Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Molecular Medicine Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1791-2997 Online ISSN: 1791-3004
Journal Cover
March-2020 Volume 21 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
March-2020 Volume 21 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Ginsenosides reduce body weight and ameliorate hepatic steatosis in high fat diet‑induced obese mice via endoplasmic reticulum stress and p‑STAT3/STAT3 signaling

  • Authors:
    • Yin Yao
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200000, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Yao et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 1059-1070
    |
    Published online on: January 13, 2020
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2020.10935
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Obesity has been increasing globally for over three decades. According to previous studies, dietary obesity is usually associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and STAT3 signaling, which result in interference with the homeostatic control of energy and lipid metabolism. Ginsenosides (GS) administered to mice will modulate adiposity and food intake; however, the mechanism of food inhibition is unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether GS may inhibit ERS and regulate STAT3 phosphorylation in GT1‑7 cells (a mouse hypothalamus gonadotropin‑releasing hormone neuron cell line) and the hypothalamus in order to reduce the body weight and ameliorate hepatic steatosis in high fat diet (HFD)‑induced obese mice. In the present study, GS inhibited the appetite, reduced the body weight, visceral fat, body fat content and blood glucose, and ameliorated the glucose tolerance of the obese mice compared with HFD mice. In addition, the levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, triglyceride (TG), leptin and insulin in the serum were reduced compared with HFD mice. There was less TG in the liver, but more in the feces compared with HFD mice. Using hematoxylin and eosin staining of HepG2 cells and liver tissues, GS were demonstrated to improve the non‑alcoholic fatty liver of the HFD‑induced obese mice and reduce the diameter of the fat cells compared with HFD mice. GS also increased oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide emissions in the metabolic cage data compared with HFD mice. In the GT1‑7 cells, GS alleviated the ERS induced by tunicamycin and enhanced the activation of the STAT3 phosphorylation pathway. Furthermore the ERS of the liver was relieved to achieve the aforementioned pharmacological effects. GS were used in the homeostatic control of the energy and lipid metabolism of a diet‑induced obesity model. In conclusion, present studies suggest that GS exert these effects by increasing STAT3 phosphorylation expression and reducing the ERS. Thus, GS reduce body weight and ameliorate hepatic steatosis in HFD‑induced obese mice.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

View References

1 

Kinlen D, Cody D and O'Shea D: Complications of obesity. QJM. 111:437–443. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Ahirwar R and Mondal PR: Prevalence of obesity in India: A systematic review. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 13:318–321. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Hu L, Huang X, You C, Li J, Hong K, Li P, Wu Y, Wu Q, Wang Z, Gao R, et al: Prevalence of overweight, obesity, abdominal obesity and obesity-related risk factors in southern China. PLoS One. 12:e01839342017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Yilmaz Y and Younossi ZM: Obesity-associated nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Liver Dis. 18:19–31. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Fruh SM: Obesity: Risk factors, complications, and strategies for sustainable long-term weight management. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract. 29 (Suppl 1):S3–S14. 2017.PubMed/NCBI

6 

Sáinz N, Barrenetxe J, Moreno-Aliaga MJ and Martínez JA: Leptin resistance and diet-induced obesity: Central and peripheral actions of leptin. Metabolism. 64:35–46. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Eseberri I, Lasa A, Miranda J, Gracia A and Portillo MP: Potential miRNA involvement in the anti-adipogenic effect of resveratrol and its metabolites. PLoS One. 12:e01848752017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Xu L, Li H, Zhou G, Lu W, Yang R, Liu H and Yang G: DNA-binding activity of STAT3 increased in hypothalamus of DIO mice; the reduction of STAT3 phosphorylation may facilitate leptin signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 505:229–235. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Chen Y, Lu W, Jin Z, Yu J and Shi B: Carbenoxolone ameliorates hepatic lipid metabolism and inflammation in obese mice induced by high fat diet via regulating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol. 74:1054982019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Habib DF, Fahmi AA, Kholousy NM, Amin AI, Shalaby M, Ahmed MM and Shanab AMA: The role of liver in leptin metabolism in experimental nephrotic syndrome. EXCLI J. 10:322–331. 2011.PubMed/NCBI

