Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Oncology
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1019-6439 Online ISSN: 1791-2423
Journal Cover
June 2013 Volume 42 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Cover Legend PDF

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
June 2013 Volume 42 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Cover Legend PDF

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Phenotypic characterization of human prostatic stromal cells in primary cultures derived from human tissue samples

  • Authors:
    • Giovanni Luca Gravina
    • Andrea Mancini
    • Guido Ranieri
    • Boris Di Pasquale
    • Francesco Marampon
    • Luigi Di Clemente
    • Enrico Ricevuto
    • Claudio Festuccia
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Radiobiology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Division of Radiation Oncology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy, Division of Urology, Ospedale San Salvatore L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Division of Medical Oncology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
  • Pages: 2116-2122
    |
    Published online on: April 10, 2013
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2013.1892
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Emerging evidence has shown that the tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role in prostate cancer (PCa) development and progression. However, the mechanism(s) through which stromal cells regulate epithelial cells and the differences among prostatic stromal cells of different histological/pathological origin in PCa progression remain unclear. Therefore, it is necessary to characterize the stromal cell populations present in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and PCa. To this end, we used cultures from stromal cells obtained from BPH-derived (15 cases) and PCa-derived (30 cases) primary cultures. In culture, stromal cells are a mixture of fibroblasts, myofibroblasts (MFs) and muscle cells. Fibroblasts are characterized for the expression of vimentin, MFs for the co-expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and vimentin, whereas muscle cells for the expression of α-SMA and desmin. Fibroblasts were present in large amounts in the BPH- compared to the PCa-derived cultures, whereas MFs were more representative of PCa- as opposed to BPH-derived cultures. Some α-SMA-positive cells retained the expression of basal cytokeratin K14. This population was defined as myoepithelial cells and was associated with senescent cultures. The percentage of MFs was higher in high-grade compared to moderate- and low-grade PCa-derived cultures, whereas the number of myoepithelial cells was lower in high-grade compared to moderate- and low-grade PCa-derived cultures. In addition, we analyzed the expression of p75NTR, as well as the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9 and tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs). p75NTR expression was elevated in the stromal cultures derived from PCa compared to those derived from BPH and in cultures derived from cases with Gleason scores ≥7 compared to those derived from cases with Gleason scores <7, as well as in cultures with a high concentration of MFs compared to those with a high concentration of fibroblasts. MMP-2 was secreted by all primary cultures, whereas MMP-9 secretion was observed only in some PCa-derived stromal cells, when the percentage of MFs was significantly higher compared to BPH-derived cultures. TIMP1, TIMP2 and TIMP3 were secreted in elevated amounts in the BPH- compared to the PCa-derived stromal cultures, suggesting the differential regulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. When we used 22rv1 and PC3 PCa xenograft models for the isolation and characterization of murine cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) we noted that the angiogenic wave was concurrent with the appearance of a reactive stroma phenotype, as determined by staining for α-SMA, vimentin, tenascin, calponin, desmin and Masson's trichrome. In conclusion, MF stromal cells from PCa participate in the progression and metastasis of PCa, modualting inflammation, angiogenesis and epithelial cancer cell proliferation.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

View References

1 

Barron DA and Rowley DR: The reactive stroma microenvironment and prostate cancer progression. Endocr Relat Cancer. 19:R187–R204. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Ammirante M, Luo JL, Grivennikov S, Nedospasov S and Karin M: B-cell-derived lymphotoxin promotes castration-resistant prostate cancer. Nature. 464:302–305. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Iacopino F, Angelucci C and Sica G: Interactions between normal human fibroblasts and human prostate cancer cells in a co-culture system. Anticancer Res. 32:1579–1588. 2012.PubMed/NCBI

4 

Grubisha MJ, Cifuentes ME, Hammes SR and Defranco DB: A local paracrine and endocrine network involving TGFβ, Cox-2, ROS, and estrogen receptor β influences reactive stromal cell regulation of prostate cancer cell motility. Mol Endocrinol. 26:940–954. 2012.PubMed/NCBI

5 

Hayward SW, Wang Y, Cao M, Hom YK, Zhang B, Grossfeld GD, Sudilovsky D and Cunha GR: Malignant transformation in a nontumorigenic human prostatic epithelial cell line. Cancer Res. 61:8135–8142. 2001.PubMed/NCBI

6 

Cunha GR, Hayward SW, Wang YZ and Ricke WA: Role of the stromal microenvironment in carcinogenesis of the prostate. Int J Cancer. 107:1–10. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Olumi AF, Grossfeld GD, Hayward SW, Carroll PR, Tlsty TD and Cunha GR: Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts direct tumor progression of initiated human prostatic epithelium. Cancer Res. 59:5002–5011. 1999.PubMed/NCBI

