Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Molecular Medicine Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1791-2997 Online ISSN: 1791-3004
Journal Cover
November-2020 Volume 22 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
November-2020 Volume 22 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Review Open Access

Exosomal non‑coding RNAs: Novel biomarkers with emerging clinical applications in gastric cancer (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Xu Lu
    • Yu Zhang
    • Guangfei Xie
    • Ye Ding
    • Hui Cong
    • Shihai Xuan
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Dongtai Hospital of Nantong University, Dongtai, Jiangsu 224200, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Lu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 4091-4100
    |
    Published online on: September 17, 2020
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2020.11519
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common types of malignant tumor and it demonstrates high mortality rates. The majority of cases of GC are diagnosed at an advanced stage, which seriously endangers the health of the patient. Therefore, discovering a novel diagnostic method for GC is a current priority. Exosomes are 40 to 150‑nm‑diameter vesicles consisting of a lipid bilayer secreted by a variety of cells that exist in multiple different types of body fluids. Exosomes contain diverse types of active substances, including RNAs, proteins and lipids, and play important roles in tumor cell communication, metastasis and neovascularization, as well as tumor growth. Non‑coding RNAs (ncRNAs) do not code proteins, and instead have roles in a variety of genetic mechanisms, such as regulating the structure, expression and stability of RNAs, and modulating the translation and function of proteins. In recent years, exosomal ncRNAs have become a novel focus in research. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that exosomal ncRNAs can be used in the prediction and treatment of GC. The present review briefly discusses the role of exosomal ncRNAs as a potential biomarker, and summarizes important regulatory genes involved in the development and progression of GC.
View Figures

