Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Molecular Medicine Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1791-2997 Online ISSN: 1791-3004
Journal Cover
November-2021 Volume 24 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
November-2021 Volume 24 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Naringin induces apoptosis of gastric carcinoma cells via blocking the PI3K/AKT pathway and activating pro‑death autophagy

  • Authors:
    • Cuixiang Xu
    • Xiaoyan Huang
    • Yubin Huang
    • Xiao Liu
    • Min Wu
    • Jianhua Wang
    • Xianglong Duan
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immune Diseases, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China, Clinical Department, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China, Department of Research, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China, Second Department of General Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Xu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 772
    |
    Published online on: September 6, 2021
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2021.12412
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Naringin (Nar) is one of the natural glycosides extracted from pomelo and other citrus fruits. It has various pharmacological activities, including anti‑inflammatory, antioxidant, anti‑proliferative and anti‑cancer. However, the underlying mechanisms by which Nar regulates apoptosis and autophagy in gastric cancer remain unclear. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the therapeutic effect of Nar and the underlying mechanisms. SNU‑1 cell proliferation was determined using Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay. Cell morphological changes were observed under a phase‑contrast microscope. The changes in the cell cycle were determined using flow cytometry analysis and the changes in cell apoptosis were determined using flow cytometry, Hoechst 33258 and TUNEL staining. The protein levels pertaining to the PI3K/AKT pathway and cell apoptosis and autophagy were monitored using western blot analysis. The results demonstrated that Nar significantly inhibited SNU‑1 cell growth and induced cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase and cell apoptosis. Further mechanistic studies demonstrated that Nar blocked the PI3K/AKT pathway, activated cell autophagy and stimulated the expression of apoptosis‑associated protein cleaved caspase 3 and Bax, but decreased the expression of Bcl‑2. Preincubating SNU‑1 cells with 3‑methyladenine, a cell‑autophagy inhibitor, significantly alleviated the effects of Nar in promoting cell apoptosis and cleaved caspase 3 expression. It was concluded that Nar promoted SNU‑1 cell apoptosis via blocking the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and activating cell autophagy.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

View References

1 

Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA and Jemal A: Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 68:394–424. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Strand MS, Lockhart AC and Fields RC: Genetics of gastric cancer. Surg Clin North Am. 97:345–370. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Hamashima C: Current issues and future perspectives of gastric cancer screening. World J Gastroenterol. 20:13767–13774. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Zong L, Abe M, Seto Y and Ji J: The challenge of screening for early gastric cancer in China. Lancet. 388:26062016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Chen W, Zheng R, Baade PD, Zhang S, Zeng H, Bray F, Jemal A, Yu XQ and He J: Cancer statistics in China, 2015. CA Cancer J Clin. 66:115–132. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Roder DM: The epidemiology of gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer. 5 (Suppl 1):S5–S11. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Ang TL and Fock KM: Clinical epidemiology of gastric cancer. Singapore Med J. 55:621–628. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Kuo YT, Chang TT, Muo CH, Wu MY, Sun MF, Yeh CC and Yen HR: Use of complementary traditional Chinese medicines by adult cancer patients in Taiwan: A nationwide population-based study. Integr Cancer Ther. 17:531–541. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Singh N, Bansal Y, Bhandari R, Marwaha L, Singh R, Chopra K and Kuhad A: Naringin reverses neurobehavioral and biochemical alterations in intracerebroventricular collagenase-induced intracerebral hemorrhage in rats. Pharmacology. 100:172–187. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Chen R, Qi QL, Wang MT and Li QY: Therapeutic potential of naringin: An overview. Pharm Biol. 54:3203–3210. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Bharti S, Rani N, Krishnamurthy B and Arya DS: Preclinical evidence for the pharmacological actions of naringin: A review. Planta Med. 80:437–451. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Jeon SM, Bok SH, Jang MK, Kim YH, Nam KT, Jeong TS, Park YB and Choi MS: Comparison of antioxidant effects of naringin and probucol in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Clin Chim Acta. 317:181–190. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Jagetia GC and Reddy TK: Modulation of radiation-induced alteration in the antioxidant status of mice by naringin. Life Sci. 77:780–794. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Rajadurai M and Stanely Mainzen Prince P: Preventive effect of naringin on lipid peroxides and antioxidants in isoproterenol-induced cardiotoxicity in Wistar rats: Biochemical and histopathological evidences. Toxicology. 228:259–268. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Cheng H, Jiang X, Zhang Q, Ma J, Cheng R, Yong H, Shi H, Zhou X, Ge L and Gao G: Naringin inhibits colorectal cancer cell growth by repressing the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med. 19:3798–3804. 2020.PubMed/NCBI

16 

Ramesh E and Alshatwi AA: Naringin induces death receptor and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in human cervical cancer (SiHa) cells. Food Chem Toxicol. 51:97–105. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Cai L, Wu H, Tu C, Wen X and Zhou B: Naringin inhibits ovarian tumor growth by promoting apoptosis: An in vivo study. Oncol Lett. 16:59–64. 2018.PubMed/NCBI

