Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Molecular Medicine Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1791-2997 Online ISSN: 1791-3004
Journal Cover
November 2012 Volume 6 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
November 2012 Volume 6 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Butein inhibits the proliferation of breast cancer cells through generation of reactive oxygen species and modulation of ERK and p38 activities

  • Authors:
    • Li-Heng Yang
    • Ying-Jui Ho
    • Jing-Feng Lin
    • Chi-Wei Yeh
    • Shao-Hsuan Kao
    • Li-Sung Hsu
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C., School of Psychology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C., Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
  • Pages: 1126-1132
    |
    Published online on: August 7, 2012
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2012.1023
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Butein (3,4,2',4'-tetrahydroxychalcone) is a polyphenol derived from various natural plants and is capable of inducing several types of death in cancer cells. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying butein-induced breast cancer cell apoptosis remain unknown. The present study aimed to prove that butein inhibits the proliferation of MDA-MB‑231 human breast cancer cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Butein markedly induced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), decreased the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), increased p38 activity, diminished Bcl-2 expression, induced caspase 3 cleavage and was associated with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage. Our findings also indicate that ROS may play an important role in butein-induced apoptosis, as pre-treatment with the antioxidant, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), prevented butein-induced apoptosis. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that butein inhibits the proliferation of breast cancer cells through the generation of ROS and the modulation of ERK and p38 activities. We also demonstrate that these effects may be abrogaged by pre-treatment with NAC. Our results suggest that butein may function as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of breast cancer.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

View References

1 

Kelloff GJ, Boone CW, Crowell JA, Steele VE, Lubet R and Sigman CC: Chemopreventive drug development: perspectives and progress. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 3:85–98. 1994.PubMed/NCBI

2 

Khan N, Afaq F and Mukhtar H: Cancer chemoprevention through dietary antioxidants: progress and promise. Antioxid Redox Signal. 10:475–510. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Lee JC, Lee KY, Kim J, Na CS, et al: Extract from Rhus verniciflua Stokes is capable of inhibiting the growth of human lymphoma cells. Food Chem Toxicol. 42:1383–1388. 2004.

4 

Jung CH, Jun CY, Lee S, Park CH, Cho K and Ko SG: Rhus verniciflua stokes extract: radical scavenging activities and protective effects on H2O2-induced cytotoxicity in macrophage RAW 264.7 cell lines. Biol Pharm Bull. 29:1603–1607. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Jung CH, Kim JH, Hong MH, et al: Phenolic-rich fraction from Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS) suppress inflammatory response via NF-kappaB and JNK pathway in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. J Ethnopharmacol. 110:490–497. 2007.

6 

Aizu E, Nakadate T, Yamamoto S and Kato R: Inhibition of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-mediated epidermal ornithine decarboxylase induction and skin tumor promotion by new lipoxygenase inhibitors lacking protein kinase C inhibitory effects. Carcinogenesis. 7:1809–1812. 1986. View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Kang DG, Lee AS, Mun YJ, et al: Butein ameliorates renal concentrating ability in cisplatin-induced acute renal failure in rats. Biol Pharm Bull. 27:366–370. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Lim SS, Jung SH, Ji J, Shin KH and Keum SR: Synthesis of flavonoids and their effects on aldose reductase and sorbitol accumulation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat tissues. J Pharm Pharmacol. 53:653–668. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Lee SH, Nan JX, Zhao YZ, et al: The chalcone butein from Rhus verniciflua shows antifibrogenic activity. Planta Med. 69:990–994. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Jang HS, Kook SH, Son YO, et al: Flavonoids purified from Rhus verniciflua Stokes actively inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cells. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1726:309–316. 2005.PubMed/NCBI

