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International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

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Article

PX-12 inhibits the growth of A549 lung cancer cells via G2/M phase arrest and ROS-dependent apoptosis

  • Authors:
    • Bo Ra You
    • Hye Rim Shin
    • Woo Hyun Park
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Physiology, Medical School, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-180, Republic of Korea
  • Pages: 301-308
    |
    Published online on: October 29, 2013
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2013.2152
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Abstract

PX-12 (1-methylpropyl 2-imidazolyl disulfide) is an inhibitor of thioredoxin (Trx-1), which has antitumor effects. However, little is known about the toxicological effect of PX-12 on cancer cells. We investigated the anti-growth effects of PX-12 on A549 lung cancer cells in relation to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) levels. Based on MTT assays, PX-12 inhibited the growth of A549 cells with an IC50 of approximately 20 µM at 72 h. DNA flow cytometric analysis indicated that PX-12 significantly induced the G2/M phase arrest of the cell cycle in A549 cells. This agent also induced apoptotic cell death, as demonstrated by Annexin V-FITC staining cells and the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential MMP (∆ψm). In addition, the administration of Bax siRNA attenuated PX-12-induced A549 cell death. All the tested caspase inhibitors, especially Z-VAD significantly prevented apoptosis induced by PX-12. With respect to ROS and GSH levels, PX-12 increased ROS levels including O2•- in A549 cells and induced GSH depletion. N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) markedly reduced ROS levels in PX-12-treated A549 cells. NAC also prevented apoptotic cell death and GSH depletion induced by PX-12. This is the first report to show that PX-12 inhibits the growth of A549 cells via G2/M phase arrest, and Bax-mediated and ROS-dependent apoptosis.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
You BR, Shin HR and Park WH: PX-12 inhibits the growth of A549 lung cancer cells via G2/M phase arrest and ROS-dependent apoptosis. Int J Oncol 44: 301-308, 2014.
APA
You, B.R., Shin, H.R., & Park, W.H. (2014). PX-12 inhibits the growth of A549 lung cancer cells via G2/M phase arrest and ROS-dependent apoptosis. International Journal of Oncology, 44, 301-308. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2013.2152
MLA
You, B. R., Shin, H. R., Park, W. H."PX-12 inhibits the growth of A549 lung cancer cells via G2/M phase arrest and ROS-dependent apoptosis". International Journal of Oncology 44.1 (2014): 301-308.
Chicago
You, B. R., Shin, H. R., Park, W. H."PX-12 inhibits the growth of A549 lung cancer cells via G2/M phase arrest and ROS-dependent apoptosis". International Journal of Oncology 44, no. 1 (2014): 301-308. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2013.2152
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
You BR, Shin HR and Park WH: PX-12 inhibits the growth of A549 lung cancer cells via G2/M phase arrest and ROS-dependent apoptosis. Int J Oncol 44: 301-308, 2014.
APA
You, B.R., Shin, H.R., & Park, W.H. (2014). PX-12 inhibits the growth of A549 lung cancer cells via G2/M phase arrest and ROS-dependent apoptosis. International Journal of Oncology, 44, 301-308. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2013.2152
MLA
You, B. R., Shin, H. R., Park, W. H."PX-12 inhibits the growth of A549 lung cancer cells via G2/M phase arrest and ROS-dependent apoptosis". International Journal of Oncology 44.1 (2014): 301-308.
Chicago
You, B. R., Shin, H. R., Park, W. H."PX-12 inhibits the growth of A549 lung cancer cells via G2/M phase arrest and ROS-dependent apoptosis". International Journal of Oncology 44, no. 1 (2014): 301-308. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2013.2152
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