Figure 1

View References

1 

Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA and Jemal A: Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 68:394–424. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Aichler M, Luber B, Lordick F and Walch A: Proteomic and metabolic prediction of response to therapy in gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol. 20:13648–13657. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Barreto SG and Windsor JA: Redefining early gastric cancer. Surg Endosc. 30:24–37. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Choi JH, Kim ES, Lee YJ, Cho KB, Park KS, Jang BK, Chung WJ, Hwang JS and Ryu SW: Comparison of quality of life and worry of cancer recurrence between endoscopic and surgical treatment for early gastric cancer. Gastrointest Endosc. 82:299–307. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, Murray T, Xu J and Thun MJ: Cancer statistics, 2007. CA Cancer J Clin. 57:43–66. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Bobrie A, Colombo M, Raposo G and Thery C: Exosome secretion: Molecular mechanisms and roles in immune responses. Traffic. 12:1659–1668. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Mathivanan S, Ji H and Simpson RJ: Exosomes: Extracellular organelles important in intercellular communication. J Proteomics. 73:1907–1920. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Guo W, Gao Y, Li N, Shao F, Wang C, Wang P, Yang Z, Li R and He J: Exosomes: New players in cancer (Review). Oncol Rep. 38:665–675. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Caruso S and Poon IKH: Apoptotic cell-derived extracellular vesicles: More Than just debris. Front Immunol. 9:14862018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Seo N, Akiyoshi K and Shiku H: Exosome-mediated regulation of tumor immunology. Cancer Sci. 109:2998–3004. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Simons M and Raposo G: Exosomes-vesicular carriers for intercellular communication. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 21:575–581. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Deng G and Sui G: Noncoding RNA in oncogenesis: A new era of identifying key players. Int J Mol Sci. 14:18319–18349. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Wang WT, Han C, Sun YM, Chen TQ and Chen YQ: Noncoding RNAs in cancer therapy resistance and targeted drug development. J Hematol Oncol. 12:552019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Iqbal MA, Arora S, Prakasam G, Calin GA and Syed MA: MicroRNA in lung cancer: Role, mechanisms, pathways and therapeutic relevance. Mol Aspects Med. 70:3–20. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Michlewski G and Caceres JF: Post-transcriptional control of miRNA biogenesis. RNA. 25:1–16. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Zhang XZ, Liu H and Chen SR: Mechanisms of long non-coding rnas in cancers and their dynamic regulations. Cancers (Basel). 12:12452020. View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Memczak S, Jens M, Elefsinioti A, Torti F, Krueger J, Rybak A, Maier L, Mackowiak SD, Gregersen LH, Munschauer M, et al: Circular RNAs are a large class of animal RNAs with regulatory potency. Nature. 495:333–338. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Ma Y, Liu Y and Jiang Z: CircRNAs: A new perspective of biomarkers in the nervous system. Biomed Pharmacother. 128:1102512020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Qiu M, Xia W, Chen R, Wang S, Xu Y, Ma Z, Xu W, Zhang E, Wang J, Fang T, et al: The Circular RNA circPRKCI promotes tumor growth in lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res. 78:2839–2851. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Calatayud D, Dehlendorff C, Boisen MK, Hasselby JP, Schultz NA, Werner J, Immervoll H, Molven A, Hansen CP and Johansen JS: Tissue MicroRNA profiles as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in patients with resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and periampullary cancers. Biomarker Res. 5:82017. View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Ho YJ and Yeh CK: Concurrent anti-vascular therapy and chemotherapy in solid tumors using drug-loaded acoustic nanodroplet vaporization. Acta Biomater. 49:472–485. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Kesharwani P, Gajbhiye V and Jain NK: A review of nanocarriers for the delivery of small interfering RNA. Biomaterials. 33:7138–7150. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Lin CH, Tsai ZT and Wang D: Role of antisense RNAs in evolution of yeast regulatory complexity. Genomics. 102:484–490. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Wong CM, Tsang FH and Ng IO: Non-coding RNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma: Molecular functions and pathological implications. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 15:137–151. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Peng JF, Zhuang YY, Huang FT and Zhang SN: Noncoding RNAs and pancreatic cancer. World J Gastroenterol. 22:801–814. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Valadi H, Ekstrom K, Bossios A, Sjostrand M, Lee JJ and Lotvall JO: Exosome-mediated transfer of mRNAs and microRNAs is a novel mechanism of genetic exchange between cells. Nat Cell Biol. 9:654–659. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Taylor DD and Gercel-Taylor C: MicroRNA signatures of tumor-derived exosomes as diagnostic biomarkers of ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 110:13–21. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Xie Y, Dang W, Zhang S, Yue W, Yang L, Zhai X, Yan Q and Lu J: The role of exosomal noncoding RNAs in cancer. Mol Cancer. 18:372019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Skotland T, Sandvig K and Llorente A: Lipids in exosomes: Current knowledge and the way forward. Prog Lipid Res. 66:30–41. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Lin LY, Yang L, Zeng Q, Wang L, Chen ML, Zhao ZH, Ye GD, Luo QC, Lv PY, Guo QW, et al: Tumor-originated exosomal lncUEGC1 as a circulating biomarker for early-stage gastric cancer. Mol Cancer. 17:842018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Zhang X, Wang S, Wang H, Cao J, Huang X, Chen Z, Xu P, Sun G, Xu J, Lv J and Xu Z: Circular RNA circNRIP1 acts as a microRNA-149-5p sponge to promote gastric cancer progression via the AKT1/mTOR pathway. Mol Cancer. 18:202019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Rajagopal C and Harikumar KB: The origin and functions of exosomes in cancer. Front Oncol. 8:662018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Pan BT and Johnstone RM: Fate of the transferrin receptor during maturation of sheep reticulocytes in vitro: Selective externalization of the receptor. Cell. 33:967–978. 1983. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Johnstone RM, Adam M, Hammond JR, Orr L and Turbide C: Vesicle formation during reticulocyte maturation. Association of plasma membrane activities with released vesicles (exosomes). J Biol Chem. 262:9412–9420. 1987.PubMed/NCBI

35 

Milman N, Ginini L and Gil Z: Exosomes and their role in tumorigenesis and anticancer drug resistance. Drug Resist Updat. 45:1–12. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Harding C, Heuser J and Stahl P: Receptor-mediated endocytosis of transferrin and recycling of the transferrin receptor in rat reticulocytes. J Cell Biol. 97:329–339. 1983. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Pan BT, Teng K, Wu C, Adam M and Johnstone RM: Electron microscopic evidence for externalization of the transferrin receptor in vesicular form in sheep reticulocytes. J Cell Biol. 101:942–948. 1985. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Jan AT, Rahman S, Khan S, Tasduq SA and Choi I: Biology, pathophysiological role, and clinical implications of exosomes: A Critical Appraisal. Cells. 8:992019. View Article : Google Scholar

