Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Molecular Medicine Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1791-2997 Online ISSN: 1791-3004
Journal Cover
November-2017 Volume 16 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
November-2017 Volume 16 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

A multi‑targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor lenvatinib for the treatment of mice with advanced glioblastoma

  • Authors:
    • Jia Li
    • Chang‑Lin Zou
    • Zhi‑Ming Zhang
    • Lian‑Jie Lv
    • Hai‑Bo Qiao
    • Xiu‑Ju Chen
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, P.R. China, Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, P.R. China
  • Pages: 7105-7111
    |
    Published online on: September 11, 2017
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.7456
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Glioblastoma is the most aggressive primary brain tumor that originates from the glial cells in adults. Aberrant angiogenesis is essential for malignant glioblastoma tumorigenesis, development and metastasis. Lenvatinib is a multi‑targeted anticancer agent that targets of receptor tyrosine kinases including vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 and 2, fibroblast growth factor receptor 1, platelet‑derived growth factor receptor β and v‑kit Hardy‑Zuckerman 4 feline sarcoma viral oncogene homolog. In the present study, the therapeutic effects of lenvatinib as a treatment for glioblastoma were investigated in vivo and in vitro. The maximum dose toxicity (MDT) and treatment‑associated adverse events of lenvatinib were identified by cytotoxicity assay in experimental mice. Increasing levels of the pro‑apoptosis genes caspase‑3, -8, -9 and -10 following lenvatinib treatment were determined by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and apoptosis of the malignant gliomas cells was analyzed by FACS. In vivo treatment with lenvatinib for BV‑2 bearing male BALC/c nude mice was assessed via tumor growth suppression and long‑term observation of survival. Subsequent cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses were further analyzed to determine the in vivo efficacy of lenvatinib treatment in mice with glioblastoma. The MDT of lenvatinib was identified as 0.24 mg, with relatively few side effects and improved efficacy in mice. Lenvatinib (0.24 mg) significantly increased apoptosis in BV‑2, C6, BC3H1 and G422 glioma cell lines. Tumor growth was significantly inhibited and tumor‑bearing mice demonstrated an improved survival rate following treatment with lenvatinib. In conclusion, lenvatinib provided an effective treatment outcome, and the results of the present study may help to achieve a comprehensive therapeutic schedule for clinical application.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

View References

1 

Lu M, Zhang X, Zhang M, Chen H, Dou W, Li S and Dai J: Non-model segmentation of brain glioma tissues with the combination of DWI and fMRI signals. Biomed Mater Eng. 26 Suppl 1:S1315–S1324. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

2 

Chow KK, Naik S, Kakarla S, Brawley VS, Shaffer DR, Yi Z, Rainusso N, Wu MF, Liu H, Kew Y, et al: T cells redirected to EphA2 for the immunotherapy of glioblastoma. Mol Ther. 21:629–637. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Wang K, Kievit FM, Jeon M, Silber JR, Ellenbogen RG and Zhang M: Nanoparticle-mediated target delivery of TRAIL as gene therapy for glioblastoma. Adv Healthc Mater. 4:2719–2726. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Goudar RK, Shi Q, Hjelmeland MD, Keir ST, McLendon RE, Wikstrand CJ, Reese ED, Conrad CA, Traxler P, Lane HA, et al: Combination therapy of inhibitors of epidermal growth factor receptor/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (AEE788) and the mammalian target of rapamycin (RAD001) offers improved glioblastoma tumor growth inhibition. Mol Cancer Ther. 4:101–112. 2005.PubMed/NCBI

5 

Delfino KR, Serão NV, Southey BR and Rodriguez-Zas SL: Therapy-, gender- and race-specific microRNA markers, target genes and networks related to glioblastoma recurrence and survival. Cancer Genomics Proteomics. 8:173–183. 2011.PubMed/NCBI

6 

Koekkoek JA, Postma TJ, Heimans JJ, Reijneveld JC and Taphoorn MJ: Antiepileptic drug treatment in the end-of-life phase of glioma patients: a feasibility study. Support Care Cancer. 24:1633–1638. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Powell IJ, Banerjee M, Bianco FJ, Wood DP Jr, Dey J, Lai Z, Heath M and Pontes EJ: The effect of race/ethnicity on prostate cancer treatment outcome is conditional: A review of Wayne State University data. J Urol. 171:1508–1512. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Cafarotti S, Lococo F, Froesh P, Zappa F and Andre D: Target therapy in lung cancer. Adv Exp Med Biol. 893:127–136. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Sareddy GR and Vadlamudi RK: Cancer therapy using natural ligands that target estrogen receptor beta. Chin J Nat Med. 13:801–807. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

