Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Oncology
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1019-6439 Online ISSN: 1791-2423
Journal Cover
November-2019 Volume 55 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Cover Legend PDF

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
November-2019 Volume 55 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Cover Legend PDF

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Sorafenib inhibits vascular endothelial cell proliferation stimulated by anaplastic thyroid cancer cells regardless of BRAF mutation status

  • Authors:
    • Sae Ishihara
    • Naoyoshi Onoda
    • Satoru Noda
    • Yuka Asano
    • Yukie Tauchi
    • Tamami Morisaki
    • Shinichiro Kashiwagi
    • Tsutomu Takashima
    • Masaichi Ohira
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545‑8585, Japan
    Copyright: © Ishihara et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 1069-1076
    |
    Published online on: September 19, 2019
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2019.4881
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a rare refractory disease, frequently associated with BRAF mutations and aberrant vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion. The antitumor effects of sorafenib were evaluated, and its mechanisms of action were investigated. Four human ATC cell lines were used: OCUT‑4, which possesses a BRAF mutation; OCUT‑6 and ACT‑1, which carry NRAS mutations; and OCUT‑2, which possesses mutations in BRAF and PI3KCA. The viability of Sorafenib was evaluated by MTT assay. In order to examine the inhibitory effect of Sorafenib on intracellular signal transduction, expression of mitogen‑activated protein kinase kinase was examined by western blotting. In addition, cell cycle analysis was performed using flow cytometry. The inhibitory effects of sorafenib on the growth of ATC cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) stimulated with conditioned media from ATC cells were examined. Sorafenib inhibited the viability of OCUT‑4 more effectively than other ATC cell lines; these effects may have been mediated cytostatically by suppressing mitogen‑activated protein kinase kinase phosphorylation. Conversely, similar suppression was not observed in OCUT‑6 cells, which possess an NRAS mutation. The four cell lines secreted different quantities of VEGF, and the proliferation of HUVECs was differentially stimulated by their conditioned media. Both anti‑VEGF antibody and sorafenib prevented this stimulation of proliferation. In conclusion, sorafenib more effectively inhibited RAF‑generated growth signals in ATC cells compared with signals generated by its upstream gene, RAS. ATC cells stimulated the growth of HUVECs via humoral factors, including VEGF; this effect was clearly inhibited by sorafenib. The present findings highlighted the potential of sorafenib for the treatment of ATC and provided insight into its mechanism of action.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

View References

1 

Sugitani I, Miyauchi A, Sugino K, Okamoto T, Yoshida A and Suzuki S: Prognostic factors and treatment outcomes for anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: ATC Research Consortium of Japan cohort study of 677 patients. World J Surg. 36:1247–1254. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Haymart MR, Banerjee M, Yin H, Worden F and Griggs JJ: Marginal treatment benefit in anaplastic thyroid cancer. Cancer. 119:3133–3139. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Chung SH, Onoda N, Ishikawa T, Ogisawa K, Takenaka C, Yano Y, Hato F and Hirakawa K: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma activation induces cell cycle arrest via the p53-independent pathway in human anaplastic thyroid cancer cells. Jpn J Cancer Res. 93:1358–1365. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Nobuhara Y, Onoda N, Yamashita Y, Yamasaki M, Ogisawa K, Takashima T, Ishikawa T and Hirakawa K: Efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor-targeted molecular therapy in anaplastic thyroid cancer cell lines. Br J Cancer. 92:1110–1116. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Kurata K, Onoda N, Noda S, Kashiwagi S, Asano Y, Hirakawa K and Ohira M: Growth arrest by activated BRAF and MEK inhibition in human anaplastic thyroid cancer cells. Int J Oncol. 49:2303–2308. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Onoda N, Nakamura M, Aomatsu N, Noda S, Kashiwagi S, Kurata K, Uchino S and Hirakawa K: Significant cytostatic effect of everolimus on a gefitinib-resistant anaplastic thyroid cancer cell line harboring PI3KCA gene mutation. Mol Clin Oncol. 3:522–526. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Kasaian K, Wiseman SM, Walker BA, Schein JE, Zhao Y, Hirst M, Moore RA, Mungall AJ, Marra MA and Jones SJ: The genomic and transcriptomic landscape of anaplastic thyroid cancer: Implications for therapy. BMC Cancer. 15:9842015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Molinaro E, Romei C, Biagini A, Sabini E, Agate L, Mazzeo S, Materazzi G, Sellari-Franceschini S, Ribechini A, Torregrossa L, et al: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: From clinicopathology to genetics and advanced therapies. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 13:644–660. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Yi H, Ye X, Long B, Ye T, Zhang L, Yan F, Yang Y and Li L: Inhibition of the AKT/mTOR pathway augments the anticancer effects of sorafenib in thyroid cancer. Cancer Biother Radiopharm. 32:176–183. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Llovet JM, Ricci S, Mazzaferro V, Hilgard P, Gane E, Blanc JF, de Oliveira AC, Santoro A, Raoul JL, Forner A, et al: Sorafenib in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 359:378–390. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Escudier B, Eisen T, Stadler WM, Szczylik C, Oudard S, Siebels M, Negrier S, Chevreau C, Solska E, Desai AA, et al: Sorafenib in advanced clear-cell renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 356:125–134. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Brose MS, Nutting CM, Jarzab B, Elisei R, Siena S, Bastholt L, de la Fouchardiere C, Pacini F, Paschke R, Shong YK, et al: Sorafenib in radioactive iodine-refractory, locally advanced or metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer: A randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 384:319–328. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Savvides P, Nagaiah G, Lavertu P, Fu P, Wright JJ, Chapman R, Wasman J, Dowlati A and Remick SC: Phase II trial of sorafenib in patients with advanced anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid. Thyroid. 23:600–604. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar :

