|
1.
|
Sauer R, Becker H, Hohenberger W, et al:
Preoperative versus postoperative chemoradiotherapy for rectal
cancer. N Engl J Med. 351:1731–1740. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
2.
|
Sebag-Montefiore D, Stephens RJ, Steele R,
et al: Preoperative radiotherapy versus selective postoperative
chemoradiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer (MRC CR07 and
NCIC-CTG C016): a multicentre, randomised trial. Lancet.
373:811–820. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
3.
|
Bosset JF, Collette L, Calais G, et al:
Chemotherapy with preoperative radiotherapy in rectal cancer. N
Engl J Med. 355:1114–1123. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
4.
|
Guillem JG, Chessin DB, Cohen AM, et al:
Long-term oncologic outcome following preoperative combined
modality therapy and total mesorectal excision of locally advanced
rectal cancer. Ann Surg. 241:829–838. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
5.
|
Barker N, van Es JH, Kuipers J, et al:
Identification of stem cells in small intestine and colon by marker
gene Lgr5. Nature. 449:1003–1007. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
6.
|
Becker L, Huang Q and Mashimo H:
Immunostaining of Lgr5, an intestinal stem cell marker, in normal
and premalignant human gastrointestinal tissue. Sci World J.
8:1168–1176. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
7.
|
Haegebarth A and Clevers H: Wnt signaling,
lgr5, and stem cells in the intestine and skin. Am J Pathol.
174:715–721. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
8.
|
Sato T, Vries RG, Snippert HJ, et al:
Single Lgr5 stem cells build crypt-villus structures in vitro
without a mesenchymal niche. Nature. 459:262–265. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
9.
|
Barker N, Ridgway RA, van Es JH, et al:
Crypt stem cells as the cells-of-origin of intestinal cancer.
Nature. 457:608–611. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
10.
|
Uchida H, Yamazaki K, Fukuma M, et al:
Overexpression of leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled
receptor 5 in colorectal cancer. Cancer Sci. 101:1731–1737. 2010.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
11.
|
Ponta H, Sherman L and Herrlich PA: CD44:
from adhesion molecules to signalling regulators. Nat Rev Mol Cell
Biol. 4:33–45. 2003. View
Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
12.
|
Nagano O and Saya H: Mechanism and
biological significance of CD44 cleavage. Cancer Sci. 95:930–935.
2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
13.
|
Reya T, Morrison SJ, Clarke MF, et al:
Stem cells, cancer, and cancer stem cells. Nature. 414:105–111.
2001. View
Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
14.
|
Vermeulen L, Sprick MR, Kemper K, et al:
Cancer stem cells - old concepts, new insights. Cell Death Differ.
15:947–958. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
15.
|
Thenappan A, Li Y, Shetty K, et al: New
therapeutics targeting colon cancer stem cells. Curr Colorectal
Cancer Rep. 5:2092009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
16.
|
Marhaba R and Zoller M: CD44 in cancer
progression: adhesion, migration and growth regulation. J Mol
Histol. 35:211–231. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
17.
|
Subramaniam V, Vincent IR, Gardner H, et
al: CD44 regulates cell migration in human colon cancer cells via
Lyn kinase and AKT phosphorylation. Exp Mol Pathol. 83:207–215.
2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
18.
|
Jothy S: CD44 and its partners in
metastasis. Clin Exp Metastasis. 20:195–201. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
19.
|
Lopez JI, Camenisch TD, Stevens MV, et al:
CD44 attenuates metastatic invasion during breast cancer
progression. Cancer Res. 65:6755–6763. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
20.
|
Lakshman M, Subramaniam V, Rubenthiran U,
et al: CD44 promotes resistance to apoptosis in human colon cancer
cells. Exp Mol Pathol. 77:18–25. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
21.
|
Zeki SS, Graham TA and Wright NA: Stem
cells and their implications for colorectal cancer. Nat Rev
Gastroenterol Hepatol. 8:90–100. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
22.
|
Wielenga VJ, Smits R, Korinek V, et al:
Expression of CD44 in Apc and Tcf mutant mice implies regulation by
the WNT pathway. Am J Pathol. 154:515–523. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
23.
|
Kim BM, Mao J, Taketo MM, et al: Phases of
canonical Wnt signaling during the development of mouse intestinal
epithelium. Gastroenterology. 133:529–538. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
24.
|
Yoshikawa R, Kusunoki M, Yanagi H, et al:
Dual antitumor effects of 5-fluorouracil on the cell cycle in
colorectal carcinoma cells: a novel target mechanism concept for
pharmacokinetic modulating chemotherapy. Cancer Res. 61:1029–1037.
2001.
|
|
25.
|
Fowler JF: The linear-quadratic formula
and progress in fractionated radiotherapy. Br J Radiol. 62:679–694.
1989. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
26.
|
Viani GA, Stefano EJ, Soares FV, et al:
Evaluation of biologic effective dose and schedule of fractionation
for preoperative radiotherapy for rectal cancer: meta-analyses and
meta-regression. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 80:985–991. 2011.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
27.
|
Rodel C, Martus P, Papadoupolos T, et al:
Prognostic significance of tumor regression after preoperative
chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 23:8688–8696.
2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
28.
|
Ryan R, Gibbons D, Hyland JM, et al:
Pathological response following long-course neoadjuvant
chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer.
Histopathology. 47:141–146. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
29.
|
Saigusa S, Tanaka K, Toiyama Y, et al:
Correlation of CD133, OCT4, and SOX2 in rectal cancer and their
association with distant recurrence after chemoradiotherapy. Ann
Surg Oncol. 16:3488–3498. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
30.
|
Bijwaard KE, Aguilera NS, Monczak Y, et
al: Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR assay for
cyclin D1 expression: utility in the diagnosis of mantle cell
lymphoma. Clin Chem. 47:195–201. 2001.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
31.
|
Watanabe T: Chemoradiotherapy and adjuvant
chemotherapy for rectal cancer. Int J Clin Oncol. 13:488–497. 2008.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
32.
|
Bao S, Wu Q, McLendon RE, et al: Glioma
stem cells promote radioresistance by preferential activation of
the DNA damage response. Nature. 444:756–760. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
33.
|
Reya T and Clevers H: Wnt signalling in
stem cells and cancer. Nature. 434:843–850. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
34.
|
Kanwar SS, Yu Y, Nautiyal J, et al: The
Wnt/beta-catenin pathway regulates growth and maintenance of
colonospheres. Mol Cancer. 9:2122010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
35.
|
Takahashi H, Ishii H, Nishida N, et al:
Significance of Lgr5(+ve) cancer stem cells in the colon and
rectum. Ann Surg Oncol. 18:1166–1174. 2011.
|
|
36.
|
Choi SH, Takahashi K, Eto H, et al: CD44s
expression in human colon carcinomas influences growth of liver
metastases. Int J Cancer. 85:523–526. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
37.
|
Mulder JW, Wielenga VJ, Polak MM, et al:
Expression of mutant p53 protein and CD44 variant proteins in
colorectal tumorigenesis. Gut. 36:76–80. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