10 

Hamamoto R and Nakamura Y: Dysregulation of protein methyltransferases in human cancer: An emerging target class for anticancer therapy. Cancer Sci. 107:377–384. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Beck JT: Potential role for mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors as first-line therapy in hormone receptor-positive advanced breast cancer. Onco Targets Ther. 8:3629–3638. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Jackson CM, Lim M and Drake CG: Immunotherapy for brain cancer: Recent progress and future promise. Clin Cancer Res. 20:3651–3659. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Choi SY, Xue H, Wu R, Fazli L, Lin D, Collins CC, Gleave ME, Gout PW and Wang Y: The MCT4 gene: A novel, potential target for therapy of advanced prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 22:2721–2733. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Lapa C, Linsenmann T, Lückerath K, Samnick S, Herrmann K, Stoffer C, Ernestus RI, Buck AK, Löhr M and Monoranu CM: Tumor-associated macrophages in glioblastoma multiforme-a suitable target for somatostatin receptor-based imaging and therapy? PloS One. 10:e01222692015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Vehlow A and Cordes N: Invasion as target for therapy of glioblastoma multiforme. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1836:236–244. 2013.PubMed/NCBI

16 

Cabanillas ME, Schlumberger M, Jarzab B, Martins RG, Pacini F, Robinson B, McCaffrey JC, Shah MH, Bodenner DL, Topliss D, et al: A phase 2 trial of lenvatinib (E7080) in advanced, progressive, radioiodine-refractory, differentiated thyroid cancer: A clinical outcomes and biomarker assessment. Cancer. 121:2749–2756. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Nijaguna MB, Patil V, Urbach S, Shwetha SD, Sravani K, Hegde AS, Chandramouli BA, Arivazhagan A, Marin P, Santosh V and Somasundaram K: Glioblastoma-derived macrophage colony-stimulating factor (MCSF) induces microglial release of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 (IGFBP1) to promote angiogenesis. J Biol Chem. 290:23401–23415. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Krishnan S, Szabo E, Burghardt I, Frei K, Tabatabai G and Weller M: Modulation of cerebral endothelial cell function by TGF-β in glioblastoma: VEGF-dependent angiogenesis versus endothelial mesenchymal transition. Oncotarget. 6:22480–22495. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Kuznar W: Lenvatinib extends survival in metastatic renal-cell carcinoma. Am Health Drug Benefits. 8:182015.PubMed/NCBI

20 

Molina AM, Hutson TE, Larkin J, Gold AM, Wood K, Carter D, Motzer R and Michaelson MD: A phase 1b clinical trial of the multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor lenvatinib (E7080) in combination with everolimus for treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 73:181–189. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Hegazi M, Azadi A, Jain D, Redman R and Perez CA: Pharmacological and clinical profile of lenvatinib (E-7080) in the treatment of advanced, radioiodine-refractory, differentiated thyroid cancer. Drugs Today (Barc). 51:689–694. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

22 

Iacovelli R, Alesini D, Palazzo A, Trenta P, Santoni M, De Marchis L, Cascinu S, Naso G and Cortesi E: Targeted therapies and complete responses in first line treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. A meta-analysis of published trials. Cancer Treat Rev. 40:271–275. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Brugarolas J: Renal-cell carcinoma-molecular pathways and therapies. Brugarolas J. 356:185–187. 2007.

24 

Greaves MF and Brown G: Purification of human T and B lymphocytes. J Immunol. 112:420–423. 1974.PubMed/NCBI

25 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Huynh-Le MP, Zhang Z, Tran PT, DeWeese TL and Song DY: Low interrater reliability in grading of rectal bleeding using national cancer institute common toxicity criteria and radiation therapy oncology group toxicity scales: A survey of radiation oncologists. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 90:1076–1082. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Mehravi B, Alizadeh AM, Khodayari S, Khodayari H, Ashtari K, Mohseni M, Anaraki NI, Dana EA, Safari S and Amanlou M: Acute toxicity evaluation of glycosylated Gd3+-based silica nanoprobe. Mol Imaging Biol. 19:522–530. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Tsuruoka A, Matsui J, Suzuki T, Koyama N, Watanabe T and Funahashi Y: Preclinical and clinical researches of lenvatinib mesylate (Lenvima capsule), a novel antitumor agent approved for thyroid cancer treatment. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi. 146:283–290. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Midorikawa Y, Sugiyama Y and Aburatani H: Molecular targets for liver cancer therapy: From screening of target genes to clinical trials. Hepatol Res. 40:49–60. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Husain SR, Behari N, Kreitman RJ, Pastan I and Puri RK: Complete regression of established human glioblastoma tumor xenograft by interleukin-4 toxin therapy. Cancer Res. 58:3649–3653. 1998.PubMed/NCBI

