Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Molecular Medicine Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1791-2997 Online ISSN: 1791-3004
Journal Cover
January-2019 Volume 19 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
January-2019 Volume 19 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

PARP inhibitor re‑sensitizes Adriamycin resistant leukemia cells through DNA damage and apoptosis

  • Authors:
    • Jie Wu
    • Sheng Xiao
    • Miaomiao Yuan
    • Qianyuan Li
    • Guangfen Xiao
    • Wei Wu
    • Yuexian Ouyang
    • Lihua Huang
    • Chenjiao Yao
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Hematology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China, Center for Medical Experiments, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Wu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 75-84
    |
    Published online on: November 6, 2018
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.9628
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Resistance to Adriamycin (ADR) is an increasing problem in the treatment of leukemia and the development of novel therapeutic strategies is becoming increasingly important. Olaparib is a poly (adenosine diphosphate‑ribose) polymerase (PARP) 1 inhibitor, which has promising antitumor activity in patients with metastatic breast cancer and germline BRCA mutations. Previously published studies have indicated that Olaparib is able to overcome drug resistance in cancer; however, its underlying mechanism of action is yet to be elucidated. The aim of the present study was to explore the mechanism underlying re‑sensitization. Annexin V‑propidium iodide staining indicated that the percentage of apoptotic ADR resistant cells was markedly increased and the cell cycle was blocked at the G2/M‑phase following treatment with ADR combined with Olaparib, when compared with the control group. The alkaline comet assay demonstrated that ADR combined with Olaparib significantly upregulated the induction of the DNA damage response in ADR‑resistant cells. Western blot analysis revealed that the protein expression of γ‑H2A histone family member X, cleaved PARP, caspase 3 and cleaved caspase 3 was markedly enhanced, while the cell cycle‑associated protein cyclin B1 was downregulated in K562/ADR cells following treatment with a combination of ADR and Olaparib. Similar synergistic cytotoxicity was observed in blood mononuclear cells, which were isolated from patients with chemotherapy‑resistant leukemia. As Olaparib is available for clinical use, the results of the present study provide a rationale for the development of Olaparib combinational therapies for cases of ADR resistant leukemia.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

View References

1 

Zhang X, Ai Z, Chen J, Yi J, Liu Z, Zhao H and Wei H: Glycometabolic adaptation mediates the insensitivity of drug-resistant K562/ADM leukaemia cells to adriamycin via the AKT-mTOR/c-Myc signalling pathway. Mol Med Rep. 15:1869–1876. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Tabe Y, Konopleva M, Contractor R, Munsell M, Schober WD, Jin L, Tsutsumi-Ishii Y, Nagaoka I, Igari J and Andreeff M: Up-regulation of MDR1 and induction of doxorubicin resistance by histone deacetylase inhibitor depsipeptide (FK228) and ATRA in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. Blood. 107:1546–1554. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Vinod BS, Maliekal TT and Anto RJ: Phytochemicals as chemosensitizers: From molecular mechanism to clinical significance. Antioxid Redox Signal. 18:1307–1348. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Tomicic MT and Kaina B: Topoisomerase degradation, DSB repair, p53 and IAPs in cancer cell resistance to camptothecin-like topoisomerase I inhibitors. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1835:11–27. 2013.PubMed/NCBI

5 

Wang YQ, Wang PY, Wang YT, Yang GF, Zhang A and Miao ZH: An Update on Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 (PARP-1) Inhibitors: Opportunities and challenges in cancer therapy. J Med Chem. 59:9575–9598. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Neri P, Ren L, Gratton K, Stebner E, Johnson J, Klimowicz A, Duggan P, Tassone P, Mansoor A, Stewart DA, et al: Bortezomib-induced ‘BRCAness’ sensitizes multiple myeloma cells to PARP inhibitors. Blood. 118:6368–6379. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Gill SJ, Travers J, Pshenichnaya I, Kogera FA, Barthorpe S, Mironenko T, Richardson L, Benes CH, Stratton MR, McDermott U, et al: Combinations of PARP inhibitors with temozolomide drive PARP1 trapping and apoptosis in ewing's sarcoma. PloS one. 10:e01409882015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Kim G, Ison G, McKee AE, Zhang H, Tang S, Gwise T, Sridhara R, Lee E, Tzou A, Philip R, et al: FDA approval summary: Olaparib monotherapy in patients with deleterious germline BRCA-mutated advanced ovarian cancer treated with three or more lines of chemotherapy. Clin Cancer Res. 21:4257–4261. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Mateo J, Carreira S, Sandhu S, Miranda S, Mossop H, Perez-Lopez R, Nava Rodrigues D, Robinson D, Omlin A, Tunariu N, et al: DNA-repair defects and olaparib in metastatic prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 373:1697–1708. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Helleday T: PARP inhibitor receives FDA breakthrough therapy designation in castration resistant prostate cancer: Beyond germline BRCA mutations. Ann Oncol. 27:755–757. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Yao C, Du W, Chen H, Xiao S, Huang L and Chen FP: Involvement of fanconi anemia genes FANCD2 and FANCF in the molecular basis of drug resistance in leukemia. Mol Med Rep. 11:4605–4610. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Mouw KW and D'Andrea AD: Crosstalk between the nucleotide excision repair and Fanconi anemia/BRCA pathways. DNA Repair (Amst). 19:130–134. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Xiong T, Wei H, Chen X and Xiao H: PJ34, a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, reverses melphalan-resistance and inhibits repair of DNA double-strand breaks by targeting the FA/BRCA pathway in multidrug resistant multiple myeloma cell line RPMI8226/R. Int J Oncol. 46:223–232. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

