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Mental depression: Relation to different disease status, newer treatments and its association with COVID-19 pandemic (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Mohamed S. Abdel-Bakky
    • Elham Amin
    • Tarek M. Faris
    • Ahmed A.H. Abdellatif
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia, Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt, Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia
    Copyright: © Abdel-Bakky et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 839
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    Published online on: October 8, 2021
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2021.12479
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Abstract

The present study aimed to review major depression, including its types, epidemiology, association with different diseases status and treatments, as well as its correlation with the current COVID-19 pandemic. Mental depression is a common disorder that affects most individuals at one time or another. During depression, there are changes in mood and behavior, accompanied by feelings of defeat, hopelessness, or even suicidal thoughts. Depression has a direct or indirect relation with a number of other diseases including Alzheimer's disease, stroke, epilepsy, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer. In addition, antidepressant drugs have several side effects including sedation, increased weight, indigestion, sexual dysfunction, or a decrease in blood pressure. Stopping medication may cause a relapse of the symptoms of depression and pose a risk of attempted suicide. The pandemic of COVID-19 has affected the mental health of individuals, including patients, individuals contacting patients and medical staff with a number of mental disorders that may adversely affect the immune ability of their bodies. Some of the drugs currently included in the protocols for treating COVID-19 may negatively affect the mental health of patients. Evidence accumulated over the years indicates that serotonin (5HT) deficiencies and norepinephrine (NE) in the brain can lead to mental depression. Drugs that increase levels of NE and 5HT are commonly used in the treatment of depression. The common reason for mood disorders, including mania and bipolar disease are not clearly understood. It is assumed that hyperactivity in specific parts of the brain and excessive activity of neurotransmitters may be involved. Early diagnosis and developing new treatment strategies are essential for the prevention of the severe consequences of depression. In addition, extensive research should be directed towards the investigation of the mental health disturbances occurring during and/or after COVID-19 infection. This may lead to the incorporation of a suitable antidepressant into the current treatment protocols.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Abdel-Bakky MS, Amin E, Faris TM and Abdellatif AA: Mental depression: Relation to different disease status, newer treatments and its association with COVID-19 pandemic (Review). Mol Med Rep 24: 839, 2021.
APA
Abdel-Bakky, M.S., Amin, E., Faris, T.M., & Abdellatif, A.A. (2021). Mental depression: Relation to different disease status, newer treatments and its association with COVID-19 pandemic (Review). Molecular Medicine Reports, 24, 839. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2021.12479
MLA
Abdel-Bakky, M. S., Amin, E., Faris, T. M., Abdellatif, A. A."Mental depression: Relation to different disease status, newer treatments and its association with COVID-19 pandemic (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 24.6 (2021): 839.
Chicago
Abdel-Bakky, M. S., Amin, E., Faris, T. M., Abdellatif, A. A."Mental depression: Relation to different disease status, newer treatments and its association with COVID-19 pandemic (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 24, no. 6 (2021): 839. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2021.12479
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Abdel-Bakky MS, Amin E, Faris TM and Abdellatif AA: Mental depression: Relation to different disease status, newer treatments and its association with COVID-19 pandemic (Review). Mol Med Rep 24: 839, 2021.
APA
Abdel-Bakky, M.S., Amin, E., Faris, T.M., & Abdellatif, A.A. (2021). Mental depression: Relation to different disease status, newer treatments and its association with COVID-19 pandemic (Review). Molecular Medicine Reports, 24, 839. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2021.12479
MLA
Abdel-Bakky, M. S., Amin, E., Faris, T. M., Abdellatif, A. A."Mental depression: Relation to different disease status, newer treatments and its association with COVID-19 pandemic (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 24.6 (2021): 839.
Chicago
Abdel-Bakky, M. S., Amin, E., Faris, T. M., Abdellatif, A. A."Mental depression: Relation to different disease status, newer treatments and its association with COVID-19 pandemic (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 24, no. 6 (2021): 839. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2021.12479
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