11 

Bergmann TJ and Molinari M: Three branches to rule them all? UPR signaling in response to chemicallyversus misfolded proteins-induced ER stress. Biol Cell. 110:197–204. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Saito A: Physiological functions of endoplasmic reticulum stress transducer OASIS in central nervous system. Anat Sci Int. 89:11–20. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Yilmaz E: Endoplasmic reticulum stress and obesity. Adv Exp Med Biol. 960:261–276. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Ding S, Jiang J, Zhang G, Bu Y, Zhang G and Zhao X: Resveratrol and caloric restriction prevent hepatic steatosis by regulating SIRT1-autophagy pathway and alleviating endoplasmic reticulum stress in high-fat diet-fed rats. PLoS One. 12:e01835412017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Kozuka C, Shimizu-Okabe C, Takayama C, Nakano K, Morinaga H, Kinjo A, Fukuda K, Kamei A, Yasuoka A, Kondo T, et al: Marked augmentation of PLGA nanoparticle-induced metabolically beneficial impact of ү-oryzanol on fuel dyshomeostasis in genetically obese-diabetic ob/ob mice. Drug Deliv. 24:558–568. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Abenavoli L, Di Renzo L, Boccuto L, Alwardat N, Gratteri S and De Lorenzo A: Health benefits of Mediterranean diet in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 12:873–881. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Shin J, He M, Liu Y, Paredes S, Villanova L, Brown K, Qiu X, Nabavi N, Mohrin M, Wojnoonski K, et al: SIRT7 represses Myc activity to suppress ER stress and prevent fatty liver disease. Cell Rep. 5:654–665. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Henkel A and Green RM: The unfolded protein response in fatty liver disease. Semin Liver Dis. 33:321–329. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Sozio MS, Liangpunsakul S and Crabb D: The role of lipid metabolism in the pathogenesis of alcoholic and nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis. Semin Liver Dis. 30:378–390. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Zhang Y, Tang C, Tian Y, Yuan H, Gao R and Cao J: Effects of electroacupuncture combined with dietary control on liver endoplasmic reticulum stress in rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Zhongguo Zhen Jiu. 36:951–956. 2016.(In Chinese). PubMed/NCBI

21 

Li Z and Ji GE: Ginseng and obesity. J Ginseng Res. 42:1–8. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Shin BK, Kwon SW and Park JH: Chemical diversity of ginseng saponins from Panax ginseng. J Ginseng Res. 39:287–298. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Christensen LP: Chapter 1 Ginsenosides: Chemistry, biosynthesis, analysis, and potential health effects. Adv Food Nutr Res. 55:1–99. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Kim JH: Pharmacological and medical applications of Panax ginseng and ginsenosides: A review for use in cardiovascular diseases. J Ginseng Res. 42:264–269. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Cui ZY, Jo E, Jang HJ, Hwang HI, Lee KB, Yoo HS, Park SJ, Jung MK, Lee YW and Jang IS: Modified ginseng extract induces apoptosis in HepG2 cancer cells by blocking the CXCL8-mediated Akt/Nuclear Factor-κB signaling pathway. Am J Chin Med. 46:1645–1662. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Lee JB, Yoon SJ, Lee SH, Lee MS, Jung H, Kim TD, Yoon SR, Choi I, Kim IS, Chung SW, et al: Ginsenoside Rg3 ameliorated HFD-induced hepatic steatosis through downregulation of STAT5-PPARү. J Endocrinol. 235:223–235. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Etou H, Sakata T, Fujimoto K, Terada K, Yoshimatsu H, Ookuma K, Hayashi T and Arichi S: Ginsenoside-Rb1 as a suppressor in central modulation of feeding in the rat. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi. 91:9–15. 1988.(In Japanese). View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Hurtado-Carneiro V, Sanz C, Roncero I, Vazquez P, Blazquez E and Alvarez E: Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (GLP-1) can reverse AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and S6 Kinase (P70S6K) activities induced by fluctuations in glucose levels in hypothalamic areas involved in feeding behaviour. Mol Neurobiol. 45:348–361. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Li Z and Ji GE: Ginseng and obesity. J Ginseng Res. 42:1–8. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Wu LX, Xu YY, Yang ZJ and Feng Q: Hydroxytyrosol and olive leaf extract exert cardioprotective effects by inhibiting GRP78 and CHOP expression. J Biomed Res. 32:371–379. 2018.PubMed/NCBI