18 

Banjerdpongchai R, Wudtiwai B and Khawon P: Induction of human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cell apoptosis by naringin. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 17:3289–3294. 2016.PubMed/NCBI

19 

Smyth EC, Nilsson M, Grabsch HI, van Grieken NC and Lordick F: Gastric cancer. Lancet. 396:635–648. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Ilghami R, Barzegari A, Mashayekhi MR, Letourneur D, Crepin M and Pavon-Djavid G: The conundrum of dietary antioxidants in cancer chemotherapy. Nutr Rev. 78:65–76. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

McDermott JH: Antioxidant nutrients: Current dietary recommendations and research update. J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash). 40:785–799. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Nijveldt RJ, van Nood E, van Hoorn DE, Boelens PG, van Norren K and van Leeuwen PA: Flavonoids: A review of probable mechanisms of action and potential applications. Am J Clin Nutr. 74:418–425. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Courdavault V, O'Connor SE, Oudin A, Besseau S and Papon N: Towards the microbial production of plant-derived anticancer drugs. Trends Cancer. 6:444–448. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Wang X, Ouyang Y, Liu J, Zhu M, Zhao G, Bao W and Hu FB: Fruit and vegetable consumption and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer: Systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. BMJ. 349:g44902014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Alam MA, Subhan N, Rahman MM, Uddin SJ, Reza HM and Sarker SD: Effect of citrus flavonoids, naringin and naringenin, on metabolic syndrome and their mechanisms of action. Adv Nutr. 5:404–417. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Mani JS, Johnson JB, Hosking H, Ashwath N, Walsh KB, Neilsen PM, Broszczak DA and Naiker M: Antioxidative and therapeutic potential of selected Australian plants: A review. J Ethnopharmacol. 268:1135802021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Blankson H, Grotterød EM and Seglen PO: Prevention of toxin-induced cytoskeletal disruption and apoptotic liver cell death by the grapefruit flavonoid, naringin. Cell Death Differ. 7:739–746. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Kawaguchi K, Kikuchi S, Hasegawa H, Maruyama H, Morita H and Kumazawa Y: Suppression of lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-release and liver injury in mice by naringin. Eur J Pharmacol. 368:245–250. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Tajaldini M, Samadi F, Khosravi A, Ghasemnejad A and Asadi J: Protective and anticancer effects of orange peel extract and naringin in doxorubicin treated esophageal cancer stem cell xenograft tumor mouse model. Biomed Pharmacother. 121:1095942020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Tarun EI, Kurchenko VP and Metelitsa DI: Flavonoids as effective protectors of urease from ultrasonic inactivation in solutions. Bioorg Khim. 32:391–398. 2006.(In Russian). PubMed/NCBI

31 

Liu Y, Kang X, Niu G, He S, Zhang T, Bai Y, Li Y, Hao H, Chen C, Shou Z and Li B: Shikonin induces apoptosis and prosurvival autophagy in human melanoma A375 cells via ROS-mediated ER stress and p38 pathways. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 47:626–635. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Kang X, Wang H, Li Y, Xiao Y, Zhao L, Zhang T, Zhou S, Zhou X, Li Y, Shou Z, et al: Alantolactone induces apoptosis through ROS-mediated AKT pathway and inhibition of PINK1-mediated mitophagy in human HepG2 cells. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 47:1961–1970. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Qiu C, Zhang T, Zhang W, Zhou L, Yu B, Wang W, Yang Z, Liu Z, Zou P and Liang G: Licochalcone a inhibits the proliferation of human lung cancer cell lines A549 and H460 by inducing G2/M cell cycle arrest and ER stress. Int J Mol Sci. 18:17612017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Kabala-Dzik A, Rzepecka-Stojko A, Kubina R, Iriti M, Wojtyczka RD, Buszman E and Stojko J: Flavonoids, bioactive components of propolis, exhibit cytotoxic activity and induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7-a comparative study. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 64:1–10. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Lin R, Hu X, Chen S, Shi Q and Chen H: Naringin induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis, inhibits β-catenin pathway and arrests cell cycle in cervical cancer cells. Acta Biochim Pol. 67:181–188. 2020.PubMed/NCBI