39 

Ferguson SW and Nguyen J: Exosomes as therapeutics: The implications of molecular composition and exosomal heterogeneity. J Control Release. 228:179–190. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Hannafon BN, Carpenter KJ, Berry WL, Janknecht R, Dooley WC and Ding WQ: Exosome-mediated microRNA signaling from breast cancer cells is altered by the anti-angiogenesis agent docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Mol Cancer. 14:1332015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Wu Z, Yang Z, Dai Y, Zhu Q and Chen LA: Update on liquid biopsy in clinical management of non-small cell lung cancer. Onco Targets Ther. 12:5097–5109. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Sancho-Albero M, Navascues N, Mendoza G, Sebastián V, Arruebo M, Martín-Duque P and Santamaría J: Exosome origin determines cell targeting and the transfer of therapeutic nanoparticles towards target cells. J Nanobiotechnology. 17:162019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Bai J, Xie X, Lei Y, An G, He L and Chen R: Consideration of dual characters of exosomes in the tumour immune response. Cell Biol Int. 38:538–545. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Arima Y, Liu W, Takahashi Y, Nishikawa M and Takakura Y: Effects of localization of antigen proteins in antigen-loaded exosomes on efficiency of antigen presentation. Mol Pharm. 16:2309–2314. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Zhang X, Shi H, Yuan X, Jiang P, Qian H and Xu W: Tumor-derived exosomes induce N2 polarization of neutrophils to promote gastric cancer cell migration. Mol Cancer. 17:1462018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Lloret-Llinares M, Karadoulama E, Chen Y, Wojenski LA, Villafano GJ, Bornholdt J, Andersson R, Core L, Sandelin A and Jensen TH: The RNA exosome contributes to gene expression regulation during stem cell differentiation. Nucleic Acids Res. 46:11502–11513. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Singh R, Pochampally R, Watabe K, Lu Z and Mo YY: Exosome-mediated transfer of miR-10b promotes cell invasion in breast cancer. Mol Cancer. 13:2562014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

48 

Di C, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Wang F, Chen Y, Gan L, Zhou R, Sun C, Li H, Zhang X, et al: Exosomes as drug carriers for clinical application. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 46 (sup3):S564–S570. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

49 

Izadpanah M, Seddigh A, Ebrahimi Barough S, Fazeli SAS and Ai J: Potential of extracellular vesicles in neurodegenerative diseases: Diagnostic and therapeutic indications. J Mol Neurosci. 66:172–179. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

50 

Dhondt B, Van Deun J, Vermaerke S, de Marco A, Lumen N, De Wever O and Hendrix A: Urinary extracellular vesicle biomarkers in urological cancers: From discovery towards clinical implementation. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 99:236–256. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

51 

Roy S, Hochberg FH and Jones PS: Extracellular vesicles: The growth as diagnostics and therapeutics; a survey. J Extracell Vesicles. 7:14387202018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

52 

Akers JC, Gonda D, Kim R, Carter BS and Chen CC: Biogenesis of extracellular vesicles (EV): Exosomes, microvesicles, retrovirus-like vesicles, and apoptotic bodies. J Neurooncol. 113:1–11. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

53 

Wang X, Yao X, Xie T, Chang Z, Guo Y and Ni H: Exosome-derived uterine miR-218 isolated from cows with endometritis regulates the release of cytokines and chemokines. Microb Biotechnol. 13:1103–1117. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

54 

Mathieu M, Martin-Jaular L, Lavieu G and Thery C: Specificities of secretion and uptake of exosomes and other extracellular vesicles for cell-to-cell communication. Cell Biol. 21:9–17. 2019.