31 

Fan S, Zhang Y, Sun Q, Yu L, Li M, Zheng B, Wu X, Yang B, Li Y and Huang C: Extract of okra lowers blood glucose and serum lipids in high-fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice. J Nutr Biochem. 25:702–709. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Gao J, Bai H, Li Q, Li J, Wan F, Tian M, Li Y, Song Y, Zhang J and Si Y: In vitro investigation of the mechanism underlying the effect of ginsenoside on the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion. Int J Mol Med. 41:353–363. 2018.PubMed/NCBI

33 

Luo L, Yin L, Wang D, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Li F, Fang J, Chen H, Fan S and Huang C: Ginkgolide B lowers body weight and ameliorates hepatic steatosis in high-fat diet-induced obese mice correlated with pregnane X receptor activation. RSC Adv. 7:37858–37866. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Arif A, Terenzi F, Potdar AA, Jia J, Sacks J, China A, Halawani D, Vasu K, Li X, Brown JM, et al: EPRS is a critical mTORC1-S6K1 effector that influences adiposity in mice. Nature. 542:357–361. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Kleiner DE, Brunt EM, Van Natta M, Behling C, Contos MJ, Cummings OW, Ferrell LD, Liu YC, Torbenson MS, Unalp-Arida A, et al: Design and validation of a histological scoring system for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology. 41:1313–1321. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

la Fuente FP, Quezada L, Sepúlveda C, Monsalves-Alvarez M, Rodríguez JM, Sacristán C, Chiong M, Llanos M, Espinosa A and Troncoso R: Exercise regulates lipid droplet dynamics in normal and fatty liver. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids. 1864:1585192019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Gerlini R, Berti L, Darr J, Lassi M, Brandmaier S, Fritsche L, Scheid F, Böhm A, Königsrainer A, Grallert H, et al: Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity define adipocyte transcriptional programs in human obesity. Mol Metab. 18:42–50. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Coccia F, Testa M, Guarisco G, Di Cristofano C, Silecchia G, Leonetti F, Gastaldelli A and Capoccia D: Insulin resistance, but not insulin response, during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is associated to worse histological outcome in obese NAFLD. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. Aug 10–2019.doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.08.001 (Epub ahead of print). PubMed/NCBI

39 

Rosenzweig T, Skalka N, Rozenberg K, Elyasiyana U, Pinkusb A, Greenb B, Stanevskyb M and Drori E: Red wine and wine pomace reduced the development of insulin resistance and liver steatosis in HFD-fed mice. J Funct Foods. 34:379–389. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar

40 

Garg N, Thakur S, McMahan CA and Adamo ML: High fat diet induced insulin resistance and glucose intolerance are gender-specific in IGF-1R heterozygous mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 413:476–480. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Loftus TM, Maggs DG and Lane MD: The adipose tissue/central nervous system axis. Diabetologia. 40 (Suppl 3):B16–B20. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Svensson AM, Hellerstrom C and Jansson L: Diet-induced obesity and pancreatic islet blood flow in the rat: A preferential increase in islet blood perfusion persists after withdrawal of the diet and normalization of body weight. J Endocrinol. 151:507–511. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Zakrzewska KE, Cusin I, Stricker-Krongrad A, Boss O, Ricquier D, Jeanrenaud B and Rohner-Jeanrenaud F: Induction of obesity and hyperleptinemia by central glucocorticoid infusion in the rat. Diabetes. 48:365–370. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Strader AD, Reizes O, Woods SC, Benoit SC and Seeley RJ: Mice lacking the syndecan-3 gene are resistant to diet-induced obesity. J Clin Invest. 114:1354–1360. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Müller C, Gardemann A, Keilhoff G, Peter D, Wiswedel I and Schild L: Prevention of free fatty acid-induced lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and cell death in primary hepatocyte cultures by a Gynostemma pentaphyllum extract. Phytomedicine. 19:395–401. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Sheng L, Cho KW, Zhou Y, Shen H and Rui L: Lipocalin 13 protein protects against hepatic steatosis by both inhibiting lipogenesis and stimulating fatty acid β-oxidation. J Biol Chem. 286:38128–38135. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Gao Q, Jia Y, Yang G, Zhang X, Boddu PC, Petersen B, Narsingam S, Zhu YJ, Thimmapaya B, Kanwar YS and Reddy JK: PPARα-deficient ob/ob obese mice become more obese and manifest severe hepatic steatosis due to decreased fatty acid oxidation. Am J Pathol. 185:1396–1408. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

48 

Takagi K, Saito H and Tsuchiya M: Effect of panax ginseng root on spontaneous movement and exercise in mice. Jpn J Pharmacol. 24:41–48. 1974. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

49 

Watanabe H, Ohta H, Imamura L, Asakura W, Matoba Y and Matsumoto K: Effect of Panax ginseng on age-related changes in the spontaneous motor activity and dopaminergic nervous system in the rat. Jpn J Pharmacol. 55:51–56. 1991. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

50 

Lee J, Liu J, Feng X, Salazar Hernández MA, Mucka P, Ibi D, Choi JW and Ozcan U: Withaferin A is a leptin sensitizer with strong antidiabetic properties in mice. Nat Med. 22:1023–1032. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

51 

Xu Y, Ding J, An JN, Qu YK, Li X, Ma XP, Zhang YM, Dai GJ and Lin N: Effect of the Interaction of Veratrum Nigrum with Panax ginseng on estrogenic activity in vivo and in vitro. Sci Rep. 6:269242016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

52 

Zheng M, Xin Y, Li Y, Xu F, Xi X, Guo H, Cui X, Cao H, Zhang X and Han C: Ginsenosides: A potential neuroprotective agent. Biomed Res Int. 2018:81743452018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

53 

Riaz M, Rahman NU, Zia-Ul-Haq M, Jaffar HZE and Manea R: Ginseng: A dietary supplement as immune-modulator in various diseases. Trends Food Sci Technol. 83:12–30. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar

54 

Kim KH, Lee D, Lee HL, Kim CE, Jung K and Kang KS: Beneficial effects of Panax ginseng for the treatment and prevention of neurodegenerative diseases: Past findings and future directions. J Ginseng Res. 42:239–247. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

55 

Chen T, Li B, Qiu Y, Qiu Z and Qu P: Functional mechanism of Ginsenosides on tumor growth and metastasis. Saudi J Biol Sci. 25:917–922. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

56 

Kim JH, Yi YS, Kim MY and Cho JY: Role of ginsenosides, the main active components of Panax ginseng, in inflammatory responses and diseases. J Ginseng Res. 41:435–443. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

57 

Zhang L, Virgous C and Si H: Ginseng and obesity: Observations and understanding in cultured cells, animals and humans. J Nutr Biochem. 44:1–10. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

58 

Majumdar SK, Shaw GK, O'Gorman P and Thomson AD: The effect of naftidrofuryl on ethanol-induced liver damage in chronic alcoholic patients. Drug Alcohol Depend. 10:135–142. 1982. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