8 

Barclay WW, Woodruff RD, Hall MC and Cramer SD: A system for studying epithelial-stromal interactions reveals distinct inductive abilities of stromal cells from benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer. Endocrinology. 146:13–18. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Ricke EA, Williams K, Lee YF, Couto S, Wang Y, Hayward SW, Cunha GR and Ricke WA: Androgen hormone action in prostatic carcinogenesis: stromal androgen receptors mediate prostate cancer progression, malignant transformation and metastasis. Carcinogenesis. 33:1391–1398. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Tanner MJ, Welliver RC Jr, Chen M, Shtutman M, Godoy A, Smith G, Mian BM and Buttyan R: Effects of androgen receptor and androgen on gene expression in prostate stromal fibroblasts and paracrine signaling to prostate cancer cells. PLoS One. 6:e160272011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Lai KP, Yamashita S, Huang CK, Yeh S and Chang C: Loss of stromal androgen receptor leads to suppressed prostate tumourigenesis via modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines. EMBO Mol Med. 4:791–807. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Li X, Sterling JA, Fan KH, Vessella RL, Shyr Y, Hayward SW, Matrisian LM and Bhowmick NA: Loss of TGF-β responsiveness in prostate stromal cells alters chemokine levels and facilitates the development of mixed osteoblastic/osteolytic bone lesions. Mol Cancer Res. 10:494–503. 2012.

13 

Delsite R and Djakiew D: Characterization of nerve growth factor precursor protein expression by human prostate stromal cells: a role in selective neurotrophin stimulation of prostate epithelial cell growth. Prostate. 41:39–48. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Krygier S and Djakiew D: The neurotrophin receptor p75NTR is a tumor suppressor in human prostate cancer. Anticancer Res. 21:3749–3755. 2001.PubMed/NCBI

15 

Festuccia C, Gravina GL, Muzi P, Pomante R, Ventura L, Ricevuto E, Vicentini C and Bologna M: In vitro and in vivo effects of bicalutamide on the expression of TrkA and P75 neurotrophin receptors in prostate carcinoma. Prostate. 67:1255–1264. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Rende M, Rambotti MG, Stabile AM, Pistilli A, Montagnoli C, Chiarelli MT and Mearini E: Novel localization of low affinity NGF receptor (p75) in the stroma of prostate cancer and possible implication in neoplastic invasion: an immunohistochemical and ultracytochemical study. Prostate. 70:555–561. 2010.PubMed/NCBI

17 

Festuccia C, Vincentini C, di Pasquale AB, Aceto G, Zazzeroni F, Miano L and Bologna M: Plasminogen activator activities in short-term tissue cultures of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatic carcinoma. Oncol Res. 7:131–138. 1995.PubMed/NCBI

18 

Festuccia C, Angelucci A, Gravina GL, Muzi P, Miano R, Vicentini C and Bologna M: Epithelial and prostatic marker expression in short-term primary cultures of human prostate tissue samples. Int J Oncol. 26:1353–1362. 2005.PubMed/NCBI

19 

Sugimoto H, Mundel TM, Kieran MW and Kalluri R: Identification of fibroblast heterogeneity in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Biol Ther. 5:1640–1646. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

De Wever O, Demetter P, Mareel M and Bracke M: Stromal myofibroblasts are drivers of invasive cancer growth. Int J Cancer. 123:2229–2238. 2008.PubMed/NCBI

21 

Festuccia C, Angelucci A, Gravina G, Eleuterio E, Vicentini C and Bologna M: Bombesin-dependent pro-MMP-9 activation in prostatic cancer cells requires beta1 integrin engagement. Exp Cell Res. 280:1–11. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Festuccia C, Dolo V, Guerra F, et al: Plasminogen activator system modulates invasive capacity and proliferation in prostatic tumor cells. Clin Exp Metastasis. 16:513–528. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Schor SL, Schor AM and Rushton G: Fibroblasts from cancer patients display a mixture of both foetal and adult-like phenotypic characteristics. J Cell Sci. 90:401–407. 1988.PubMed/NCBI

24 

Reinertsen T, Halgunset J, Viset T, Flatberg A, Haugsmoen LL and Skogseth H: Gene expressional changes in prostate fibroblasts from cancerous tissue. APMIS. 120:558–571. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Cifone MG, Botti D, Festuccia C, Napolitano T, del Grosso E, Cavallo G, Chessa MA and Santoni A: Involvement of phospholipase A2 activation and arachidonic acid metabolism in the cytotoxic functions of rat NK cells. Cell Immunol. 148:247–258. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Ayala G, Tuxhorn JA, Wheeler TM, et al: Reactive stroma as a predictor of biochemical- free recurrence in prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 9:4792–4801. 2003.PubMed/NCBI

27 

McAlhany SJ, Ayala GE, Frolov A, et al: Decreased stromal expression and increased epithelial expression of WFDC1/ps20 in prostate cancer is associated with reduced recurrence-free survival. Prostate. 61:182–191. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Orimo A, Gupta PB, Sgroi DC, et al: Stromal fibroblasts present in invasive human breast carcinomas promote tumor growth and angiogenesis through elevated SDF-1/CXCL12 secretion. Cell. 121:335–348. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Rowley DR: What might a stromal response mean to prostate cancer progression? Cancer Metastasis Rev. 17:411–419. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Tuxhorn JA, McAlhany SJ, Dang TD, Ayala GE and Rowley DR: Stromal cells promote angiogenesis and growth of human prostate tumors in a differential reactive stroma (DRS) xenograft model. Cancer Res. 62:3298–3307. 2002.PubMed/NCBI