55 

Klingeborn M, Dismuke WM, Bowes Rickman C and Stamer WD: Roles of exosomes in the normal and diseased eye. Prog Retin Eye Res. 59:158–177. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

56 

Xitong D and Xiaorong Z: Targeted therapeutic delivery using engineered exosomes and its applications in cardiovascular diseases. Gene. 575:377–384. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

57 

Yang XX, Sun C, Wang L and Guo XL: New insight into isolation, identification techniques and medical applications of exosomes. J Control Release. 308:119–129. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

58 

Lopez-Beltran A, Cheng L, Gevaert T, Blanca A, Cimadamore A, Santoni M, Massari F, Scarpelli M, Raspollini MR and Montironi R: Current and emerging bladder cancer biomarkers with an emphasis on urine biomarkers. Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 20:231–243. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

59 

Normanno N, Cervantes A, Ciardiello F, De Luca A and Pinto C: The liquid biopsy in the management of colorectal cancer patients: Current applications and future scenarios. Cancer Treat Rev. 70:1–8. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

60 

Buscail E, Maulat C, Muscari F, Chiche L, Cordelier P, Dabernat S, Alix-Panabières C and Buscail L: Liquid biopsy approach for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancers. 11:8522019. View Article : Google Scholar

61 

Boussios S, Ozturk MA, Moschetta M, Karathanasi A, Zakynthinakis-Kyriakou N, Katsanos KH, Christodoulou DK and Pavlidis N: The developing story of predictive biomarkers in colorectal cancer. J Pers Med. 9:122019. View Article : Google Scholar

62 

Li W and Gao YQ: MiR-217 is involved in the carcinogenesis of gastric cancer by down-regulating CDH1 expression. Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 34:377–384. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

63 

Zhao R and Zhang Y, Zhang X, Yang Y, Zheng X, Li X, Liu Y and Zhang Y: Exosomal long noncoding RNA HOTTIP as potential novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker test for gastric cancer. Mol Cancer. 17:682018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

64 

Wang G, Liu W, Zou Y, Wang G, Deng Y, Luo J, Zhang Y, Li H, Zhang Q, Yang Y and Chen G: Three isoforms of exosomal circPTGR1 promote hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis via the miR449a-MET pathway. EBioMedicine. 40:432–445. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

65 

Li J, Li Z, Jiang P, Peng M, Zhang X, Chen K, Liu H, Bi H, Liu X and Li X: Circular RNA IARS (circ-IARS) secreted by pancreatic cancer cells and located within exosomes regulates endothelial monolayer permeability to promote tumor metastasis. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 37:1772018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

66 

Li Y, Zheng Q, Bao C, Li S, Guo W, Zhao J, Chen D, Gu J, He X and Huang S: Circular RNA is enriched and stable in exosomes: A promising biomarker for cancer diagnosis. Cell Res. 25:981–984. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

67 

Tang W, Fu K, Sun H, Rong D, Wang H and Cao H: CircRNA microarray profiling identifies a novel circulating biomarker for detection of gastric cancer. Mol Cancer. 17:1372018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

68 

Zarkavelis G, Boussios S, Papadaki A, Katsanos KH, Christodoulou DK and Pentheroudakis G: Current and future biomarkers in colorectal cancer. Ann Gastroenterol. 30:613–621. 2017.PubMed/NCBI

69 

Vedeld HM, Goel A and Lind GE: Epigenetic biomarkers in gastrointestinal cancers: The current state and clinical perspectives. Semin Cancer Biol. 51:36–49. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

70 

Shah M, Prasad A, Rajan D, Tan CB, Shah M, Raghavan P and Mustacchia P: Direct liver invasion from a gastric adenocarcinoma as an initial presentation of extranodal tumor spread. Case Rep Med. 2012:6512322012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

71 

Ruggieri V, Russi S, Zoppoli P, La Rocca F, Angrisano T, Falco G, Calice G and Laurino S: The Role of MicroRNAs in the regulation of gastric cancer stem cells: A meta-analysis of the current status. J Clin Med. 8:6392019. View Article : Google Scholar

72 

Wang J, Guan X, Zhang Y, Ge S, Zhang L, Li H, Wang X, Liu R, Ning T, Deng T, et al: Exosomal miR-27a derived from gastric cancer cells regulates the transformation of fibroblasts into cancer-associated fibroblasts. Cell Physiol Biochem. 49:869–883. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

73 

Tokuhisa M, Ichikawa Y, Kosaka N, Ochiya T, Yashiro M, Hirakawa K, Kosaka T, Makino H, Akiyama H, Kunisaki C and Endo I: Exosomal miRNAs from peritoneum lavage fluid as potential prognostic biomarkers of peritoneal metastasis in gastric cancer. PLoS One. 10:e01304722015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

