Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Molecular Medicine Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1791-2997 Online ISSN: 1791-3004
Journal Cover
May-2018 Volume 17 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
May-2018 Volume 17 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Inhibition of autophagy promotes cisplatin-induced apoptotic cell death through Atg5 and Beclin 1 in A549 human lung cancer cells

  • Authors:
    • Jianhua Chen
    • Lemeng Zhang
    • Hui Zhou
    • Wei Wang
    • Yongzhong Luo
    • Hua Yang
    • Huihuang Yi
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Thoracic Medicine Department 1, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China, Hematology Department, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
  • Pages: 6859-6865
    |
    Published online on: March 6, 2018
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.8686
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Recent studies have indicated that autophagy contributes to tumorigenesis and participates in acquired chemotherapeutic resistance. The present study aimed to determine the function and underlying mechanism of cisplatin‑induced autophagy in A549 human lung cancer cells. Autophagy was measured by LC3B‑I/II conversion, LC3B puncta and autophagosomes formation. Apoptotic cell death was measured by caspase‑3 activity, caspase‑3 cleavage and LDH release. The transcriptional and expressional level of autophagy related proteins were measured by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. Beclin 1 and Atg 5 siRNA transfection was used to explore the function of cisplatin‑induced autophagy. The results demonstrated that cisplatin induces apoptotic cell death in A549 cells and triggers an autophagic response, as indicated by increased microtubule‑associated protein 1 light chain 3β (LC3B)‑I/II conversion, increased LC3B puncta and autophagosome formation. Mechanisms underlying cisplatin‑induced autophagic responses were also investigated. Cisplatin induced autophagy by upregulating the mRNA and protein expression levels of autophagy protein (Atg)5 and Beclin 1, whereas the mRNA and protein expression levels of serine/threonine‑protein kinase ULK1, Atg3, Atg7, Atg12, and sequestosome‑1 were not markedly upregulated. In addition, knockdown of Atg5 and Beclin 1 by small interfering RNA transfection impaired cisplatin‑induced activation of autophagic responses, increased caspase‑3 cleavage and inhibited cell viability. These findings suggested that disruption of autophagy via the inhibition of Atg5 and Beclin 1 may promote cisplatin‑induced apoptotic cell death in A549 human lung cancer cells. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that targeting autophagy may be used in the future for the treatment of lung cancer.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

View References

1 

Jemal A, Bray F, Center MM, Ferlay J, Ward E and Forman D: Global cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin. 61:69–90. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Awala H, Gilson JP, Retoux R, Boullay P, Goupil JM, Valtchev V and Mintova S: Template-free nanosized faujasite-type zeolites. Nat Mater. 14:447–451. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Fennell DA, Summers Y, Cadranel J, Benepal T, Christoph DC, Lal R, Das M, Maxwell F, Visseren-Grul C and Ferry D: Cisplatin in the modern era: The backbone of first-line chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Treat Rev. 44:42–50. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Dasari S and Tchounwou PB: Cisplatin in cancer therapy: Molecular mechanisms of action. Eur J Pharmacol. 740:364–378. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Galluzzi L, Vitale I, Michels J, Brenner C, Szabadkai G, Harel-Bellan A, Castedo M and Kroemer G: Systems biology of cisplatin resistance: Past, present and future. Cell Death Dis. 5:e12572014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Mariño G, Niso-Santano M, Baehrecke EH and Kroemer G: Self-consumption: The interplay of autophagy and apoptosis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 15:81–94. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

White E: Deconvoluting the context-dependent role for autophagy in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 12:401–410. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Ouyang L, Shi Z, Zhao S, Wang FT, Zhou TT, Liu B and Bao JK: Programmed cell death pathways in cancer: A review of apoptosis, autophagy and programmed necrosis. Cell Prolif. 45:487–498. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Klionsky DJ, Abdelmohsen K, Abe A, Abedin MJ, Abeliovich H, Acevedo Arozena A, Adachi H, Adams CM, Adams PD, Adeli K, et al: Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition). Autophagy. 12:1–222. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Rao S, Tortola L, Perlot T, Wirnsberger G, Novatchkova M, Nitsch R, Sykacek P, Frank L, Schramek D, Komnenovic V, et al: A dual role for autophagy in a murine model of lung cancer. Nat Commun. 5:30562014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Ren JH, He WS, Nong L, Zhu QY, Hu K, Zhang RG, Huang LL, Zhu F and Wu G: Acquired cisplatin resistance in human lung adenocarcinoma cells is associated with enhanced autophagy. Cancer Biother Radiopharm. 25:75–80. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