14 

Ito Y, Onoda N, Ito KI, Sugitani I, Takahashi S, Yamaguchi I, Kabu K and Tsukada K: Sorafenib in japanese patients with locally advanced or metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid. 27:1142–1148. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Tahara M, Kiyota N, Yamazaki T, Chayahara N, Nakano K, Inagaki L, Toda K, Enokida T, Minami H, Imamura Y, et al: Lenvatinib for anaplastic thyroid cancer. Front Oncol. 7:252017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Sugitani I, Onoda N, Ito KI and Suzuki S: Management of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: The fruits from the ATC research consortium of Japan. J Nippon Med Sch. 85:18–27. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Brose MS, Worden FP, Newbold KL, Guo M and Hurria A: Effect of age on the efficacy and safety of lenvatinib in radio-iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer in the phase III SELECT trial. J Clin Oncol. 35:2692–2699. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Zaman A, Wu W and Bivona TG: Targeting oncogenic BRAF: Past, present, and future. Cancers (Basel). 11:E11972019. View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Sanz-Garcia E, Argiles G, Elez E and Tabernero J: BRAF mutant colorectal cancer: Prognosis, treatment, and new perspectives. Ann Oncol. 28:2648–2657. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Ascierto PA, Kirkwood JM, Grob JJ, Simeone E, Grimaldi AM, Maio M, Palmieri G, Testori A, Marincola FM and Mozzillo N: The role of BRAF V600 mutation in melanoma. J Transl Med. 10:852012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Schreuer M, Jansen Y, Planken S, Chevolet I, Seremet T, Kruse V and Neyns B: Combination of dabrafenib plus trametinib for BRAF and MEK inhibitor pretreated patients with advanced BRAFV600-mutant melanoma: An open-label, single arm, dual-centre, phase 2 clinical trial. Lancet Oncol. 18:464–472. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Planchard D, Besse B, Groen HJM, Souquet PJ, Quoix E, Baik CS, Barlesi F, Kim TM, Mazieres J, Novello S, et al: Dabrafenib plus trametinib in patients with previously treated BRAF(V600E)-mutant metastatic non-small cell lung cancer: An open-label, multicentre phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 17:984–993. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Pozdeyev N, Gay LM, Sokol ES, Hartmaier R, Deaver KE, Davis S, French JD, Borre PV, LaBarbera DV, Tan AC, et al: Genetic analysis of 779 advanced differentiated and anaplastic thyroid cancers. Clin Cancer Res. 24:3059–3068. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Wang HM, Huang YW, Huang JS, Wang CH, Kok VC, Hung CM, Chen HM and Tzen CY: Analastic carcinoma of the thyroid arising more often from follicular carcinoma than papillary carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol. 14:3011–3018. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Onoda N, Nakamura M, Aomatsu N, Noda S, Kashiwagi S and Hirakawa K: Establishment, characterization and comparison of seven authentic anaplastic thyroid cancer cell lines retaining clinical features of the original tumors. World J Surg. 38:688–695. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Wilhelm SM, Carter C, Tang L, Wilkie D, McNabola A, Rong H, Chen C, Zhang X, Vincent P, McHugh M, et al: BAY 43-9006 exhibits broad spectrum oral antitumor activity and targets the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway and receptor tyrosine kinases involved in tumor progression and angiogenesis. Cancer Res. 64:7099–7109. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Costache MI, Ioana M, Iordache S, Ene D, Costache CA and Săftoiu A: VEGF expression in pancreatic cancer and other malignancies: A review of the literature. Rom J Intern Med. 53:199–208. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

28 

Kim S, Yazici YD, Calzada G, Wang ZY, Younes MN, Jasser SA, El-Naggar AK and Myers JN: Sorafenib inhibits the angiogenesis and growth of orthotopic anaplastic thyroid carcinoma xenografts in nude mice. Mol Cancer Ther. 6:1785–1792. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Ferrara N, Gerber HP and LeCouter J: The biology of VEGF and its receptors. Nat Med. 9:669–676. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