59 

Musialik J, Suchecka W, Klimacka-Nawrot E, Petelenz M, Hartman M and Błońska-Fajfrowska B: Taste and appetite disorders of chronic hepatitis C patients. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 24:1400–1405. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

60 

Kim HG, Jang SS, Lee JS, Kim HS and Son CG: Panax ginseng Meyer prevents radiation-induced liver injury via modulation of oxidative stress and apoptosis. J Ginseng Res. 41:159–168. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

61 

Niranjana Murthy H, Dandin VS and Yoeup Paek K: Hepatoprotective activity of ginsenosides from Panax ginseng adventitious roots against carbon tetrachloride treated hepatic injury in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 158:442–446. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

62 

Chen W, Balland E and Cowley MA: Hypothalamic insulin resistance in obesity: Effects on glucose homeostasis. Neuroendocrinology. 104:364–381. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

63 

Hofmann A, Peitzsch M, Brunssen C, Mittag J, Jannasch A, Frenzel A, Brown N, Weldon SM, Eisenhofer G, Bornstein SR and Morawietz H: Elevated steroid hormone production in the db/db mouse model of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Horm Metab Res. 49:43–49. 2017.PubMed/NCBI

64 

Chen HJ and Liu J: Actein ameliorates hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in high fat diet-induced NAFLD by regulation of insulin and leptin resistant. Biomed Pharmacother. 97:1386–1396. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

65 

Crujeiras AB, Carreira MC, Cabia B, Andrade S, Amil M and Casanueva FF: Leptin resistance in obesity: An epigenetic landscape. Life Sci. 140:57–63. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

66 

Adam CL and Findlay PA: Decreased blood-brain leptin transfer in an ovine model of obesity and weight loss: Resolving the cause of leptin resistance. Int J Obes (Lond). 34:980–988. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

67 

Myers MG Jr, Leibel RL, Seeley RJ and Schwartz MW: Obesity and leptin resistance: Distinguishing cause from effect. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 21:643–651. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

68 

Ibars M, Ardid-Ruiz A, Suárez M, Muguerza B, Bladé C and Aragonès G: Proanthocyanidins potentiate hypothalamic leptin/STAT3 signalling and Pomc gene expression in rats with diet-induced obesity signalling. Int J Obes (Lond). 41:129–136. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

69 

Contreras C, Fondevila MF and López M: Hypothalamic GRP78, a new target against obesity? Adipocyte. 7:63–66. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

70 

Raptis L, Arulanandam R, Geletu M and Turkson J: The R(h)oads to Stat3: Stat3 activation by the Rho GTPases. Exp Cell Res. 317:1787–1795. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

71 

Koga S, Kojima A, Ishikawa C, Kuwabara S, Arai K and Yoshiyama Y: Effects of diet-induced obesity and voluntary exercise in a tauopathy mouse model: Implications of persistent hyperleptinemia and enhanced astrocytic leptin receptor expression. Neurobiol Dis. 71:180–192. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

72 

Liu J, Lee J, Salazar Hernandez MA, Mazitschek R and Ozcan U: Treatment of Obesity with Celastrol. Cell. 161:999–1011. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

73 

Sahin-Efe A, Polyzos SA, Dincer F, Zaichenko L, McGovern R, Schneider B and Mantzoros CS: Intracellular leptin signaling following effective weight loss. Metabolism. 64:888–895. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

74 

Scarpace PJ, Matheny M and Shek EW: Impaired leptin signal transduction with age-related obesity. Neuropharmacology. 39:1872–1879. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

75 

Scarpace PJ and Tümer N: Peripheral and hypothalamic leptin resistance with age-related obesity. Physiol Behav. 74:721–727. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

76 

Scarpace PJ, Matheny M and Tümer N: Hypothalamic leptin resistance is associated with impaired leptin signal transduction in aged obese rats. Neuroscience. 104:1111–1117. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

77 

Oakes SA and Papa FR: The role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in human pathology. Annu Rev Pathol. 10:173–194. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