74 

Hu Y, Qi C, Liu X, Zhang C, Gao J, Wu Y, Yang J, Zhao Q, Li J, Wang X and Shen L: Malignant ascites-derived exosomes promote peritoneal tumor cell dissemination and reveal a distinct miRNA signature in advanced gastric cancer. Cancer Lett. 457:142–150. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

75 

Wang ZK, Lin JX, Li P, Xie JW, Wang JB, Lu J, Chen QY, Cao LL, Lin M, Tu RH, et al: Higher risk of lymph node metastasis in young patients with early gastric cancer. J Cancer. 10:4389–4396. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

76 

Pan L, Liang W, Fu M, Huang ZH, Li X, Zhang W, Zhang P, Qian H, Jiang PC, Xu WR and Zhang X: Exosomes-mediated transfer of long noncoding RNA ZFAS1 promotes gastric cancer progression. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 143:991–1004. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

77 

Bagger SO, Hopkinson BM, Pandey DP, Bak M, Brydholm AV, Villadsen R, Helin K, Rønnov-Jessen L, Petersen OW and Kim J: Aggressiveness of non-EMT breast cancer cells relies on FBXO11 activity. Mol Cancer. 17:1712018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

78 

Colella B, Faienza F and Di Bartolomeo S: EMT regulation by autophagy: A new perspective in glioblastoma biology. Cancers. 11:3122019. View Article : Google Scholar

79 

Aiello NM, Maddipati R, Norgard RJ, Balli D, Li J, Yuan S, Yamazoe T, Black T, Sahmoud A, Furth EE, et al: EMT subtype influences epithelial plasticity and mode of cell migration. Dev Cell. 45:681–695.e684. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

80 

Pastushenko I and Blanpain C: EMT Transition States during Tumor Progression and Metastasis. Trends Cell Biol. 29:212–226. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

81 

Yang H, Fu H, Wang B, Zhang X, Mao J, Li X, Wang M, Sun Z, Qian H and Xu W: Exosomal miR-423-5p targets SUFU to promote cancer growth and metastasis and serves as a novel marker for gastric cancer. Mol Carcinog. 57:1223–1236. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

82 

Tian W, Liu S and Li B: Potential role of exosomes in cancer metastasis. Biomed Res Int. 2019:46497052019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

83 

Rodriguez-Aznar E, Wiesmuller L, Sainz B Jr and Hermann PC: EMT and stemness-key players in pancreatic cancer stem cells. Cancers. 11:11362019. View Article : Google Scholar

84 

Lee IC, Fadera S and Liu HL: Strategy of differentiation therapy: effect of dual-frequency ultrasound on the induction of liver cancer stem-like cells on a HA-based multilayer film system. J Mater Chem B. 7:5401–5411. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

85 

Park SY, Choi JH and Nam JS: Targeting cancer stem cells in triple-negative breast cancer. Cancers (Basel). 11:9652019. View Article : Google Scholar

86 

Peitzsch C, Tyutyunnykova A, Pantel K and Dubrovska A: Cancer stem cells: The root of tumor recurrence and metastases. Semin Cancer Biol. 44:10–24. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

87 

Sun ZP, Li AQ, Jia WH, Ye S, Van Eps G, Yu JM and Yang WJ: MicroRNA expression profiling in exosomes derived from gastric cancer stem-like cells. Oncotarget. 8:93839–93855. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

88 

Viallard C and Larrivee B: Tumor angiogenesis and vascular normalization: alternative therapeutic targets. Angiogenesis. 20:409–426. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

89 

Mao G, Liu Y, Fang X, Liu Y, Fang L, Lin L, Liu X and Wang N: Tumor-derived microRNA-494 promotes angiogenesis in non-small cell lung cancer. Angiogenesis. 18:373–382. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

90 

Dong H, Weng C, Bai R, Sheng J, Gao X, Li L and Xu Z: The regulatory network of miR-141 in the inhibition of angiogenesis. Angiogenesis. 22:251–262. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

91 

Bikfalvi A: History and conceptual developments in vascular biology and angiogenesis research: A personal view. Angiogenesis. 20:463–478. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