D'Haene N, Koopmansch C, Van Eycke YR, Hulet F, Allard J, Bouri S, Rorive S, Remmelink M, Decaestecker C, Maris C and Salmon I: The prognostic value of the combination of low VEGFR-1 and High VEGFR-2 expression in endothelial cells of colorectal cancer. Int J Mol Sci. 19:pii: E35362018. View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Chen G, Nicula D, Renko K and Derwahl M: Synergistic anti-proliferative effect of metformin and sorafenib on growth of anaplastic thyroid cancer cells and their stem cells. Oncol Rep. 33:1994–2000. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Wang H, Zhang C, Ning Z, Xu L, Zhu X and Meng Z: Bufalin enhances anti-angiogenic effect of sorafenib via AKT/VEGF signaling. Int J Oncol. 48:1229–1241. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Higashiyama T, Ito Y, Hirokawa M, Fukushima M, Uruno T, Miya A, Matsuzuka F and Miyauchi A: Induction chemotherapy with weekly paclitaxel administration for anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid. 20:7–14. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Onoda N, Sugino K, Higashiyama T, Kammori M, Toda K, Ito K, Yoshida A, Suganuma N, Nakashima N, Suzuki S, et al: The safety and efficacy of weekly paclitaxel administration for anaplastic thyroid cancer patients: A nationwide prospective study. Thyroid. 26:1293–1299. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Jing C, Gao Z, Wang R, Yang Z, Shi B and Hou P: Lenvatinib enhances the antitumor effects of paclitaxel in anaplastic thyroid cancer. Am J Cancer Res. 7:903–912. 2017.PubMed/NCBI

36 

Subbiah V, Kreitman RJ, Wainberg ZA, Cho JY, Schellens JHM, Soria JC, Wen PY, Zielinski C, Cabanillas ME, Urbanowitz G, et al: Dabrafenib and trametinib treatment in patients with locally advanced or metastatic BRAF V600-mutant anaplastic thyroid cancer. J Clin Oncol. 36:7–13. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar

37 

Gunda V, Gigliotti B, Ndishabandi D, Ashry T, McCarthy M, Zhou Z, Amin S, Freeman GJ, Alessandrini A and Parangi S: Combinations of BRAF inhibitor and anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibody improve survival and tumour immunity in an immunocompetent model of orthotopic murine anaplastic thyroid cancer. Br J Cancer. 119:1223–1232. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Ishihara S, Onoda N, Noda S, Asano Y, Tauchi Y, Morisaki T, Kashiwagi S, Takashima T and Ohira M: Sorafenib inhibits vascular endothelial cell proliferation stimulated by anaplastic thyroid cancer cells regardless of BRAF mutation status. Int J Oncol 55: 1069-1076, 2019.
APA
Ishihara, S., Onoda, N., Noda, S., Asano, Y., Tauchi, Y., Morisaki, T. ... Ohira, M. (2019). Sorafenib inhibits vascular endothelial cell proliferation stimulated by anaplastic thyroid cancer cells regardless of BRAF mutation status. International Journal of Oncology, 55, 1069-1076. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2019.4881
MLA
Ishihara, S., Onoda, N., Noda, S., Asano, Y., Tauchi, Y., Morisaki, T., Kashiwagi, S., Takashima, T., Ohira, M."Sorafenib inhibits vascular endothelial cell proliferation stimulated by anaplastic thyroid cancer cells regardless of BRAF mutation status". International Journal of Oncology 55.5 (2019): 1069-1076.
Chicago
Ishihara, S., Onoda, N., Noda, S., Asano, Y., Tauchi, Y., Morisaki, T., Kashiwagi, S., Takashima, T., Ohira, M."Sorafenib inhibits vascular endothelial cell proliferation stimulated by anaplastic thyroid cancer cells regardless of BRAF mutation status". International Journal of Oncology 55, no. 5 (2019): 1069-1076. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2019.4881
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Ishihara S, Onoda N, Noda S, Asano Y, Tauchi Y, Morisaki T, Kashiwagi S, Takashima T and Ohira M: Sorafenib inhibits vascular endothelial cell proliferation stimulated by anaplastic thyroid cancer cells regardless of BRAF mutation status. Int J Oncol 55: 1069-1076, 2019.
APA
Ishihara, S., Onoda, N., Noda, S., Asano, Y., Tauchi, Y., Morisaki, T. ... Ohira, M. (2019). Sorafenib inhibits vascular endothelial cell proliferation stimulated by anaplastic thyroid cancer cells regardless of BRAF mutation status. International Journal of Oncology, 55, 1069-1076. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2019.4881
MLA
Ishihara, S., Onoda, N., Noda, S., Asano, Y., Tauchi, Y., Morisaki, T., Kashiwagi, S., Takashima, T., Ohira, M."Sorafenib inhibits vascular endothelial cell proliferation stimulated by anaplastic thyroid cancer cells regardless of BRAF mutation status". International Journal of Oncology 55.5 (2019): 1069-1076.
Chicago
Ishihara, S., Onoda, N., Noda, S., Asano, Y., Tauchi, Y., Morisaki, T., Kashiwagi, S., Takashima, T., Ohira, M."Sorafenib inhibits vascular endothelial cell proliferation stimulated by anaplastic thyroid cancer cells regardless of BRAF mutation status". International Journal of Oncology 55, no. 5 (2019): 1069-1076. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2019.4881
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team