White E: The role for autophagy in cancer. J Clin Invest. 125:42–46. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Sui X, Chen R, Wang Z, Huang Z, Kong N, Zhang M, Han W, Lou F, Yang J, Zhang Q, et al: Autophagy and chemotherapy resistance: A promising therapeutic target for cancer treatment. Cell Death Dis. 4:e8382013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Kroemer G and Levine B: Autophagic cell death: The story of a misnomer. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 9:1004–1010. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Shimizu S, Yoshida T, Tsujioka M and Arakawa S: Autophagic cell death and cancer. Int J Mol Sci. 15:3145–3153. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Zeng X and Kinsella TJ: Impact of autophagy on chemotherapy and radiotherapy mediated tumor cytotoxicity: ‘To Live or not to Live’. Front Oncol. 1:302011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Chang Y, Yan W, He X, Zhang L, Li C, Huang H, Nace G, Geller DA, Lin J and Tsung A: miR-375 inhibits autophagy and reduces viability of hepatocellular carcinoma cells under hypoxic conditions. Gastroenterology. 143:177–187.e8. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Zhang L, Cardinal JS, Pan P, Rosborough BR, Chang Y, Yan W, Huang H, Billiar TR, Rosengart MR and Tsung A: Splenocyte apoptosis and autophagy is mediated by interferon regulatory factor 1 during murine endotoxemia. Shock. 37:511–517. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Zhang L, Cardinal JS, Bahar R, Evankovich J, Huang H, Nace G, Billiar TR, Rosengart MR, Pan P and Tsung A: Interferon regulatory factor-1 regulates the autophagic response in LPS-stimulated macrophages through nitric oxide. Mol Med. 18:201–208. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Kitazumi I and Tsukahara M: Regulation of DNA fragmentation: The role of caspases and phosphorylation. FEBS J. 278:427–441. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Yang ZJ, Chee CE, Huang S and Sinicrope FA: The role of autophagy in cancer: Therapeutic implications. Mol Cancer Ther. 10:1533–1541. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Zhu K, Dunner K Jr and McConkey DJ: Proteasome inhibitors activate autophagy as a cytoprotective response in human prostate cancer cells. Oncogene. 29:451–462. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Siegel RL, Miller KD and Jemal A: Cancer statistics, 2016. CA Cancer J Clin. 66:7–30. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

de Castria TB, da Silva EM, Gois AF and Riera R: Cisplatin versus carboplatin in combination with third-generation drugs for advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev: CD009256. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Claerhout S, Verschooten L, Van Kelst S, De Vos R, Proby C, Agostinis P and Garmyn M: Concomitant inhibition of AKT and autophagy is required for efficient cisplatin-induced apoptosis of metastatic skin carcinoma. Int J Cancer. 127:2790–2803. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Kaminskyy VO, Piskunova T, Zborovskaya IB, Tchevkina EM and Zhivotovsky B: Suppression of basal autophagy reduces lung cancer cell proliferation and enhances caspase-dependent and -independent apoptosis by stimulating ROS formation. Autophagy. 8:1032–1044. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Zou Y, Ling YH, Sironi J, Schwartz EL, Perez-Soler R and Piperdi B: The autophagy inhibitor chloroquine overcomes the innate resistance of wild-type EGFR non-small-cell lung cancer cells to erlotinib. J Thorac Oncol. 8:693–702. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Liu F, Liu D, Yang Y and Zhao S: Effect of autophagy inhibition on chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in A549 lung cancer cells. Oncol Lett. 5:1261–1265. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Janku F, McConkey DJ, Hong DS and Kurzrock R: Autophagy as a target for anticancer therapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 8:528–539. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Eisenberg-Lerner A, Bialik S, Simon HU and Kimchi A: Life and death partners: Apoptosis, autophagy and the cross-talk between them. Cell Death Differ. 16:966–975. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Zhang YH, Wu YL, Tashiro S, Onodera S and Ikejima T: Reactive oxygen species contribute to oridonin-induced apoptosis and autophagy in human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 32:1266–1275. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Viola G, Bortolozzi R, Hamel E, Moro S, Brun P, Castagliuolo I, Ferlin MG and Basso G: MG-2477, a new tubulin inhibitor, induces autophagy through inhibition of the Akt/mTOR pathway and delayed apoptosis in A549 cells. Biochem Pharmacol. 83:16–26. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Driscoll JJ and Chowdhury RD: Molecular crosstalk between the proteasome, aggresomes and autophagy: Translational potential and clinical implications. Cancer Lett. 325:147–154. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Wu HM, Jiang ZF, Ding PS, Shao LJ and Liu RY: Hypoxia-induced autophagy mediates cisplatin resistance in lung cancer cells. Sci Rep. 5:122912015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Apel A, Herr I, Schwarz H, Rodemann HP and Mayer A: Blocked autophagy sensitizes resistant carcinoma cells to radiation therapy. Cancer Res. 68:1485–1494. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Livesey KM, Tang D, Zeh HJ and Lotze MT: Autophagy inhibition in combination cancer treatment. Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 10:1269–1279. 2009.PubMed/NCBI

