Open Access

Journey of CAR T‑cells: Emphasising the concepts and advancements in breast cancer (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Mohd Adnan Kausar
    • Sadaf Anwar
    • Hemat El-Sayed El-Horany
    • Farida Habib Khan
    • Neetu Tyagi
    • Mohammad Zeeshan Najm
    • Sadaf
    • Alaa Abdulaziz Eisa
    • Chandrajeet Dhara
    • Saumyatika Gantayat
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: October 10, 2023     https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2023.5578
  • Article Number: 130
  • Copyright: © Kausar et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Cancer is the primary and one of the most prominent causes of the rising global mortality rate, accounting for nearly 10 million deaths annually. Specific methods have been devised to cure cancerous tumours. Effective therapeutic approaches must be developed, both at the cellular and genetic level. Immunotherapy offers promising results by providing sustained remission to patients with refractory malignancies. Genetically modified T‑lymphocytic cells have emerged as a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of solid tumours, haematological malignancies, and relapsed/refractory B‑lymphocyte malignancies as a result of recent clinical trial findings; the treatment is referred to as chimeric antigen receptor T‑cell therapy (CAR T‑cell therapy). Leukapheresis is used to remove T‑lymphocytes from the leukocytes, and CARs are created through genetic engineering. Without the aid of a major histocompatibility complex, these genetically modified receptors lyse malignant tissues by interacting directly with the carcinogen. Additionally, the outcomes of preclinical and clinical studies reveal that CAR T‑cell therapy has proven to be a potential therapeutic contender against metastatic breast cancer (BCa), triple‑negative, and HER 2+ve BCa. Nevertheless, unique toxicities, including (cytokine release syndrome, on/off‑target tumour recognition, neurotoxicities, anaphylaxis, antigen escape in BCa, and the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment in solid tumours, negatively impact the mechanism of action of these receptors. In this review, the potential of CAR T‑cell immunotherapy and its method of destroying tumour cells is explored using data from preclinical and clinical trials, as well as providing an update on the approaches used to reduce toxicities, which may improve or broaden the effectiveness of the therapies used in BCa.
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December-2023
Volume 63 Issue 6

Print ISSN: 1019-6439
Online ISSN:1791-2423

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Spandidos Publications style
Kausar MA, Anwar S, El-Horany HE, Khan FH, Tyagi N, Najm MZ, Sadaf , Eisa AA, Dhara C, Gantayat S, Gantayat S, et al: Journey of CAR T‑cells: Emphasising the concepts and advancements in breast cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 63: 130, 2023
APA
Kausar, M.A., Anwar, S., El-Horany, H.E., Khan, F.H., Tyagi, N., Najm, M.Z. ... Gantayat, S. (2023). Journey of CAR T‑cells: Emphasising the concepts and advancements in breast cancer (Review). International Journal of Oncology, 63, 130. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2023.5578
MLA
Kausar, M. A., Anwar, S., El-Horany, H. E., Khan, F. H., Tyagi, N., Najm, M. Z., Sadaf, , Eisa, A. A., Dhara, C., Gantayat, S."Journey of CAR T‑cells: Emphasising the concepts and advancements in breast cancer (Review)". International Journal of Oncology 63.6 (2023): 130.
Chicago
Kausar, M. A., Anwar, S., El-Horany, H. E., Khan, F. H., Tyagi, N., Najm, M. Z., Sadaf, , Eisa, A. A., Dhara, C., Gantayat, S."Journey of CAR T‑cells: Emphasising the concepts and advancements in breast cancer (Review)". International Journal of Oncology 63, no. 6 (2023): 130. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2023.5578