31 

Debinski W, Gibo DM, Obiri NI, Kealiher A and Puri RK: Novel anti-brain tumor cytotoxins specific for cancer cells. Nat Biotechnol. 16:449–453. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Bera TK, Viner J, Brinkmann E and Pastan I: Pharmacokinetics and antitumor activity of a bivalent disulfide-stabilized Fv immunotoxin with improved antigen binding to erbB2. Cancer Res. 59:4018–4022. 1999.PubMed/NCBI

33 

Ghetie MA, Richardson J, Tucker T, Jones D, Uhr JW and Vitetta ES: Antitumor activity of Fab' and IgG-anti-CD22 immunotoxins in disseminated human B lymphoma grown in mice with severe combined immunodeficiency disease: Effect on tumor cells in extranodal sites. Cancer Res. 51:5876–5880. 1991.PubMed/NCBI

34 

Sivashankari PR and Prabaharan M: Peptides to target tumor vasculature and lymphatics for improved anti-angiogenesis therapy. Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 16:522–535. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Collet G, Szade K, Nowak W, Klimkiewicz K, El Hafny-Rahbi B, Szczepanek K, Sugiyama D, Weglarczyk K, Foucault-Collet A, Guichard A, et al: Endothelial precursor cell-based therapy to target the pathologic angiogenesis and compensate tumor hypoxia. Cancer Lett. 370:345–357. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Grun D, Adhikary G and Eckert RL: VEGF-A acts via neuropilin-1 to enhance epidermal cancer stem cell survival and formation of aggressive and highly vascularized tumors. Oncogene. 35:4379–4387. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Mayor S: Lenvatinib improves survival in refractory thyroid cancer. Lancet Oncol. 16:e1102015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Schlumberger M, Jarzab B, Cabanillas ME, Robinson B, Pacini F, Ball DW, McCaffrey J, Newbold K, Allison R, Martins RG, et al: A Phase II trial of the multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor lenvatinib (E7080) in advanced medullary thyroid cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 22:44–53. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Zhu C, Ma X, Hu Y, Guo L, Chen B, Shen K and Xiao Y: Safety and efficacy profile of lenvatinib in cancer therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget. 7:44545–44557. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Lorusso L and Newbold K: Lenvatinib: A new option for the treatment of advanced iodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer? Future Oncol. 11:1719–1727. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Nair A, Lemery SJ, Yang J, Marathe A, Zhao L, Zhao H, Jiang X, He K, Ladouceur G, Mitra AK, et al: FDA approval summary: Lenvatinib for progressive, radio-iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 21:5205–5208. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Whiteside TL: Inhibiting the inhibitors: Evaluating agents targeting cancer immunosuppression. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 10:1019–1035. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Li J, Zou CL, Zhang ZM, Lv LJ, Qiao HB and Chen XJ: A multi‑targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor lenvatinib for the treatment of mice with advanced glioblastoma. Mol Med Rep 16: 7105-7111, 2017.
APA
Li, J., Zou, C., Zhang, Z., Lv, L., Qiao, H., & Chen, X. (2017). A multi‑targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor lenvatinib for the treatment of mice with advanced glioblastoma. Molecular Medicine Reports, 16, 7105-7111. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.7456
MLA
Li, J., Zou, C., Zhang, Z., Lv, L., Qiao, H., Chen, X."A multi‑targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor lenvatinib for the treatment of mice with advanced glioblastoma". Molecular Medicine Reports 16.5 (2017): 7105-7111.
Chicago
Li, J., Zou, C., Zhang, Z., Lv, L., Qiao, H., Chen, X."A multi‑targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor lenvatinib for the treatment of mice with advanced glioblastoma". Molecular Medicine Reports 16, no. 5 (2017): 7105-7111. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.7456
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Li J, Zou CL, Zhang ZM, Lv LJ, Qiao HB and Chen XJ: A multi‑targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor lenvatinib for the treatment of mice with advanced glioblastoma. Mol Med Rep 16: 7105-7111, 2017.
APA
Li, J., Zou, C., Zhang, Z., Lv, L., Qiao, H., & Chen, X. (2017). A multi‑targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor lenvatinib for the treatment of mice with advanced glioblastoma. Molecular Medicine Reports, 16, 7105-7111. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.7456
MLA
Li, J., Zou, C., Zhang, Z., Lv, L., Qiao, H., Chen, X."A multi‑targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor lenvatinib for the treatment of mice with advanced glioblastoma". Molecular Medicine Reports 16.5 (2017): 7105-7111.
Chicago
Li, J., Zou, C., Zhang, Z., Lv, L., Qiao, H., Chen, X."A multi‑targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor lenvatinib for the treatment of mice with advanced glioblastoma". Molecular Medicine Reports 16, no. 5 (2017): 7105-7111. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.7456
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team