Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Molecular Medicine Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1791-2997 Online ISSN: 1791-3004
Journal Cover
January-2021 Volume 23 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
January-2021 Volume 23 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Construction of tissue engineering bone with the co‑culture system of ADSCs and VECs on partially deproteinized biologic bone in vitro: A preliminary study

  • Authors:
    • Guiran Yang
    • Fuke Wang
    • Yanlin Li
    • Jianfei Hou
    • Dejian Liu
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Yang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 58
    |
    Published online on: November 18, 2020
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2020.11696
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Scaffold‑based bone tissue engineering has therapeutic potential in the regeneration of osseous defects. The present study aimed to explore the adhesion and cell viability of a co‑culture system composed of vascular endothelial cells PI‑/Annexin V+ represents early apoptotic cells, and PI+/Annexin V+ represents late apoptotic cells (VECs) and adipose‑derived stem cells (ADSCs) on partially deproteinized biologic bone (PDPBB) in vitro, and determine the optimum time period for maximum cell viability that could possibly be used for standardizing the scaffold transplant into the in vivo system. VECs and ADSCs were isolated from pregnant Sprague‑Dawley rats and confirmed by immunostaining with von Willebrand factor and CD90, respectively. PDPBB was prepared using standardized protocols involving coating partially deproteinized bone with fibronectin. PDPBB was incubated in a mono‑culture with VECs or ADSCs, or in a co‑culture with both of these cells at a ratio of 1:1. An MTT assay was used to assess the adhesion and cell viability of VECs and ADSCs on PDPBB in the three different cultures. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the adhesion, cell viability and morphology of the different types of cells on PDPBB. It was observed that the absorbance of each group increased gradually and peaked on the 10th day; the highest absorbance was found for the co‑cultured cells group. The difference of cell viability between each cell group was statistically significant. On the 10th day, in the co‑cultured cells group, several cells adhered on the PDPBB material and a nest‑like distribution morphology was observed. Therefore, the adhesion and cell viability of the co‑cultured cells was higher compared with the mono‑cultures of VECs or ADSCs. As cell viability was highest on the 10th day, this could be the optimal length of time for incubation and therefore could be used for in vivo experiments.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

Figure 9

Figure 10

Figure 11

Figure 12

Figure 13

Figure 14

View References

1 

Gurel PG, Torun KG and Hasirci V: Influence of co-culture on osteogenesis and angiogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and aortic endothelial cells. Microvasc Res. 108:1–9. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Weyand B and Von SHP: Altered VEGF-A and receptor mRNA expression profiles, and identification of VEGF144 in foetal rat calvaria cells, in coculture with microvascular endothelial cells. Cell Biol Int. 37:713–724. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Hu X, Neoh KG, Zhang J, Kang ET and Wang W: Immobilization strategy for optimizing VEGF's concurrent bioactivity towards endothelial cells and osteoblasts on implant surfaces. Biomaterials. 33:8082–8093. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Geuze RE, Theyse LF, Kempen DH, Hazewinkel HA, Kraak HY, Oner FC, Dhert WJ and Alblas J: A differential effect of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor release timing on osteogenesis at ectopic and orthotopic sites in a large-animal model. Tissue Eng Part A. 18:2052–2062. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Xiao C, Zhou H, Liu G, Zhang P, Fu Y, Gu P, Hou H, Tang T and Fan X: Bone marrow stromal cells with a combined expression of BMP-2 and VEGF-165 enhanced bone regeneration. Biomed Mater. 6:0150132011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Choong CS, Hutmacher DW and Triffitt JT: Co-culture of bone marrow fibroblasts and endothelial cells on modified polycaprolactone substrates for enhanced potentials in bone tissue engineering. Tissue Eng. 12:2521–2531. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Zhao X, Liu L, Wang FK, Zhao DP, Dai XM and Han XS: Coculture of vascular endothelial cells and adipose-derived stem cells as a source for bone engineering. Ann Plast Surg. 69:91–98. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Kim JY, Park CD, Lee JH, Lee CH, Do BR and Lee AY: Co-culture of melanocytes with adipose-derived stem cells as a potential substitute for co-culture with keratinocytes. Acta Derm Venereol. 92:16–23. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Eltom A, Zhong G and Ameen M: Scaffold techniques and designs in tissue engineering functions and purposes: A review. Adv Mater Sci Eng. 2019:1–13. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Wang F, Zhang H, Li Y, Liu L, He C, Cai G and Song E: Heterotopic osteogenesis study of tissue engineered bone by co-culture of vascular endothelial cells and adipose-derived stem cells. Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi. 33:1310–1319. 2019.(In Chinese). PubMed/NCBI