D'Andrea AD: Susceptibility pathways in fanconi's anemia and breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 362:1909–1919. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

McCabe N, Turner NC, Lord CJ, Kluzek K, Bialkowska A, Swift S, Giavara S, O'Connor MJ, Tutt AN, Zdzienicka MZ, et al: Deficiency in the repair of DNA damage by homologous recombination and sensitivity to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition. Cancer Res. 66:8109–8115. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Pacher P, Liaudet L, Bai P, Virag L, Mabley JG, Haskó G and Szabó C: Activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase contributes to development of doxorubicin-induced heart failure. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 300:862–867. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Xia B, Tian C, Guo S, Zhang L, Zhao D, Qu F, Zhao W, Wang Y, Wu X, Da W, et al: c-Myc plays part in drug resistance mediated by bone marrow stromal cells in acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Res. 39:92–99. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Tang L, Zhang Y, Pan H, Luo Q, Zhu XM, Dong MY, Leung PC, Sheng JZ and Huang HF: Involvement of cyclin B1 in progesterone-mediated cell growth inhibition, G2/M cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in human endometrial cell. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 7:1442009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Menear KA, Adcock C, Boulter R, Cockcroft XL, Copsey L, Cranston A, Dillon KJ, Drzewiecki J, Garman S, Gomez S, et al: 4-[3-(4-cyclopropanecarbonylpiperazine-1-carbonyl)-4-fluoroben zyl]-2H-phthalazin-1-one: A novel bioavailable inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1. J Med Chem. 51:6581–6591. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Yao C, Du W, Chen H, Xiao S, Huang L and Chen F: The Fanconi anemia/BRCA pathway is involved in DNA interstrand cross-link repair of adriamycin-resistant leukemia cells. Leuk Lymphoma. 56:755–762. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Chen P, Li J, Jiang HG, Lan T and Chen YC: Curcumin reverses cisplatin resistance in cisplatin-resistant lung caner cells by inhibiting FA/BRCA pathway. Tumour Biol. 36:3591–3599. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Peremarti J, Ramos F, Marcos R and Hernandez A: Arsenic exposure disrupts the normal function of the FA/BRCA repair pathway. Toxicol Sci. 142:93–104. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Li GY, Liu JZ, Zhang B, Wang LX, Wang CB and Chen SG: Cyclosporine diminishes multidrug resistance in K562/ADM cells and improves complete remission in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Biomed Pharmacother. 63:566–570. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Fong PC, Boss DS, Yap TA, Tutt A, Wu P, Mergui-Roelvink M, Mortimer P, Swaisland H, Lau A, O'Connor MJ, et al: Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in tumors from BRCA mutation carriers. N Engl J Med. 361:123–134. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Mariano G, Ricciardi MR, Trisciuoglio D, Zampieri M, Ciccarone F, Guastafierro T, Calabrese R, Valentini E, Tafuri A, Del Bufalo D, et al: PARP inhibitor ABT-888 affects response of MDA-MB-231 cells to doxorubicin treatment, targeting snail expression. Oncotarget. 6:15008–15021. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Xu K, Chen Z, Cui Y, Qin C, He Y and Song X: Combined olaparib and oxaliplatin inhibits tumor proliferation and induces G2/M arrest and gamma-H2AX foci formation in colorectal cancer. OncoTargets Ther. 8:3047–3054. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Ujiki MB, Ding XZ, Salabat MR, Bentrem DJ, Golkar L, Milam B, Talamonti MS, Bell RH Jr, Iwamura T and Adrian TE: Apigenin inhibits pancreatic cancer cell proliferation through G2/M cell cycle arrest. Mol Cancer. 5:762006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Yadav N, Kumar P, Chhikara A and Chopra M: Development of 1,3,4-oxadiazole thione based novel anticancer agents: Design, synthesis and in-vitro studies. Biomed Pharmacother. 95:721–730. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Dong Y, Xiong M, Duan L, Liu Z, Niu T, Luo Y, Wu X, Xu C and Lu C: H2AX phosphorylation regulated by p38 is involved in bim expression and apoptosis in chronic myelogenous leukemia cells induced by imatinib. Apoptosis. 19:1281–1292. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Liu B, Jian Z, Li Q, Li K, Wang Z, Liu L, Tang L, Yi X, Wang H, Li C and Gao T: Baicalein protects human melanocytes from H(2)O(2)-induced apoptosis via inhibiting mitochondria-dependent caspase activation and the p38 MAPK pathway. Free Radic Biol Med. 53:183–193. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