92 

Zhao S, Li J, Zhang G, Wang Q, Wu C, Zhang Q, Wang H, Sun P, Xiang R and Yang S: Exosomal miR-451a functions as a tumor suppressor in hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting LPIN1. Cell Physiol Biochem. 53:19–35. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

93 

Wang ZF, Liao F, Wu H and Dai J: Glioma stem cells-derived exosomal miR-26a promotes angiogenesis of microvessel endothelial cells in glioma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 38:2012019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

94 

Wu XG, Zhou CF, Zhang YM, Yan RM, Wei WF, Chen XJ, Yi HY, Liang LJ, Fan LS, Liang L, et al: Cancer-derived exosomal miR-221-3p promotes angiogenesis by targeting THBS2 in cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Angiogenesis. 22:397–410. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

95 

Hu HY, Yu CH, Zhang HH, Zhang SZ, Yu WY, Yang Y and Chen Q: Exosomal miR-1229 derived from colorectal cancer cells promotes angiogenesis by targeting HIPK2. Int J Biol Macromol. 132:470–477. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

96 

Matsuura Y, Wada H, Eguchi H, Gotoh K, Kobayashi S, Kinoshita M, Kubo M, Hayashi K, Iwagami Y, Yamada D, et al: Exosomal miR-155 derived from hepatocellular carcinoma cells under hypoxia promotes angiogenesis in endothelial cells. Dig Dis Sci. 64:792–802. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

97 

Yang H, Zhang H, Ge S, Ning T, Bai M, Li J, Li S, Sun W, Deng T, Zhang L, et al: Exosome-Derived miR-130a activates angiogenesis in gastric cancer by targeting C-MYB in vascular endothelial cells. Mol Ther. 26:2466–2475. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

98 

Hida K, Kikuchi H, Maishi N and Hida Y: ATP-binding cassette transporters in tumor endothelial cells and resistance to metronomic chemotherapy. Cancer Lett. 400:305–310. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

99 

Zhang HD, Jiang LH, Hou JC, Zhong SL, Zhu LP, Wang DD, Zhou SY, Yang SJ, Wang JY, Zhang Q, et al: Exosome: A novel mediator in drug resistance of cancer cells. Epigenomics. 10:1499–1509. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

100 

Qu Z, Wu J, Wu J, Luo D, Jiang C and Ding Y: Exosomes derived from HCC cells induce sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma both in vivo and in vitro. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 35:1592016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

101 

Zhang W, Cai X, Yu J, Lu X, Qian Q and Qian W: Exosome-mediated transfer of lncRNA RP11838N2.4 promotes erlotinib resistance in non-small cell lung cancer. Int J Oncol. 53:527–538. 2018.PubMed/NCBI

102 

Wei F, Ma C, Zhou T, Dong X, Luo Q, Geng L, Ding L, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Li N, et al: Exosomes derived from gemcitabine-resistant cells transfer malignant phenotypic traits via delivery of miRNA-222-3p. Mol Cancer. 16:1322017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

103 

Qin X, Yu S, Zhou L, Shi M, Hu Y, Xu X, Shen B, Liu S, Yan D and Feng J: Cisplatin-resistant lung cancer cell-derived exosomes increase cisplatin resistance of recipient cells in exosomal miR-100-5p-dependent manner. Int J Nanomedicine. 12:3721–3733. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

104 

Xie F, Chen R, Zhang L, Yin Z, Zhu Q, You S, Jiang C, Li Y, Li S, Zha X and Wang J: Efficacy of two-weekly nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel as neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. Nanomedicine (Lond). 14:1595–1603. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

105 

Vergote I, Scambia G, O'Malley DM, Van Calster B, Park SY, Del Campo JM, Meier W, Bamias A, Colombo N, Wenham RM, et al: Trebananib or placebo plus carboplatin and paclitaxel as first-line treatment for advanced ovarian cancer (TRINOVA-3/ENGOT-ov2/GOG-3001): A randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 20:862–876. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

106 

Colevas AD: Systemic therapy for metastatic or recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 13:e37–e48. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

107 

Socinski MA, Okamoto I, Hon JK, Hirsh V, Dakhil SR, Page RD, Orsini J, Yamamoto N, Zhang H and Renschler MF: Safety and efficacy analysis by histology of weekly nab-paclitaxel in combination with carboplatin as first-line therapy in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol. 24:2390–2396. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