11 

Liu J, Zhou P, Long Y, Huang C and Chen D: Repair of bone defects in rat radii with a composite of allogeneic adipose-derived stem cells and heterogeneous deproteinized bone. Stem Cell Res Ther. 9:792018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Huang Y, Wu C, Zhang X, Chang J and Dai K: Regulation of immune response by bioactive ions released from silicate bioceramics for bone regeneration. Acta Biomater. 66:81–92. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Peng J, Chen L, Peng K, Chen X, Wu J, He Z and Xiang Z: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells co-culture enhances large segment bone defect repair. J Biomed Nanotechnol. 15:742–755. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Han X, Liu L, Wang F, Zhao X, Zhao D, Dai X and Li Y: Reconstruction of tissue-engineered bone with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and partially deproteinized bone in vitro. Cell Biol Int. 36:1049–1053. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Wang FK, Yang G, Liu L, Li YL, Han R, Zhao X and He C: Fibronectin improved the cytocompatibility of partially deproteinized bone. J Biomater Tissue Eng. 9:534–536. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Wu L, Zhao X, He B, Jiang J, Xie XJ and Liu L: The possible roles of biological bone constructed with peripheral blood derived EPCs and BMSCs in osteogenesis and angiogenesis. Biomed Res Int. 2016:81689432016.PubMed/NCBI

17 

National Research Council: Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. 8th edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2011, simplehttps://doi.org/10.17226/12910

18 

Thrivikraman G, Athirasala A, Twohig C, Boda SK and Bertassoni LE: Biomaterials for craniofacial bone regeneration. Dent Clin North Am. 61:835–856. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Wang C, Li Y, Yang M, Zou Y, Liu H, Liang Z, Yin Y, Niu G, Yan Z and Zhang B: Efficient differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into endothelial cells in vitro. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 55:257–265. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Ai WJ, Li J, Lin SM, Li W, Liu CZ and Lv WM: R-Smad signaling-mediated VEGF expression coordinately regulates endothelial cell differentiation of rat mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cells Dev. 24:1320–1331. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Berendsen AD and Olsen BR: How vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF) regulates differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. J Histochem Cytochem. 62:103–108. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Priya N, Sarcar S, Majumdar AS and SundarRaj S: Explant culture: A simple, reproducible, efficient and economic technique for isolation of mesenchymal stromal cells from human adipose tissue and lipoaspirate. J Tissue Eng Regen Med. 8:706–716. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Raposio E and Bertozzi N: Isolation of ready-to-use adipose-derived stem Cell (ASC) pellet for clinical applications and a comparative overview of alternate methods for ASC isolation. Curr Protoc Stem Cell Biol. 41:1F.17.1–1F.17.12. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Bajek A, Gurtowska N, Olkowska J, Kazmierski L, Maj M and Drewa T: Adipose-derived stem cells as a tool in cell-based therapies. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 64:443–454. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Wang F, Liu L, Li Y, Dai X, Li Y and Li Z: Optimal condition of in vitro constructing tissue-engineered bone with bone marrow stromal cells and partially deproteinised bone. Zhongguo Zu Zhi Gong Cheng Yan Jiu. 33:6401–6405. 2008.(In Chinese).

26 

Randi AM, Smith KE and Castaman G: von Willebrand factor regulation of blood vessel formation. Blood. 132:132–140. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Kawamoto K, Konno M, Nagano H, Nishikawa S, Tomimaru Y, Akita H, Hama N, Wada H, Kobayashi S, Eguchi H, et al: CD90-(Thy-1-) high selection enhances reprogramming capacity of murine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Dis Marker. 35:573–579. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Wang F, Liu L, Zhao D, He X, Dai X and Li Y and Li Y: Influence of co-culturing vascular endothelial cells and adipose-derived stromal cells on osteogenic differentiation in vitro. Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi. 24:399–405. 2010.(In Chinese). PubMed/NCBI

29 

Aksel H and Huang GT: Combined effects of vascular endothelial growth factor and bone morphogenetic protein 2 on odonto/osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells in vitro. J Endod. 43:930–935. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Ma XW, Cui DP and Zhao DW: Vascular endothelial growth factor/bone morphogenetic protein-2 bone marrow combined modification of the mesenchymal stem cells to repair the avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Int J Clin Exp Med. 8:15528–15534. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

