Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Molecular Medicine Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1791-2997 Online ISSN: 1791-3004
Journal Cover
May-2022 Volume 25 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
May-2022 Volume 25 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Reparative effects of chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia pre‑treatment on intervertebral disc degeneration in rats

  • Authors:
    • Shu-Ren Liu
    • Dong Ren
    • Hao-Tan Wu
    • Shuang-Quan Yao
    • Zhao-Hui Song
    • Lin-Dan Geng
    • Peng-Cheng Wang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Major Laboratory of Orthopaedic Biomechanics in Hebei Province, Department of Orthopaedic Trauma Service Centre, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei, Shijiazhuang 050051, P.R. China, Major Laboratory of Orthopaedic Biomechanics in Hebei Province, Department of Orthopaedic Trauma Service Centre, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei, Shijiazhuang 050051, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Liu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 173
    |
    Published online on: March 18, 2022
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2022.12689
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Previous studies have indicated that chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (CIHH) preconditioning can inhibit TNF‑α and other related inflammatory cytokines and exerts protective effect on intervertebral disc degeneration disease (IDD) in rats; however, the mechanism is still unclear. The present study aimed to explore the repair mechanisms of CIHH on IDD in rats. In the experiment, 48 adult Sprague‑Dawley rats were selected and randomly divided into an experimental group (CIHH‑IDD), a degenerative group (IDD) and a control group (CON). The CIHH‑IDD group of rats (n=16) were treated with CIHH (simulated 3000 m altitude, 5 h per day, 28 days; PO2=108.8 mmHg) before disc degeneration surgery. The IDD group of rats (n=16) underwent tail‑vertebral intervertebral disc surgery to establish a model of intervertebral disc degeneration. The CON group of rats (n=16) did not receive any treatments. After surgery, the disc height index was calculated using X‑ray analysis of rat tail vertebrae, the degeneration process was observed and repair was evaluated by chemically staining degenerative intervertebral disc tissue slices. The expression levels of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), TGFβ1, Collagen I and Collagen II were measured in the intervertebral disc tissue using western blotting; while the expression levels of bFGF, TGFβ1 and hypoxia‑inducible factor 1‑α (HIF‑1α) were measured in rat serum using ELISA. The results demonstrated that: i) The degree of intervertebral disc height degeneration in CIHH‑IDD rats was significantly lower compared with that in IDD rats (P<0.05); ii) the expression levels of bFGF, TGFβ1 and HIF‑1α were higher in CIHH‑IDD rat serum compared with those in IDD rat serum (P<0.05); iii) optical microscopy revealed that the degree of disc degeneration was relatively mild in CIHH‑IDD rats; and iv) the protein expression levels of bFGF, TGFβ1 and collagen II were increased in CIHH‑IDD rat intervertebral disc tissues compared with those of IDD rats, while the overexpression of collagen I protein was inhibited. Overall, after CIHH pre‑treatment, the expression levels of bFGF and TGFβ1 were up‑regulated, which play notable roles in repairing degenerative intervertebral discs in rats.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

Figure 9

Figure 10

View References

1 

GBD 2015 DALYs and HALE Collaborators, . Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 315 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE), 1990–2015: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2015. Lancet. 388:1603–1658. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Kepler CK, Ponnappan RK, Tannoury CA, Risbud MV and Anderson DG: The molecular basis of intervertebral disc degeneration. Spine J. 13:318–330. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Risbud MV and Shapiro IM: Role of cytokines in intervertebral disc degeneration: Pain and disc content. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 10:44–56. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Masuda K, Aota Y, Muehleman C, Imai Y, Okuma M, Thonar EJ, Andersson GB and An HS: A novel rabbit model of mild, reproducible disc degeneration by an anulus needle puncture: Correlation between the degree of disc injury and radiological and histological appearances of disc degeneration. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 30:5–14. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Shi M, Cui F, Liu AJ, Ma HJ, Cheng M, Song SX, Yuan F, Li DP and Zhang Y: The protective effects of chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia pretreatment against collagen-induced arthritis in rats. J Inflamm (Lond). 12:232015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Roels B, Bentley DJ, Coste O, Mercier J and Millet GP: Effects of intermittent hypoxic training on cycling performance in well-trained athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol. 101:359–368. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Wei F, Zhong R, Pan X, Khaleel M, Hammoud A, Zhou Z, Liu S, Sun H, Zhao Y, Zou X, et al: Computed tomography-guided sub-end plate injection of pingyangmycin for a novel rabbit model of slowly progressive disc degeneration. Spine J. 19:e6–e18. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Yuan W, Che W, Jiang YQ, Yuan FL, Wang HR, Zheng GL, Li XL and Dong J: Establishment of intervertebral disc degeneration model induced by ischemic sub-endplate in rat tail. Spine J. 15:1050–1059. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Kang R, Li H, Ringgaard S, Rickers K, Sun H, Chen M, Xie L and Bünger C: Interference in the endplate nutritional pathway causes intervertebral disc degeneration in an immature porcine model. Int Orthop. 38:1011–1017. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Han B, Zhu K, Li FC, Xiao YX, Feng J, Shi ZL, Lin M, Wang J and Chen QX: A simple disc degeneration model induced by percutaneous needle puncture in the rat tail. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 33:1925–1934. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Schwan S, Ludtka C, Friedmann A, Heilmann A, Baerthel A, Brehm W, Wiesner I, Meisel HJ and Goehre F: Long-term pathology of ovine lumbar spine degeneration following injury via percutaneous minimally invasive partial nucleotomy. J Orthop Res. 37:2376–2388. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