36 

Ming H, Chuang Q, Jiashi W, Bin L, Guangbin W and Xianglu J: Naringin targets Zeb1 to suppress osteosarcoma cell proliferation and metastasis. Aging (Albany NY). 10:4141–4151. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Sang Eun H, Seong Min K, Ho Jeong L, Vetrivel P, Venkatarame Gowda Saralamma V, Jeong Doo H, Eun Hee K, Sang Joon L and Gon Sup K: Scutellarein induces Fas-mediated extrinsic apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest in Hep3B hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Nutrients. 11:2632019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Zhang Y, Xu X, Li W, Miao H, Huang S, Zhou Y, Sun Y, Li Z, Guo Q and Zhao L: Activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and the extrinsic apoptotic pathway in human lung cancer cells by the new synthetic flavonoid, LZ-205. Oncotarget. 7:87257–87270. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Tavsan Z and Kayali HA: Flavonoids showed anticancer effects on the ovarian cancer cells: Involvement of reactive oxygen species, apoptosis, cell cycle and invasion. Biomed Pharmacother. 116:1090042019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Porta C, Paglino C and Mosca A: Targeting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in cancer. Front Oncol. 4:642014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Yang J, Ren X, Zhang L, Li Y, Cheng B and Xia J: Oridonin inhibits oral cancer growth and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother. 100:226–232. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Zhu ML, Zhang PM, Jiang M, Yu SW and Wang L: Myricetin induces apoptosis and autophagy by inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling in human colon cancer cells. BMC Complement Med Ther. 20:2092020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Zhou J, Xia L and Zhang Y: Naringin inhibits thyroid cancer cell proliferation and induces cell apoptosis through repressing PI3K/AKT pathway. Pathol Res Pract. 215:1527072019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Yun CW and Lee SH: The roles of autophagy in cancer. Int J Mol Sci. 19:34662018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Towers CG, Wodetzki D and Thorburn A: Autophagy and cancer: Modulation of cell death pathways and cancer cell adaptations. J Cell Biol. 219:e2019090332020.PubMed/NCBI

46 

Wei M, Wu Y, Liu H and Xie C: Genipin induces autophagy and suppresses cell growth of oral squamous cell carcinoma via PI3K/AKT/MTOR pathway. Drug Des Devel Ther. 14:395–405. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Zhou J, Jiang YY, Chen H, Wu YC and Zhang L: Tanshinone I attenuates the malignant biological properties of ovarian cancer by inducing apoptosis and autophagy via the inactivation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Cell Prolif. 53:e127392020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

48 

Raha S, Yumnam S, Hong GE, Lee HJ, Saralamma VV, Park HS, Heo JD, Lee SJ, Kim EH, Kim JA and Kim GS: Naringin induces autophagy-mediated growth inhibition by downregulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR cascade via activation of MAPK pathways in AGS cancer cells. Int J Oncol. 47:1061–1069. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

49 

Liu WJ, Ye L, Huang WF, Guo LJ, Xu ZG, Wu HL, Yang C and Liu HF: p62 links the autophagy pathway and the ubiqutin-proteasome system upon ubiquitinated protein degradation. Cell Mol Biol Lett. 21:292016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

50 

Zhang YB, Gong JL, Xing TY, Zheng SP and Ding W: Autophagy protein p62/SQSTM1 is involved in HAMLET-induced cell death by modulating apotosis in U87MG cells. Cell Death Dis. 4:e5502013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Xu C, Huang X, Huang Y, Liu X, Wu M, Wang J and Duan X: Naringin induces apoptosis of gastric carcinoma cells via blocking the PI3K/AKT pathway and activating pro‑death autophagy. Mol Med Rep 24: 772, 2021.
APA
Xu, C., Huang, X., Huang, Y., Liu, X., Wu, M., Wang, J., & Duan, X. (2021). Naringin induces apoptosis of gastric carcinoma cells via blocking the PI3K/AKT pathway and activating pro‑death autophagy. Molecular Medicine Reports, 24, 772. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2021.12412
MLA
Xu, C., Huang, X., Huang, Y., Liu, X., Wu, M., Wang, J., Duan, X."Naringin induces apoptosis of gastric carcinoma cells via blocking the PI3K/AKT pathway and activating pro‑death autophagy". Molecular Medicine Reports 24.5 (2021): 772.
Chicago
Xu, C., Huang, X., Huang, Y., Liu, X., Wu, M., Wang, J., Duan, X."Naringin induces apoptosis of gastric carcinoma cells via blocking the PI3K/AKT pathway and activating pro‑death autophagy". Molecular Medicine Reports 24, no. 5 (2021): 772. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2021.12412
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Xu C, Huang X, Huang Y, Liu X, Wu M, Wang J and Duan X: Naringin induces apoptosis of gastric carcinoma cells via blocking the PI3K/AKT pathway and activating pro‑death autophagy. Mol Med Rep 24: 772, 2021.
APA
Xu, C., Huang, X., Huang, Y., Liu, X., Wu, M., Wang, J., & Duan, X. (2021). Naringin induces apoptosis of gastric carcinoma cells via blocking the PI3K/AKT pathway and activating pro‑death autophagy. Molecular Medicine Reports, 24, 772. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2021.12412
MLA
Xu, C., Huang, X., Huang, Y., Liu, X., Wu, M., Wang, J., Duan, X."Naringin induces apoptosis of gastric carcinoma cells via blocking the PI3K/AKT pathway and activating pro‑death autophagy". Molecular Medicine Reports 24.5 (2021): 772.
Chicago
Xu, C., Huang, X., Huang, Y., Liu, X., Wu, M., Wang, J., Duan, X."Naringin induces apoptosis of gastric carcinoma cells via blocking the PI3K/AKT pathway and activating pro‑death autophagy". Molecular Medicine Reports 24, no. 5 (2021): 772. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2021.12412
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team