11 

Kook SH, Son YO, Chung SW, et al: Caspase-independent death of human osteosarcoma cells by flavonoids is driven by p53-mediated mitochondrial stress and nuclear translocation of AIF and endonuclease G. Apoptosis. 12:1289–1298. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Ramanathan R, Tan CH and Das NP: Cytotoxic effect of plant polyphenols and fat-soluble vitamins on malignant human cultured cells. Cancer Lett. 62:217–224. 1992. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Yit CC and Das NP: Cytotoxic effect of butein on human colon adenocarcinoma cell proliferation. Cancer Lett. 82:65–72. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Iwashita K, Kobori M, Yamaki K and Tsushida T: Flavonoids inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis in B16 melanoma 4A5 cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 64:1813–1820. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Pandey MK, Sung B, Ahn KS and Aggarwal BB: Butein suppresses constitutive and inducible signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 activation and STAT3-regulated gene products through the induction of a protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1. Mol Pharmacol. 75:525–533. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Rajendran P, Ong TH, Chen L, et al: Suppression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activation by butein inhibits growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma in vivo. Clin Cancer Res. 17:1425–1439. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Moon DO, Choi YH, Moon SK, Kim WJ and Kim GY: Butein suppresses the expression of nuclear factor-kappa B-mediated matrix metalloproteinase-9 and vascular endothelial growth factor in prostate cancer cells. Toxicol In Vitro. 24:1927–1934. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Yang CS, Yang GY, Landau JM, Kim S and Liao J: Tea and tea polyphenols inhibit cell hyperproliferation, lung tumorigenesis, and tumor progression. Exp Lung Res. 24:629–639. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Kim JH, Jung CH, Jang BH, et al: Selective cytotoxic effects on human cancer cell lines of phenolic-rich ethyl-acetate fraction from Rhus verniciflua Stokes. Am J Chin Med. 37:609–620. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Chua AW, Hay HS, Rajendran P, et al: Butein downregulates chemokine receptor CXCR4 expression and function through suppression of NF-kappaB activation in breast and pancreatic tumor cells. Biochem Pharmacol. 80:1553–1562. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Lau GT, Huang H, Lin SM and Leung LK: Butein downregulates phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced COX-2 transcriptional activity in cancerous and non-cancerous breast cells. Eur J Pharmacol. 648:24–30. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Zhang W and Liu HT: MAPK signal pathways in the regulation of cell proliferation in mammalian cells. Cell Res. 12:9–18. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Shankar S, Ganapathy S and Srivastava RK: Green tea polyphenols: biology and therapeutic implications in cancer. Front Biosci. 12:4881–4899. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Stoner GD and Mukhtar H: Polyphenols as cancer chemopreventive agents. J Cell Biochem Suppl. 22:169–180. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Raman M, Chen W and Cobb MH: Differential regulation and properties of MAPKs. Oncogene. 26:3100–3112. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Cross TG, Scheel-Toellner D, Henriquez NV, Deacon E, Salmon M and Lord JM: Serine/threonine protein kinases and apoptosis. Exp Cell Res. 256:34–41. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Chang IC, Huang YJ, Chiang TI, Yeh CW and Hsu LS: Shikonin induces apoptosis through reactive oxygen species/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway in osteosarcoma cells. Biol Pharm Bull. 33:816–824. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Fresco P, Borges F, Diniz C and Marques MP: New insights on the anticancer properties of dietary polyphenols. Med Res Rev. 26:747–766. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Sarkar FH, Li Y, Wang Z and Kong D: Cellular signaling perturbation by natural products. Cell Signal. 21:1541–1547. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Shankar S, Suthakar G and Srivastava RK: Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits cell cycle and induces apoptosis in pancreatic cancer. Front Biosci. 12:5039–5051. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Granado-Serrano AB, Martin MA, Bravo L, Goya L and Ramos S: Quercetin induces apoptosis via caspase activation, regulation of Bcl-2, and inhibition of PI-3-kinase/Akt and ERK pathways in a human hepatoma cell line (HepG2). J Nutr. 136:2715–2721. 2006.PubMed/NCBI

32 

Kim EJ, Choi CH, Park JY, Kang SK and Kim YK: Underlying mechanism of quercetin-induced cell death in human glioma cells. Neurochem Res. 33:971–979. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Zhang L, Chen W and Li X: A novel anticancer effect of butein: inhibition of invasion through the ERK1/2 and NF-kappa B signaling pathways in bladder cancer cells. FEBS Lett. 582:1821–1828. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Lee SH, Seo GS, Jin XY, Ko G and Sohn DH: Butein blocks tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced interleukin 8 and matrix metalloproteinase 7 production by inhibiting p38 kinase and osteopontin mediated signaling events in HT-29 cells. Life Sci. 81:1535–1543. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar

35 

Cory S and Adams JM: The Bcl2 family: regulators of the cellular life-or-death switch. Nat Rev Cancer. 2:647–656. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Kim NY, Pae HO, Oh GS, et al: Butein, a plant polyphenol, induces apoptosis concomitant with increased caspase-3 activity, decreased Bcl-2 expression and increased Bax expression in HL-60 cells. Pharmacol Toxicol. 88:261–266. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Bechtel W and Bauer G: Modulation of intercellular ROS signaling of human tumor cells. Anticancer Res. 29:4559–4570. 2009.PubMed/NCBI

38 

Victor VM, Rocha M, Sola E, Banuls C, Garcia-Malpartida K and Hernandez-Mijares A: Oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Curr Pharm Des. 15:2988–3002. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Shukla S and Gupta S: Apigenin-induced prostate cancer cell death is initiated by reactive oxygen species and p53 activation. Free Radic Biol Med. 44:1833–1845. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Nakazato T, Ito K, Ikeda Y and Kizaki M: Green tea component, catechin, induces apoptosis of human malignant B cells via production of reactive oxygen species. Clin Cancer Res. 11:6040–6049. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Sharma V, Joseph C, Ghosh S, Agarwal A, Mishra MK and Sen E: Kaempferol induces apoptosis in glioblastoma cells through oxidative stress. Mol Cancer Ther. 6:2544–2553. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Moon DO, Kim MO, Choi YH, Hyun JW, Chang WY and Kim GY: Butein induces G(2)/M phase arrest and apoptosis in human hepatoma cancer cells through ROS generation. Cancer Lett. 288:204–213. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Chen YH, Yeh CW, Lo HC, Su SL, Hseu YC and Hsu LS: Generation of reactive oxygen species mediates butein-induced apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells. Oncol Rep. 27:1233–1237. 2012.PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Yang L, Ho Y, Lin J, Yeh C, Kao S and Hsu L: Butein inhibits the proliferation of breast cancer cells through generation of reactive oxygen species and modulation of ERK and p38 activities. Mol Med Rep 6: 1126-1132, 2012.
APA
Yang, L., Ho, Y., Lin, J., Yeh, C., Kao, S., & Hsu, L. (2012). Butein inhibits the proliferation of breast cancer cells through generation of reactive oxygen species and modulation of ERK and p38 activities. Molecular Medicine Reports, 6, 1126-1132. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2012.1023
MLA
Yang, L., Ho, Y., Lin, J., Yeh, C., Kao, S., Hsu, L."Butein inhibits the proliferation of breast cancer cells through generation of reactive oxygen species and modulation of ERK and p38 activities". Molecular Medicine Reports 6.5 (2012): 1126-1132.
Chicago
Yang, L., Ho, Y., Lin, J., Yeh, C., Kao, S., Hsu, L."Butein inhibits the proliferation of breast cancer cells through generation of reactive oxygen species and modulation of ERK and p38 activities". Molecular Medicine Reports 6, no. 5 (2012): 1126-1132. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2012.1023
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Yang L, Ho Y, Lin J, Yeh C, Kao S and Hsu L: Butein inhibits the proliferation of breast cancer cells through generation of reactive oxygen species and modulation of ERK and p38 activities. Mol Med Rep 6: 1126-1132, 2012.
APA
Yang, L., Ho, Y., Lin, J., Yeh, C., Kao, S., & Hsu, L. (2012). Butein inhibits the proliferation of breast cancer cells through generation of reactive oxygen species and modulation of ERK and p38 activities. Molecular Medicine Reports, 6, 1126-1132. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2012.1023
MLA
Yang, L., Ho, Y., Lin, J., Yeh, C., Kao, S., Hsu, L."Butein inhibits the proliferation of breast cancer cells through generation of reactive oxygen species and modulation of ERK and p38 activities". Molecular Medicine Reports 6.5 (2012): 1126-1132.
Chicago
Yang, L., Ho, Y., Lin, J., Yeh, C., Kao, S., Hsu, L."Butein inhibits the proliferation of breast cancer cells through generation of reactive oxygen species and modulation of ERK and p38 activities". Molecular Medicine Reports 6, no. 5 (2012): 1126-1132. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2012.1023
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team