D'Amours D, Desnoyers S, D'Silva I and Poirier GG: Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation reactions in the regulation of nuclear functions. Biochem J. 342:249–268. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Xu P, Cai X, Zhang W, Li Y, Qiu P, Lu D and He X: Flavonoids of rosa roxburghii tratt exhibit radioprotection and anti-apoptosis properties via the Bcl-2(Ca(2+))/Caspase-3/PARP-1 pathway. Apoptosis. 21:1125–1143. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Cohen GM: Caspases: The executioners of apoptosis. Biochem J. 326:1–16. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Nicholson DW and Thornberry NA: Caspases: Killer proteases. Trends Biochem Sci. 22:299–306. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Nicolini F, Burmistrova O, Marrero MT, Torres F, Hernández C, Quintana J and Estévez F: Induction of G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis by the flavonoid tamarixetin on human leukemia cells. Mol Carcinog. 53:939–950. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

37 

Uchida K and Miwa M: Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase: Structural conservation among different classes of animals and its implications. Mol Cell Biochem. 138:25–32. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Wu J, Xiao S, Yuan M, Li Q, Xiao G, Wu W, Ouyang Y, Huang L and Yao C: PARP inhibitor re‑sensitizes Adriamycin resistant leukemia cells through DNA damage and apoptosis. Mol Med Rep 19: 75-84, 2019.
APA
Wu, J., Xiao, S., Yuan, M., Li, Q., Xiao, G., Wu, W. ... Yao, C. (2019). PARP inhibitor re‑sensitizes Adriamycin resistant leukemia cells through DNA damage and apoptosis. Molecular Medicine Reports, 19, 75-84. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.9628
MLA
Wu, J., Xiao, S., Yuan, M., Li, Q., Xiao, G., Wu, W., Ouyang, Y., Huang, L., Yao, C."PARP inhibitor re‑sensitizes Adriamycin resistant leukemia cells through DNA damage and apoptosis". Molecular Medicine Reports 19.1 (2019): 75-84.
Chicago
Wu, J., Xiao, S., Yuan, M., Li, Q., Xiao, G., Wu, W., Ouyang, Y., Huang, L., Yao, C."PARP inhibitor re‑sensitizes Adriamycin resistant leukemia cells through DNA damage and apoptosis". Molecular Medicine Reports 19, no. 1 (2019): 75-84. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.9628
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Wu J, Xiao S, Yuan M, Li Q, Xiao G, Wu W, Ouyang Y, Huang L and Yao C: PARP inhibitor re‑sensitizes Adriamycin resistant leukemia cells through DNA damage and apoptosis. Mol Med Rep 19: 75-84, 2019.
APA
Wu, J., Xiao, S., Yuan, M., Li, Q., Xiao, G., Wu, W. ... Yao, C. (2019). PARP inhibitor re‑sensitizes Adriamycin resistant leukemia cells through DNA damage and apoptosis. Molecular Medicine Reports, 19, 75-84. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.9628
MLA
Wu, J., Xiao, S., Yuan, M., Li, Q., Xiao, G., Wu, W., Ouyang, Y., Huang, L., Yao, C."PARP inhibitor re‑sensitizes Adriamycin resistant leukemia cells through DNA damage and apoptosis". Molecular Medicine Reports 19.1 (2019): 75-84.
Chicago
Wu, J., Xiao, S., Yuan, M., Li, Q., Xiao, G., Wu, W., Ouyang, Y., Huang, L., Yao, C."PARP inhibitor re‑sensitizes Adriamycin resistant leukemia cells through DNA damage and apoptosis". Molecular Medicine Reports 19, no. 1 (2019): 75-84. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.9628
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team