de Campos MF, de Oliveira CP, Neff CB, de Toledo Correa OM, Pinhal MA and Rodrigues LM: Studies of molecular changes in intervertebral disc degeneration in animal model. Acta Ortop Bras. 24:16–21. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Ruiz-Fernández C, Francisco V, Pino J, Mera A, González-Gay M, Gómez R, Lago F and Gualillo O: Molecular relationships among obesity, inflammation and intervertebral disc degeneration: Are adipokines the common link? Int J Mol Sci. 20:20302019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Jin L, Balian G and Li XJ: Animal models for disc degeneration-an update. Histol Histopathol. 33:543–554. 2018.PubMed/NCBI

15 

Xu TT, Liao F, Jin HT, Tong PJ, Xiao LW and Wu CL: Research advance on intervertebral disc degeneration and cell death. Zhongguo Gu Shang. 28:673–678. 2015.(In Chinese). PubMed/NCBI

16 

Vergroesen PP, Kingma I, Emanuel KS, Hoogendoorn RJ, Welting TJ, van Royen BJ, van Dieën JH and Smit TH: Mechanics and biology in intervertebral disc degeneration: A vicious circle. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 23:1057–1070. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Fujita N, Markova D, Anderson DG, Chiba K, Toyama Y, Shapiro IM and Risbud MV: Expression of prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) is selectively controlled by HIF-1 and HIF-2 proteins in nucleus pulposus cells of the intervertebral disc: distinct roles of PHD2 and PHD3 proteins in controlling HIF-1α activity in hypoxia. J Biol Chem. 287:16975–16986. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Tissot van Patot MC, Serkova NJ, Haschke M, Kominsky DJ, Roach RC, Christians U, Henthorn TK and Honigman B: Enhanced leukocyte HIF-1alpha and HIF-1 DNA binding in humans after rapid ascent to 4300 m. Free Radic Biol Med. 46:1551–1557. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Meerson F, Pozharov V and Minyailenko T: Superresistance against hypoxia after preliminary adaptation to repeated stress. J Appl Physiol (1985). 76:1856–1861. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Zhou JJ, Ma HJ, Liu Y, Guan Y, Maslov LN, Li DP and Zhang Y: The anti-arrhythmic effect of chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia in rats with metabolic syndrome induced with fructose. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 93:227–232. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Kushwah N, Jain V, Deep S, Prasad D, Singh SB and Khan N: Neuroprotective role of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia in unpredictable chronic mild stress induced depression in rats. PLoS One. 11:e01493092016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Zhu XH, Yan HC, Zhang J, Qu HD, Qiu XS, Chen L, Li SJ, Cao X, Bean JC, Chen LH, et al: Intermittent hypoxia promotes hippocampal neurogenesis and produces antidepressant-like effects in adult rats. J Neurosci. 30:12653–12663. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Ambalavanan N, Bulger A and Philips JB III: Hypoxia-induced release of peptide growth factors from neonatal porcine pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Biol Neonate. 76:311–319. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Ruszkowska-Ciastek B, Sokup A, Socha M, Ruprecht Z, Hałas L, Góralczyk B, Góralczyk K, Gadomska G and Rość D: A preliminary evaluation of VEGF-A, VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 in patients with well-controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 15:575–581. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Mahmood MQ, Reid D, Ward C, Muller HK, Knight DA, Sohal SS and Walters EH: Transforming growth factor (TGF) β1 and Smad signalling pathways: A likely key to EMT-associated COPD pathogenesis. Respirology. 22:133–140. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Zhang JC, Chen G, Chen L, Meng ZJ, Xiong XZ, Liu HJ, Jin Y, Tao XN, Wu JH and Sun SW: TGF-β/BAMBI pathway dysfunction contributes to peripheral Th17/Treg imbalance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Sci Rep. 6:319112016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Verhamme FM, Bracke KR, Joos GF and Brusselle GG: Transforming growth factor-β superfamily in obstructive lung diseases. more suspects than TGF-β alone. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 52:653–662. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Schietke R, Warnecke C, Wacker I, Schödel J, Mole DR, Campean V, Amann K, Goppelt-Struebe M, Behrens J, Eckardt KU and Wiesener MS: The lysyl oxidases LOX and LOXL2 are necessary and sufficient to repress E-cadherin in hypoxia: Insights into cellular transformation processes mediated by HIF-1. J Biol Chem. 285:6658–6669. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Green RS, Lieb ME, Weintraub AS, Gacheru SN, Rosenfield CL, Shah S, Kagan HM and Taubman MB: Identification of lysyl oxidase and other platelet-derived growth factor-inducible genes in vascular smooth muscle cells by differential screening. Lab Invest. 73:476–482. 1995.PubMed/NCBI

