|
1
|
Vogelmeier C, Hederer B, Glaab T, et al:
Tiotropium versus salmeterol for the prevention of exacerbations of
COPD. N Engl J Med. 364:1093–1103. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
2
|
Calverley PM, Anderson JA, Celli B, et al:
Salmeterol and fluticasone propionate and survival in chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med. 356:775–789. 2007.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
3
|
Struik FM, Duiverman ML, Bladder G and
Wijkstra PJ: Effects of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation
(NIPPV) in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Respir Med COPD update. 4:94–100. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
4
|
Murray CJ and Lopez AD: Alternative
projections of mortality and disability by cause 1990–2020: Global
Burden of Disease Study. Lancet. 349:1498–1504. 1997.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
5
|
Fang X, Wang X and Bai C: COPD in China:
the burden and importance of proper management. Chest. 139:920–929.
2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
6
|
Yoon HI and Sin DD: Confronting the
colossal crisis of COPD in China. Chest. 139:735–736. 2011.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
7
|
Siafakas NM, Vermeire P, Pride NB, et al:
Optimal assessment and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD). The European Respiratory Society Task Force. Eur
Respir J. 8:1398–1420. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
8
|
de Boer WI, Sont JK, van Schadewijk A,
Stolk J, van Krieken JH and Hiemstra PS: Monocyte chemoattractant
protein 1, interleukin 8, and chronic airways inflammation in COPD.
J Pathol. 190:619–626. 2000.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
9
|
Lewis MI and Belman MJ: Nutrition and the
respiratory muscles. Clin Chest Med. 9:337–348. 1988.
|
|
10
|
Nishimura Y, Tsutsumi M, Nakata H,
Tsunenari T, Maeda H and Yokoyama M: Relationship between
respiratory muscle strength and lean body mass in men with COPD.
Chest. 107:1232–1236. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
11
|
Wouters EF, Groenewegen KH, Dentener MA
and Vernooy JH: Systemic inflammation in chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease: the role of exacerbations. Proc Am Thorac Soc.
4:626–634. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
12
|
Broekhuizen R, Vernooy JH, Schols AM,
Dentener MA and Wouters EF: Leptin as local inflammatory marker in
COPD. Respir Med. 99:70–74. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
13
|
Auwerx J and Staels B: Leptin. Lancet.
351:737–742. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
14
|
Yang YM, Sun TY and Liu XM: The role of
serum leptin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in malnutrition of
male chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Chin Med J
(Engl). 119:628–633. 2006.
|
|
15
|
Lam QL and Lu L: Role of leptin in
immunity. Cell Mol Immunol. 4:1–13. 2007.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
16
|
Bellmeyer A, Martino JM, Chandel NS, et
al: Leptin resistance protects mice from hyperoxia-induced acute
lung injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 175:587–594. 2007.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
17
|
Otero M, Lago R, Lago F, et al: Leptin,
from fat to inflammation: old questions and new insights. FEBS
Lett. 579:295–301. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
18
|
Vernooy JH, Drummen NE, van Suylen RJ, et
al: Enhanced pulmonary leptin expression in patients with severe
COPD and asymptomatic smokers. Thorax. 64:26–32. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
19
|
Meier U and Gressner AM: Endocrine
regulation of energy metabolism: review of pathobiochemical and
clinical chemical aspects of leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, and
resistin. Clin Chem. 50:1511–1525. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
20
|
Sevenoaks MJ and Stockley RA: Chronic
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, inflammation and co-morbidity - a
common inflammatory phenotype? Respir Res. 7:702006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
21
|
Schols AM, Creutzberg EC, Buurman WA, et
al: Plasma leptin is related to proinflammatory status and dietary
intake in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J
Respir Crit Care Med. 160:1220–1226. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
22
|
Bai XL and Xu JY: Smoking to rat blood
lean meat, adiponectin, IL-6 and c-reactive protein influence. Chin
J Respir Crit Care Med. 9:298–299. 2010.(In Chinese).
|
|
23
|
Sull JW, Kim HJ, Yun JE, et al: Serum
adiponectin is associated with smoking status in healthy Korean
men. Endocr J. 56:73–78. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
24
|
Trujillo ME, Sullivan S, Harten I, et al:
Interleukin-6 regulates human adipose tissue lipid metabolism and
leptin production in vitro. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 89:5577–5582.
2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
25
|
Fantuzzi G: Adipose tissue, adipokines,
and inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 115:911–919; quiz 920.
2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
26
|
Rose-John S, Waetzig GH, Scheller J, et
al: The IL-6/sIL-6R complex as a novel target for therapeutic
approaches. Expert Opin Ther Targets. 11:613–624. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
27
|
Yanbaeva DG, Dentener MA, Creutzberg EC
and Wouters EF: Systemic inflammation in COPD: is genetic
susceptibility a key factor? COPD. 3:51–61. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
28
|
Wouters EF: Local and systemic
inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Proc Am
Thorac Soc. 2:26–33. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
29
|
Walter RE, Wilk JB, Larson MG, et al:
Systemic inflammation and COPD: the Framingham Heart Study. Chest.
133:19–25. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
30
|
Foschino Barbaro MP, Carpagnano GE,
Spanevello A, et al: Inflammation, oxidative stress and systemic
effects in mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J
Immunopathol Pharmacol. 20:753–763. 2007.PubMed/NCBI
|
