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The cnidarian origin of the proto-oncogenes NF-κB/STAT and WNT-like oncogenic pathway drives the ctenophores (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Joseph G. Sinkovics
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    Affiliations: St. Joseph Hospital's Cancer Institute Affiliated with the H.L. Moffitt Comprehensive Cancer Center; Department of Molecular Medicine, The University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
    Copyright: © Sinkovics et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 1211-1229
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    Published online on: July 23, 2015
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2015.3102
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Abstract

The cell survival pathways of the diploblastic early multicellular eukaryotic hosts contain and operate the molecular machinery resembling those of malignantly transformed individual cells of highly advanced multicellular hosts (including Homo). In the present review, the STAT/NF-κB pathway of the cnidarian Nematostella vectensis is compared with that of human tumors (malignant lymphomas, including Reed-Sternberg cells) pointing out similarities, including possible viral initiation in both cases. In the ctenophore genome and proteome, β-catenin gains intranuclear advantages due to a physiologically weak destructive complex in the cytoplasm, and lack of natural inhibitors (the dickkopfs). Thus, a scenario similar to what tumor cells initiate and achieve is presented through several constitutive loss-of-function type mutations in the destructive complex and in the elimination of inhibitors. Vice versa, malignantly transformed individual cells of advanced multicellular hosts assume pheno-genotypic resemblance to cells of unicellular or early multicellular hosts, and presumably to their ancient predecessors, by returning to the semblance of immortality and to the resumption of the state of high degree of resistance to physicochemical insults. Human leukemogenic and oncogenic pathways are presented for comparisons. The supreme bioengineers RNA/DNA complex encoded both the malignantly transformed immortal cell and the human cerebral cortex. The former generates molecules for the immortality of cellular life in the Universe. The latter invents the inhibitors of the process in order to gain control over it.
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Journal Information

Journal ID (publisher-id): IJO

Title: International Journal of Oncology

ISSN (print): 1019-6439

ISSN (electronic): 1791-2423

Publisher: D.A. Spandidos

Article Information

Copyright © 2015, Spandidos Publications

Copyright: 2015

License (open-access, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0):

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution License

Publication date (collection): October 2015

Volume: 47

Issue: 4

Page: 1229

Publisher ID: ijo-47-04-1211

Addendum

Int J Oncol 19: 473–488, 2001; DOI: 10.3892/ijo.19.3.473

The authors would like to acknowledge that the Coriphosphine O stain shown in the upper panel of Figure 8 was a kind gift from Dr T.P. Loughran of the H.L. Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.

Article Information (continued)

Categories:

Subject: Articles

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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Sinkovics JG: The cnidarian origin of the proto-oncogenes NF-κB/STAT and WNT-like oncogenic pathway drives the ctenophores (Review). Int J Oncol 47: 1211-1229, 2015.
APA
Sinkovics, J.G. (2015). The cnidarian origin of the proto-oncogenes NF-κB/STAT and WNT-like oncogenic pathway drives the ctenophores (Review). International Journal of Oncology, 47, 1211-1229. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2015.3102
MLA
Sinkovics, J. G."The cnidarian origin of the proto-oncogenes NF-κB/STAT and WNT-like oncogenic pathway drives the ctenophores (Review)". International Journal of Oncology 47.4 (2015): 1211-1229.
Chicago
Sinkovics, J. G."The cnidarian origin of the proto-oncogenes NF-κB/STAT and WNT-like oncogenic pathway drives the ctenophores (Review)". International Journal of Oncology 47, no. 4 (2015): 1211-1229. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2015.3102
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Sinkovics JG: The cnidarian origin of the proto-oncogenes NF-κB/STAT and WNT-like oncogenic pathway drives the ctenophores (Review). Int J Oncol 47: 1211-1229, 2015.
APA
Sinkovics, J.G. (2015). The cnidarian origin of the proto-oncogenes NF-κB/STAT and WNT-like oncogenic pathway drives the ctenophores (Review). International Journal of Oncology, 47, 1211-1229. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2015.3102
MLA
Sinkovics, J. G."The cnidarian origin of the proto-oncogenes NF-κB/STAT and WNT-like oncogenic pathway drives the ctenophores (Review)". International Journal of Oncology 47.4 (2015): 1211-1229.
Chicago
Sinkovics, J. G."The cnidarian origin of the proto-oncogenes NF-κB/STAT and WNT-like oncogenic pathway drives the ctenophores (Review)". International Journal of Oncology 47, no. 4 (2015): 1211-1229. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2015.3102
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