Implication of microRNA regulation in para-phenylenediamine-induced cell death and senescence in normal human hair dermal papilla cells

Lee,Ok‑Kyu; Cha,Hwa  Jun; Lee,Myung  Joo; Lim,Kyung  Mi; Jung,Jae  Wook; Ahn,Kyu  Joong; An,In‑Sook; An,Sungkwan; Bae,Seunghee

doi:10.3892/mmr.2015.3487

Implication of microRNA regulation in para-phenylenediamine-induced cell death and senescence in normal human hair dermal papilla cells

Authors:
- Ok‑Kyu Lee
- Hwa Jun Cha
- Myung Joo Lee
- Kyung Mi Lim
- Jae Wook Jung
- Kyu Joong Ahn
- In‑Sook An
- Sungkwan An
- Seunghee Bae
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Affiliations: Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences and Molecular‑Targeted Drug Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 143‑701, Republic of Korea, Department of Dermatology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 143‑729, Republic of Korea
Published online on: March 13, 2015 https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2015.3487
Pages: 921-936
Copyright: © Lee et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY_NC 3.0].

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Abstract

Para-phenylenediamine (PPD) is a major component of hair coloring and black henna products. Although it has been largely demonstrated that PPD induces allergic reactions and increases the risk of tumors in the kidney, liver, thyroid gland and urinary bladder, the effect on dermal papilla cells remains to be elucidated. Therefore, the current study evaluated the effects of PPD on growth, cell death and senescence using cell‑based assays and microRNA (miRNA) microarray in normal human hair dermal papilla cells (nHHDPCs). Cell viability and cell cycle analyses demonstrated that PPD exhibited a significant cytotoxic effect on nHHDPCs through inducing cell death and G2 phase cell cycle arrest in a dose‑dependent manner. It was additionally observed that treatment of nHHDPCs with PPD induced cellular senescence by promoting cellular oxidative stress. In addition, the results of the current study indicated that these PPD‑mediated effects were involved in the alteration of miRNA expression profiles. Treatment of nHHDPCs with PPD altered the expression levels of 74 miRNAs by ≥2‑fold (16 upregulated and 58 downregulated miRNAs). Further bioinformatics analysis determined that these identified miRNA target genes were likely to be involved in cell growth, cell cycle arrest, cell death, senescence and the induction of oxidative stress. In conclusion, the observations of the current study suggested that PPD was able to induce several cytotoxic effects through alteration of miRNA expression levels in nHHDPCs.

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