108 

Guo Z, Wang X, Lin R, Chen L, Fan N, Chen Y, Lin J and Yu J: Paclitaxel-based regimens as first-line treatment in advanced gastric cancer. J Chemother. 27:94–98. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

109 

Zhang D and Fan D: Multidrug resistance in gastric cancer: Recent research advances and ongoing therapeutic challenges. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 7:1369–1378. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

110 

Wang M, Qiu R, Yu S, Xu X, Li G, Gu R, Tan C, Zhu W and Shen B: Paclitaxelresistant gastric cancer MGC803 cells promote epithelialtomesenchymal transition and chemoresistance in paclitaxelsensitive cells via exosomal delivery of miR1555p. Int J Oncol. 54:326–338. 2019.PubMed/NCBI

111 

Hultman B, Mahteme H, Sundbom M, Ljungman M, Larsson R and Nygren P: Benchmarking of gastric cancer sensitivity to anti-cancer drugs ex vivo as a basis for drug selection in systemic and intraperitoneal therapy. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 33:1102014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

112 

Liu X, Lu Y, Xu Y, Hou S, Huang J, Wang B, Zhao J, Xia S, Fan S, Yu X, et al: Exosomal transfer of miR-501 confers doxorubicin resistance and tumorigenesis via targeting of BLID in gastric cancer. Cancer Lett. 459:122–134. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

113 

Ji R, Zhang B, Zhang X, Xue J, Yuan X, Yan Y, Wang M, Zhu W, Qian H and Xu W: Exosomes derived from human mesenchymal stem cells confer drug resistance in gastric cancer. Cell Cycle. 14:2473–2483. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

114 

Panfoli I, Ravera S, Podestà M, Cossu C, Santucci L, Bartolucci M, Bruschi M, Calzia D, Sabatini F, Bruschettini M, et al: Exosomes from human mesenchymal stem cells conduct aerobic metabolism in term and preterm newborn infants. FASEB J. 30:1416–1424. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

115 

Pakravan K, Babashah S, Sadeghizadeh M, Mowla SJ, Mossahebi-Mohammadi M, Ataei F, Dana N and Javan M: MicroRNA-100 shuttled by mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes suppresses in vitro angiogenesis through modulating the mTOR/HIF-1α/VEGF signaling axis in breast cancer cells. Cell Oncol (Dordr). 40:457–470. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

116 

Bliss SA, Sinha G, Sandiford OA, Williams LM, Engelberth DJ, Guiro K, Isenalumhe LL, Greco SJ, Ayer S, Bryan M, et al: Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes stimulate cycling quiescence and early breast cancer dormancy in bone marrow. Cancer Res. 76:5832–5844. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

117 

Zhang H, Wang Y, Yang G, Yu H, Zhou Z and Tang M: MicroRNA-30a regulates chondrogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells through targeting Sox9. Exp Ther Med. 18:4689–4697. 2019.PubMed/NCBI

118 

Xin H, Liu Z, Buller B, Li Y, Golembieski W, Gan X, Wang F, Lu M, Ali MM, Zhang ZG and Chopp M: MiR-17-92 enriched exosomes derived from multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells enhance axon-myelin remodeling and motor electrophysiological recovery after stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2020.(Ahead of print). View Article : Google Scholar

119 

Cheng Q, Li X and Liu J, Ye Q, Chen Y, Tan S and Liu J: Multiple myeloma-derived exosomes regulate the functions of mesenchymal stem cells partially via modulating miR-21 and miR-146a. Stem Cells Int. 2017:90121522017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

120 

Ho GY, Woodward N and Coward JI: Cisplatin versus carboplatin: comparative review of therapeutic management in solid malignancies. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 102:37–46. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

121 

Wang X, Zhang H, Bai M, Ning T, Ge S, Deng T, Liu R, Zhang L, Ying G and Ba Y: Exosomes serve as nanoparticles to deliver anti-miR-214 to reverse chemoresistance to cisplatin in gastric cancer. Mol Ther. 26:774–783. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

122 

Zhang Q, Zhang H, Ning T, Liu D, Deng T, Liu R, Bai M, Zhu K, Li J, Fan Q, et al: Exosome-delivered c-met sirna could reverse chemoresistance to cisplatin in gastric cancer. Int J Nanomedicine. 15:2323–2335. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

