Low‑calorie sweetener D‑psicose promotes hydrogen peroxide‑mediated apoptosis in C2C12 myogenic cells favoring skeletal muscle cell injury

Wei,Zhen-Jie; Sun,Lu; Li,Yu-Lin; Muhammad,Jibran Sualeh; Wang,Ying; Feng,Qian-Wen; Zhang,Yan-Zhuo; Inadera,Hidekuni; Cui,Zheng-Guo; Wu,Cheng-Ai

doi:10.3892/mmr.2021.12175

Low‑calorie sweetener D‑psicose promotes hydrogen peroxide‑mediated apoptosis in C2C12 myogenic cells favoring skeletal muscle cell injury

Authors:
- Zhen-Jie Wei
- Lu Sun
- Yu-Lin Li
- Jibran Sualeh Muhammad
- Ying Wang
- Qian-Wen Feng
- Yan-Zhuo Zhang
- Hidekuni Inadera
- Zheng-Guo Cui
- Cheng-Ai Wu
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Affiliations: Department of Molecular Orthopedics, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, P.R. China, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Heart Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, P.R. China, Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
Published online on: May 26, 2021 https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2021.12175
Article Number: 536
Copyright: © Wei et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Diet and exercise are the most effective approaches used to induce weight loss. D‑psicose is a low‑calorie sweetener that has been shown to reduce weight in obese individuals. However, the effect of D‑psicose on muscle cells under oxidative stress, which is produced during exercise, requires further investigation. The present study aimed to determine the effects of D‑psicose on C2C12 myogenic cells in vitro. Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) was used to stimulate the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in muscle cells to mimic exercise conditions. Cell viability was analyzed using a MTT assay and flow cytometry was used to analyze the levels of apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), the generation of ROS and the cell cycle distribution following treatment. Furthermore, protein expression levels were analyzed using western blotting and cell proliferation was determined using a colony formation assay. The results of the present study revealed that D‑psicose alone exerted no toxicity on C2C12 mouse myogenic cells. However, in the presence of low‑dose (100 µM) H₂O₂‑induced ROS, D‑psicose induced C2C12 cell injury and significantly decreased C2C12 cell viability in a dose‑dependent manner. In addition, the levels of apoptosis and the generation of ROS increased, while the MMP decreased. MAPK family molecules were also activated in a dose‑dependent manner following treatment. Notably, the combined treatment induced G₂/M phase arrest and reduced the proliferation of C2C12 cells. In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggested that D‑psicose may induce toxic effects on muscle cells in a simulated exercise situation by increasing ROS levels, activating the MAPK signaling pathway and disrupting the MMP.

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