Effect of thymoquinone on Fusobacterium nucleatum‑associated biofilm and inflammation

Tada,Ayano; Nakayama‑Imaohji,Haruyuki; Yamasaki,Hisashi; Elahi,Miad; Nagao,Tamiko; Yagi,Hirofumi; Ishikawa,Masao; Shibuya,Koji; Kuwahara,Tomomi

doi:10.3892/mmr.2020.11136

Effect of thymoquinone on Fusobacterium nucleatum‑associated biofilm and inflammation

Authors:
- Ayano Tada
- Haruyuki Nakayama‑Imaohji
- Hisashi Yamasaki
- Miad Elahi
- Tamiko Nagao
- Hirofumi Yagi
- Masao Ishikawa
- Koji Shibuya
- Tomomi Kuwahara
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Affiliations: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761‑0793, Japan, Division of Biology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663‑8501, Japan, Faculty of Nursing, Shikoku University, Ohjin, Tokushima 771‑1192, Japan, Laboratory for Oral Health Science, Tokyo 103‑0012, Japan
Published online on: May 7, 2020 https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2020.11136
Pages: 643-650
Copyright: © Tada et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Periodontitis affects oral tissues and induces systemic inflammation, which increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. Subgingival plaque accumulation is a trigger of periodontitis. Fusobacterium nucleatum (FN) contributes to subgingival biofilm complexity by intercalating with early and late bacterial colonizers on tooth surfaces. In addition, inflammatory responses to FN are associated with the progression of periodontitis. Nigella sativa Lin. seed, which is known as black cumin (BC), has been used as a herbal medicine to treat ailments such as asthma and infectious diseases. The current study examined the inhibitory effect of BC oil and its active constituents, thymol (TM) and thymoquinone (TQ), on FN‑associated biofilm and inflammation. FN‑containing biofilms were prepared by co‑cultivation with an early dental colonizer, Actinomyces naeslundii (AN). The stability and biomass of FN/AN dual species biofilms were significantly higher compared with FN alone. This effect was retained even with prefixed cells, indicating that FN/AN co‑aggregation is mediated by physicochemical interactions with cell surface molecules. FN/AN biofilm formation was significantly inhibited by 0.1% TM or TQ. Confocal laser scanning microscopy indicated that treatment of preformed FN/AN biofilm with 0.01% of BC, TM or TQ significantly reduced biofilm thickness, and TQ demonstrated a cleansing effect equivalent to that of isopropyl methylphenol. TQ dose‑dependently suppressed TNF‑α production from a human monocytic cell line, THP‑1 exposed to FN, yet showed no toxicity to THP‑1 cells. These results indicated that oral hygiene care using TQ could reduce FN‑associated biofilm and inflammation in gingival tissue.

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