31 

Thalmann GN, Rhee H, Sikes RA, Pathak S, Multani A, Zhau HE, Marshall FF and Chung LW: Human prostate fibroblasts induce growth and confer castration resistance and metastatic potential in LNCaP cells. Eur Urol. 58:162–171. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Goetz JG, Minguet S, Navarro-Lérida I, Lazcano JJ, Samaniego R, Calvo E, et al: Biomechanical remodeling of the microenvironment by stromal caveolin-1 favors tumor invasion and metastasis. Cell. 146:148–163. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Giatromanolaki A, Koukourakis MI, Koutsopoulos A, Mendrinos S and Sivridis E: The metabolic interactions between tumor cells and tumor-associated stroma (TAS) in prostatic cancer. Cancer Biol Ther. 13:Nov 1–2012, (Epub ahead of print).

34 

Freeman MR, Yang W and Di Vizio D: Caveolin-1 and prostate cancer progression. Adv Exp Med Biol. 729:95–110. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Giannoni E, Taddei ML, Parri M, Bianchini F, Santosuosso M, Grifantini R, Fibbi G, Mazzanti B, Calorini L and Chiarugi P: EphA2-mediated mesenchymal-amoeboid transition induced by endothelial progenitor cells enhances metastatic spread due to cancer-associated fibroblasts. J Mol Med (Berl). Aug 19–2012, (Epub ahead of print).

36 

Franco OE, Shaw AK, Strand DW and Hayward SW: Cancer associated fibroblasts in cancer pathogenesis. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 21:33–39. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Daja MM, Niu X, Zhao Z, Brown JM and Russell PJ: Characterization of expression of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in prostate cancer cell lines. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 6:15–26. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Wilson MJ, Sellers RG, Wiehr C, Melamud O, Pei D and Peehl DM: Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 and their inhibitors, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and -2, in primary cultures of human prostatic stromal and epithelial cells. J Cell Physiol. 191:208–216. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar

39 

Zhang J, Jung K, Lein M, Kristiansen G, Rudolph B, Hauptmann S, Schnorr D, Loening SA and Lichtinghagen R: Differential expression of matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors in human primary cultured prostatic cells and malignant prostate cell lines. Prostate. 50:38–45. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Gravina GL, Mancini A, Ranieri G, Di Pasquale B, Marampon F, Di Clemente L, Ricevuto E and Festuccia C: Phenotypic characterization of human prostatic stromal cells in primary cultures derived from human tissue samples. Int J Oncol 42: 2116-2122, 2013.
APA
Gravina, G.L., Mancini, A., Ranieri, G., Di Pasquale, B., Marampon, F., Di Clemente, L. ... Festuccia, C. (2013). Phenotypic characterization of human prostatic stromal cells in primary cultures derived from human tissue samples. International Journal of Oncology, 42, 2116-2122. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2013.1892
MLA
Gravina, G. L., Mancini, A., Ranieri, G., Di Pasquale, B., Marampon, F., Di Clemente, L., Ricevuto, E., Festuccia, C."Phenotypic characterization of human prostatic stromal cells in primary cultures derived from human tissue samples". International Journal of Oncology 42.6 (2013): 2116-2122.
Chicago
Gravina, G. L., Mancini, A., Ranieri, G., Di Pasquale, B., Marampon, F., Di Clemente, L., Ricevuto, E., Festuccia, C."Phenotypic characterization of human prostatic stromal cells in primary cultures derived from human tissue samples". International Journal of Oncology 42, no. 6 (2013): 2116-2122. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2013.1892
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Gravina GL, Mancini A, Ranieri G, Di Pasquale B, Marampon F, Di Clemente L, Ricevuto E and Festuccia C: Phenotypic characterization of human prostatic stromal cells in primary cultures derived from human tissue samples. Int J Oncol 42: 2116-2122, 2013.
APA
Gravina, G.L., Mancini, A., Ranieri, G., Di Pasquale, B., Marampon, F., Di Clemente, L. ... Festuccia, C. (2013). Phenotypic characterization of human prostatic stromal cells in primary cultures derived from human tissue samples. International Journal of Oncology, 42, 2116-2122. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2013.1892
MLA
Gravina, G. L., Mancini, A., Ranieri, G., Di Pasquale, B., Marampon, F., Di Clemente, L., Ricevuto, E., Festuccia, C."Phenotypic characterization of human prostatic stromal cells in primary cultures derived from human tissue samples". International Journal of Oncology 42.6 (2013): 2116-2122.
Chicago
Gravina, G. L., Mancini, A., Ranieri, G., Di Pasquale, B., Marampon, F., Di Clemente, L., Ricevuto, E., Festuccia, C."Phenotypic characterization of human prostatic stromal cells in primary cultures derived from human tissue samples". International Journal of Oncology 42, no. 6 (2013): 2116-2122. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2013.1892
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team