Open Access

Assessment of biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Xiaozeng Lin
    • Anil Kapoor
    • Yan Gu
    • Mathilda Jing Chow
    • Hui Xu
    • Pierre Major
    • Damu Tang
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: October 4, 2019     https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2019.4893
  • Pages: 1194-1212
  • Copyright: © Lin et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

The assessment of the risk of biochemical recurrence (BCR) is critical in the management of males with prostate cancer (PC). Over the past decades, a comprehensive effort has been focusing on improving risk stratification; a variety of models have been constructed using PC‑associated pathological features and molecular alterations occurring at the genome, protein and RNA level. Alterations in RNA expression (lncRNA, miRNA and mRNA) constitute the largest proportion of the biomarkers of BCR. In this article, we systemically review RNA‑based BCR biomarkers reported in PubMed according to the PRISMA guidelines. Individual miRNAs, mRNAs, lncRNAs and multigene panels, including the commercially available signatures, Oncotype DX and Prolaris, will be discussed; details related to cohort size, hazard ratio and 95% confidence intervals will be provided. Mechanistically, these individual biomarkers affect multiple pathways critical to tumorigenesis and progression, including epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), Wnt, growth factor receptor, cell proliferation, immune checkpoints and others. This variety in the mechanisms involved not only validates their associations with BCR, but also highlights the need for the coverage of multiple pathways in order to effectively stratify the risk of BCR. Updates of novel biomarkers and their mechanistic insights are considered, which suggests new avenues to pursue in the prediction of BCR. Additionally, the management of patients with BCR and the potential utility of the stratification of the risk of BCR in salvage treatment decision making for these patients are briefly covered. Limitations will also be discussed.
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December-2019
Volume 55 Issue 6

Print ISSN: 1019-6439
Online ISSN:1791-2423

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Copy and paste a formatted citation
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Spandidos Publications style
Lin X, Kapoor A, Gu Y, Chow MJ, Xu H, Major P and Tang D: Assessment of biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 55: 1194-1212, 2019
APA
Lin, X., Kapoor, A., Gu, Y., Chow, M.J., Xu, H., Major, P., & Tang, D. (2019). Assessment of biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer (Review). International Journal of Oncology, 55, 1194-1212. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2019.4893
MLA
Lin, X., Kapoor, A., Gu, Y., Chow, M. J., Xu, H., Major, P., Tang, D."Assessment of biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer (Review)". International Journal of Oncology 55.6 (2019): 1194-1212.
Chicago
Lin, X., Kapoor, A., Gu, Y., Chow, M. J., Xu, H., Major, P., Tang, D."Assessment of biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer (Review)". International Journal of Oncology 55, no. 6 (2019): 1194-1212. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2019.4893