38 

Han W, Pan H, Chen Y, Sun J, Wang Y, Li J, Ge W, Feng L, Lin X, Wang X, et al: EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors activate autophagy as a cytoprotective response in human lung cancer cells. PLoS One. 6:e186912011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Jiang ZF, Shao LJ, Wang WM, Yan XB and Liu RY: Decreased expression of Beclin-1 and LC3 in human lung cancer. Mol Biol Rep. 39:259–267. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Chen Z, Li Y, Zhang C, Yi H, Wu C, Wang J, Liu Y, Tan J and Wen J: Downregulation of Beclin 1 and impairment of autophagy in a small population of colorectal cancer. Dig Dis Sci. 58:2887–2894. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Shen Y, Li DD, Wang LL, Deng R and Zhu XF: Decreased expression of autophagy-related proteins in malignant epithelial ovarian cancer. Autophagy. 4:1067–1068. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Zhou WH, Tang F, Xu J, Wu X, Yang SB, Feng ZY, Ding YG, Wan XB, Guan Z, Li HG, et al: Low expression of Beclin 1, associated with high Bcl-xL, predicts a malignant phenotype and poor prognosis of gastric cancer. Autophagy. 8:389–400. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Wang X, Du Z, Li L, Shi M and Yu Y: Beclin 1 and p62 expression in non-small cell lung cancer: Relation with malignant behaviors and clinical outcome. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 8:10644–10652. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

44 

Scarlatti F, Maffei R, Beau I, Codogno P and Ghidoni R: Role of non-canonical Beclin 1-independent autophagy in cell death induced by resveratrol in human breast cancer cells. Cell Death Differ. 15:1318–1329. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Chang SH, Minai-Tehrani A, Shin JY, Park S, Kim JE, Yu KN, Hong SH, Hong CM, Lee KH, Beck GR Jr and Cho MH: Beclin1-induced autophagy abrogates radioresistance of lung cancer cells by suppressing osteopontin. J Radiat Res. 53:422–432. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Michaud M, Martins I, Sukkurwala AQ, Adjemian S, Ma Y, Pellegatti P, Shen S, Kepp O, Scoazec M, Mignot G, et al: Autophagy-dependent anticancer immune responses induced by chemotherapeutic agents in mice. Science. 334:1573–1577. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Chen J, Zhang L, Zhou H, Wang W, Luo Y, Yang H and Yi H: Inhibition of autophagy promotes cisplatin-induced apoptotic cell death through Atg5 and Beclin 1 in A549 human lung cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 17: 6859-6865, 2018.
APA
Chen, J., Zhang, L., Zhou, H., Wang, W., Luo, Y., Yang, H., & Yi, H. (2018). Inhibition of autophagy promotes cisplatin-induced apoptotic cell death through Atg5 and Beclin 1 in A549 human lung cancer cells. Molecular Medicine Reports, 17, 6859-6865. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.8686
MLA
Chen, J., Zhang, L., Zhou, H., Wang, W., Luo, Y., Yang, H., Yi, H."Inhibition of autophagy promotes cisplatin-induced apoptotic cell death through Atg5 and Beclin 1 in A549 human lung cancer cells". Molecular Medicine Reports 17.5 (2018): 6859-6865.
Chicago
Chen, J., Zhang, L., Zhou, H., Wang, W., Luo, Y., Yang, H., Yi, H."Inhibition of autophagy promotes cisplatin-induced apoptotic cell death through Atg5 and Beclin 1 in A549 human lung cancer cells". Molecular Medicine Reports 17, no. 5 (2018): 6859-6865. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.8686
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Chen J, Zhang L, Zhou H, Wang W, Luo Y, Yang H and Yi H: Inhibition of autophagy promotes cisplatin-induced apoptotic cell death through Atg5 and Beclin 1 in A549 human lung cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 17: 6859-6865, 2018.
APA
Chen, J., Zhang, L., Zhou, H., Wang, W., Luo, Y., Yang, H., & Yi, H. (2018). Inhibition of autophagy promotes cisplatin-induced apoptotic cell death through Atg5 and Beclin 1 in A549 human lung cancer cells. Molecular Medicine Reports, 17, 6859-6865. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.8686
MLA
Chen, J., Zhang, L., Zhou, H., Wang, W., Luo, Y., Yang, H., Yi, H."Inhibition of autophagy promotes cisplatin-induced apoptotic cell death through Atg5 and Beclin 1 in A549 human lung cancer cells". Molecular Medicine Reports 17.5 (2018): 6859-6865.
Chicago
Chen, J., Zhang, L., Zhou, H., Wang, W., Luo, Y., Yang, H., Yi, H."Inhibition of autophagy promotes cisplatin-induced apoptotic cell death through Atg5 and Beclin 1 in A549 human lung cancer cells". Molecular Medicine Reports 17, no. 5 (2018): 6859-6865. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.8686
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team