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A combination of PD‑1/PD‑L1 inhibitors: The prospect of overcoming the weakness of tumor immunotherapy (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Xianbin Kong
    • Peng Lu
    • Chuanxin Liu
    • Yuzhu Guo
    • Yuying Yang
    • Yingying Peng
    • Fangyuan Wang
    • Zhichao Bo
    • Xiaoxin Dou
    • Haoyang Shi
    • Jingyan Meng
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Laboratory, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Chinese Materia Medical, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, P.R. China, Department of Radiotherapy, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Kong et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 362
    |
    Published online on: March 16, 2021
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2021.12001
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Abstract

Programmed cell death protein‑1 (PD‑1)/programmed death protein ligand‑1 (PD‑L1) inhibitors for treatment of a various types of cancers have revolutionized cancer immunotherapy. However, PD‑1/PD‑L1 inhibitors are associated with a low response rate and are only effective on a small number of patients with cancer. Development of an anti‑PD‑1/PD‑L1 sensitizer for improving response rate and effectiveness of immunotherapy is a challenge. The present study reviews the synergistic effects of PD‑1/PD‑L1 inhibitor with oncolytic virus, tumor vaccine, molecular targeted drugs, immunotherapy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, intestinal flora and traditional Chinese medicine, to provide information for development of effective combination therapies.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Kong X, Lu P, Liu C, Guo Y, Yang Y, Peng Y, Wang F, Bo Z, Dou X, Shi H, Shi H, et al: A combination of PD‑1/PD‑L1 inhibitors: The prospect of overcoming the weakness of tumor immunotherapy (Review). Mol Med Rep 23: 362, 2021.
APA
Kong, X., Lu, P., Liu, C., Guo, Y., Yang, Y., Peng, Y. ... Meng, J. (2021). A combination of PD‑1/PD‑L1 inhibitors: The prospect of overcoming the weakness of tumor immunotherapy (Review). Molecular Medicine Reports, 23, 362. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2021.12001
MLA
Kong, X., Lu, P., Liu, C., Guo, Y., Yang, Y., Peng, Y., Wang, F., Bo, Z., Dou, X., Shi, H., Meng, J."A combination of PD‑1/PD‑L1 inhibitors: The prospect of overcoming the weakness of tumor immunotherapy (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 23.5 (2021): 362.
Chicago
Kong, X., Lu, P., Liu, C., Guo, Y., Yang, Y., Peng, Y., Wang, F., Bo, Z., Dou, X., Shi, H., Meng, J."A combination of PD‑1/PD‑L1 inhibitors: The prospect of overcoming the weakness of tumor immunotherapy (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 23, no. 5 (2021): 362. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2021.12001
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Kong X, Lu P, Liu C, Guo Y, Yang Y, Peng Y, Wang F, Bo Z, Dou X, Shi H, Shi H, et al: A combination of PD‑1/PD‑L1 inhibitors: The prospect of overcoming the weakness of tumor immunotherapy (Review). Mol Med Rep 23: 362, 2021.
APA
Kong, X., Lu, P., Liu, C., Guo, Y., Yang, Y., Peng, Y. ... Meng, J. (2021). A combination of PD‑1/PD‑L1 inhibitors: The prospect of overcoming the weakness of tumor immunotherapy (Review). Molecular Medicine Reports, 23, 362. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2021.12001
MLA
Kong, X., Lu, P., Liu, C., Guo, Y., Yang, Y., Peng, Y., Wang, F., Bo, Z., Dou, X., Shi, H., Meng, J."A combination of PD‑1/PD‑L1 inhibitors: The prospect of overcoming the weakness of tumor immunotherapy (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 23.5 (2021): 362.
Chicago
Kong, X., Lu, P., Liu, C., Guo, Y., Yang, Y., Peng, Y., Wang, F., Bo, Z., Dou, X., Shi, H., Meng, J."A combination of PD‑1/PD‑L1 inhibitors: The prospect of overcoming the weakness of tumor immunotherapy (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 23, no. 5 (2021): 362. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2021.12001
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