47, no. 6 (2021): 104. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2021.4937