123 

Zheng P, Chen L, Yuan X, Luo Q, Liu Y, Xie G, Ma Y and Shen L: Exosomal transfer of tumor-associated macrophage-derived miR-21 confers cisplatin resistance in gastric cancer cells. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 36:532017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

124 

van der Pol E, Boing AN, Harrison P, Sturk A and Nieuwland R: Classification, functions, and clinical relevance of extracellular vesicles. Pharmacol Rev. 64:676–705. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

125 

Palmirotta R, Lovero D, Cafforio P, Felici C, Mannavola F, Pellè E, Quaresmini D, Tucci M and Silvestris F: Liquid biopsy of cancer: A multimodal diagnostic tool in clinical oncology. Ther Adv Med Oncol. 10:17588359187946302018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

126 

Ren W, Zhang X, Li W, Feng Q, Feng H, Tong Y, Rong H, Wang W, Zhang D, Zhang Z, et al: Exosomal miRNA-107 induces myeloid-derived suppressor cell expansion in gastric cancer. Cancer Manag Res. 11:4023–4040. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

127 

Wang N, Wang L, Yang Y, Gong L, Xiao B and Liu X: A serum exosomal microRNA panel as a potential biomarker test for gastric cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 493:1322–1328. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

128 

Ohshima K, Inoue K, Fujiwara A, Hatakeyama K, Kanto K, Watanabe Y, Muramatsu K, Fukuda Y, Ogura S, Yamaguchi K and Mochizuki T: Let-7 microRNA family is selectively secreted into the extracellular environment via exosomes in a metastatic gastric cancer cell line. PLoS One. 5:e132472010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

129 

Cai C, Zhang H, Zhu Y, Zheng P, Xu Y, Sun J, Zhang M, Lan T, Gu B, Li S and Ma P: Serum exosomal long noncoding RNA pcsk2-2:1 as a potential novel diagnostic biomarker for gastric cancer. Onco Targets Ther. 12:10035–10041. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Lu X, Zhang Y, Xie G, Ding Y, Cong H and Xuan S: Exosomal non‑coding RNAs: Novel biomarkers with emerging clinical applications in gastric cancer (Review). Mol Med Rep 22: 4091-4100, 2020.
APA
Lu, X., Zhang, Y., Xie, G., Ding, Y., Cong, H., & Xuan, S. (2020). Exosomal non‑coding RNAs: Novel biomarkers with emerging clinical applications in gastric cancer (Review). Molecular Medicine Reports, 22, 4091-4100. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2020.11519
MLA
Lu, X., Zhang, Y., Xie, G., Ding, Y., Cong, H., Xuan, S."Exosomal non‑coding RNAs: Novel biomarkers with emerging clinical applications in gastric cancer (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 22.5 (2020): 4091-4100.
Chicago
Lu, X., Zhang, Y., Xie, G., Ding, Y., Cong, H., Xuan, S."Exosomal non‑coding RNAs: Novel biomarkers with emerging clinical applications in gastric cancer (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 22, no. 5 (2020): 4091-4100. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2020.11519
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Lu X, Zhang Y, Xie G, Ding Y, Cong H and Xuan S: Exosomal non‑coding RNAs: Novel biomarkers with emerging clinical applications in gastric cancer (Review). Mol Med Rep 22: 4091-4100, 2020.
APA
Lu, X., Zhang, Y., Xie, G., Ding, Y., Cong, H., & Xuan, S. (2020). Exosomal non‑coding RNAs: Novel biomarkers with emerging clinical applications in gastric cancer (Review). Molecular Medicine Reports, 22, 4091-4100. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2020.11519
MLA
Lu, X., Zhang, Y., Xie, G., Ding, Y., Cong, H., Xuan, S."Exosomal non‑coding RNAs: Novel biomarkers with emerging clinical applications in gastric cancer (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 22.5 (2020): 4091-4100.
Chicago
Lu, X., Zhang, Y., Xie, G., Ding, Y., Cong, H., Xuan, S."Exosomal non‑coding RNAs: Novel biomarkers with emerging clinical applications in gastric cancer (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 22, no. 5 (2020): 4091-4100. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2020.11519
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team