31 

Akiyama I, Yoshino O, Osuga Y, Shi J, Harada M, Koga K, Hirota Y, Hirata T, Fujii T, Saito S and Kozuma S: Bone morphogenetic protein 7 increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-a expression in human granulosa cells and VEGF receptor expression in endothelial cells. Reprod Sci. 21:477–482. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Wu PH, Chung HY, Wang JH, Shih JC, Kuo MY, Chang PC, Huang YD, Wang PC and Chang CC: Amniotic membrane and adipose-derived stem cell co-culture system enhances bone regeneration in a rat periodontal defect model. J Formos Med Assoc. 115:186–194. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Gálisová A, Fábryová E, Sticová E, Kosinová L, Jirátová M, Herynek V, Berková Z, Kříž J, Hájek M and Jirák D: The optimal timing for pancreatic islet transplantation into subcutaneous scaffolds assessed by multimodal imaging. Contrast Media Mol Imaging. 2017:54184952017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Lavender MD, Pang Z, Wallace CS, Niklason LE and Truskey GA: A system for the direct co-culture of endothelium on smooth muscle cells. Biomaterials. 26:4642–4653. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Pankov R and Yamada KM: Fibronectin at a glance. J Cell Sci. 115:3861–3863. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Globus RK, Doty SB, Lull JC, Holmuhamedov E, Humphries MJ and Damsky CH: Fibronectin is a survival factor for differentiated osteoblasts. J Cell Sci. 111:1385–1393. 1998.PubMed/NCBI

37 

Kawashita M, Hasegawa M, Kudo TA, Kanetaka H, Miyazaki T and Hashimoto M: Effect of fibronectin adsorption on osteoblastic cellular responses to hydroxyapatite and alumina. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 69:1268–1272. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Yang G, Wang F, Li Y, Hou J and Liu D: Construction of tissue engineering bone with the co‑culture system of ADSCs and VECs on partially deproteinized biologic bone <em>in&nbsp;vitro</em>: A preliminary study. Mol Med Rep 23: 58, 2021.
APA
Yang, G., Wang, F., Li, Y., Hou, J., & Liu, D. (2021). Construction of tissue engineering bone with the co‑culture system of ADSCs and VECs on partially deproteinized biologic bone <em>in&nbsp;vitro</em>: A preliminary study. Molecular Medicine Reports, 23, 58. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2020.11696
MLA
Yang, G., Wang, F., Li, Y., Hou, J., Liu, D."Construction of tissue engineering bone with the co‑culture system of ADSCs and VECs on partially deproteinized biologic bone <em>in&nbsp;vitro</em>: A preliminary study". Molecular Medicine Reports 23.1 (2021): 58.
Chicago
Yang, G., Wang, F., Li, Y., Hou, J., Liu, D."Construction of tissue engineering bone with the co‑culture system of ADSCs and VECs on partially deproteinized biologic bone <em>in&nbsp;vitro</em>: A preliminary study". Molecular Medicine Reports 23, no. 1 (2021): 58. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2020.11696
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Yang G, Wang F, Li Y, Hou J and Liu D: Construction of tissue engineering bone with the co‑culture system of ADSCs and VECs on partially deproteinized biologic bone <em>in&nbsp;vitro</em>: A preliminary study. Mol Med Rep 23: 58, 2021.
APA
Yang, G., Wang, F., Li, Y., Hou, J., & Liu, D. (2021). Construction of tissue engineering bone with the co‑culture system of ADSCs and VECs on partially deproteinized biologic bone <em>in&nbsp;vitro</em>: A preliminary study. Molecular Medicine Reports, 23, 58. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2020.11696
MLA
Yang, G., Wang, F., Li, Y., Hou, J., Liu, D."Construction of tissue engineering bone with the co‑culture system of ADSCs and VECs on partially deproteinized biologic bone <em>in&nbsp;vitro</em>: A preliminary study". Molecular Medicine Reports 23.1 (2021): 58.
Chicago
Yang, G., Wang, F., Li, Y., Hou, J., Liu, D."Construction of tissue engineering bone with the co‑culture system of ADSCs and VECs on partially deproteinized biologic bone <em>in&nbsp;vitro</em>: A preliminary study". Molecular Medicine Reports 23, no. 1 (2021): 58. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2020.11696
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team