78 

Schwarz DS and Blower MD: The endoplasmic reticulum: Structure, function and response to cellular signaling. Cell Mol Life Sci. 73:79–94. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

79 

Ye Z, Liu G, Guo J and Su Z: Hypothalamic endoplasmic reticulum stress as a key mediator of obesity-induced leptin resistance. Obes Rev. 19:770–785. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

80 

Tsuchiya Y, Saito M and Kohno K: Pathogenic mechanism of diabetes development due to dysfunction of unfolded protein response. Yakugaku Zasshi. 136:817–825. 2016.(In Japanese). View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

81 

Joe Y, Kim S, Kim HJ, Park J, Chen Y, Park HJ, Jekal SJ, Ryter SW, Kim UH and Chung HT: FGF21 induced by carbon monoxide mediates metabolic homeostasisviathe PERK/ATF4 pathway. FASEB J. 32:2630–2643. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

82 

Cai M, Wang H, Li JJ, Zhang YL, Xin L, Li F and Lou SJ: The signaling mechanisms of hippocampal endoplasmic reticulum stress affecting neuronal plasticity-related protein levels in high fat diet-induced obese rats and the regulation of aerobic exercise. Brain Behav Immun. 57:347–359. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

83 

Wang D, Lao L, Pang X, Qiao Q, Pang L, Feng Z, Bai F, Sun X, Lin X and Wei J: Asiatic acid from Potentilla chinensis alleviates non-alcoholic fatty liver by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress and lipid metabolism. Int Immunopharmacol. 65:256–267. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

84 

Fujii J, Homma T, Kobayashi S and Seo HG: Mutual interaction between oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress in the pathogenesis of diseases specifically focusing on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Biol Chem. 9:1–15. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Yao Y: Ginsenosides reduce body weight and ameliorate hepatic steatosis in high fat diet‑induced obese mice via endoplasmic reticulum stress and p‑STAT3/STAT3 signaling. Mol Med Rep 21: 1059-1070, 2020.
APA
Yao, Y. (2020). Ginsenosides reduce body weight and ameliorate hepatic steatosis in high fat diet‑induced obese mice via endoplasmic reticulum stress and p‑STAT3/STAT3 signaling. Molecular Medicine Reports, 21, 1059-1070. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2020.10935
MLA
Yao, Y."Ginsenosides reduce body weight and ameliorate hepatic steatosis in high fat diet‑induced obese mice via endoplasmic reticulum stress and p‑STAT3/STAT3 signaling". Molecular Medicine Reports 21.3 (2020): 1059-1070.
Chicago
Yao, Y."Ginsenosides reduce body weight and ameliorate hepatic steatosis in high fat diet‑induced obese mice via endoplasmic reticulum stress and p‑STAT3/STAT3 signaling". Molecular Medicine Reports 21, no. 3 (2020): 1059-1070. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2020.10935
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Yao Y: Ginsenosides reduce body weight and ameliorate hepatic steatosis in high fat diet‑induced obese mice via endoplasmic reticulum stress and p‑STAT3/STAT3 signaling. Mol Med Rep 21: 1059-1070, 2020.
APA
Yao, Y. (2020). Ginsenosides reduce body weight and ameliorate hepatic steatosis in high fat diet‑induced obese mice via endoplasmic reticulum stress and p‑STAT3/STAT3 signaling. Molecular Medicine Reports, 21, 1059-1070. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2020.10935
MLA
Yao, Y."Ginsenosides reduce body weight and ameliorate hepatic steatosis in high fat diet‑induced obese mice via endoplasmic reticulum stress and p‑STAT3/STAT3 signaling". Molecular Medicine Reports 21.3 (2020): 1059-1070.
Chicago
Yao, Y."Ginsenosides reduce body weight and ameliorate hepatic steatosis in high fat diet‑induced obese mice via endoplasmic reticulum stress and p‑STAT3/STAT3 signaling". Molecular Medicine Reports 21, no. 3 (2020): 1059-1070. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2020.10935
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team