30 

Atsawasuwan P, Mochida Y, Katafuchi M, Kaku M, Fong KS, Csiszar K and Yamauchi M: Lysyl oxidase binds transforming growth factor-beta and regulates its signaling via amine oxidase activity. J Biol Chem. 283:34229–34240. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Rodríguez C, Alcudia JF, Martínez-González J, Raposo B, Navarro MA and Badimon L: Lysyl oxidase (LOX) down-regulation by TNFalpha: A new mechanism underlying TNFalpha-induced endothelial dysfunction. Atherosclerosis. 196:558–564. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Xia W, Zhang LL, Mo J, Zhang W, Li HT, Luo ZP and Yang HL: Effect of static compression loads on intervertebral disc: An in vivo bent rat tail model. Orthop Surg. 10:134–143. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Thompson JP, Oegema TR Jr and Bradford DS: Stimulation of mature canine intervertebral disc by growth factors. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 16:253–260. 1991. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Nagano T, Yonenobu K, Miyamoto S, Tohyama M and Ono K: Distribution of the basic fibroblast growth factor and its receptor gene expression in normal and degenerated rat intervertebral discs. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 20:1972–1978. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Tolonen J, Grönblad M, Vanharanta H, Virri J, Guyer RD, Rytömaa T and Karaharju EO: Growth factor expression in degenerated intervertebral disc tissue. An immunohistochemical analysis of transforming growth factor beta, fibroblast growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor. Eur Spine J. 15:588–596. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Pratsinis H and Kletsas D: PDGF, bFGF and IGF-I stimulate the proliferation of intervertebral disc cells in vitro via the activation of the ERK and Akt signaling pathways. Eur Spine J. 16:1858–1866. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Bibby SR and Urban JP: Effect of nutrient deprivation on the viability of intervertebral disc cells. Eur Spine J. 13:695–701. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Singh K, Masuda K, Thonar EJ, An HS and Cs-Szabo G: Age-related changes in the extracellular matrix of nucleus pulposus and anulus fibrosus of human intervertebral disc. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 34:10–16. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Xie J, Li B, Yao B, Zhang P, Wang L, Lu H and Song X: Transforming growth factor-β1-regulated Fas/FasL pathway activation suppresses nucleus pulposus cell apoptosis in an inflammatory environment. Biosci Rep. 40:BSR201917262020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Walsh AJ, Bradford DS and Lotz JC: In vivo growth factor treatment of degenerated intervertebral discs. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 29:156–163. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Liu S, Ren D, Wu H, Yao S, Song Z, Geng L and Wang P: Reparative effects of chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia pre‑treatment on intervertebral disc degeneration in rats. Mol Med Rep 25: 173, 2022.
APA
Liu, S., Ren, D., Wu, H., Yao, S., Song, Z., Geng, L., & Wang, P. (2022). Reparative effects of chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia pre‑treatment on intervertebral disc degeneration in rats. Molecular Medicine Reports, 25, 173. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2022.12689
MLA
Liu, S., Ren, D., Wu, H., Yao, S., Song, Z., Geng, L., Wang, P."Reparative effects of chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia pre‑treatment on intervertebral disc degeneration in rats". Molecular Medicine Reports 25.5 (2022): 173.
Chicago
Liu, S., Ren, D., Wu, H., Yao, S., Song, Z., Geng, L., Wang, P."Reparative effects of chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia pre‑treatment on intervertebral disc degeneration in rats". Molecular Medicine Reports 25, no. 5 (2022): 173. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2022.12689
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Liu S, Ren D, Wu H, Yao S, Song Z, Geng L and Wang P: Reparative effects of chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia pre‑treatment on intervertebral disc degeneration in rats. Mol Med Rep 25: 173, 2022.
APA
Liu, S., Ren, D., Wu, H., Yao, S., Song, Z., Geng, L., & Wang, P. (2022). Reparative effects of chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia pre‑treatment on intervertebral disc degeneration in rats. Molecular Medicine Reports, 25, 173. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2022.12689
MLA
Liu, S., Ren, D., Wu, H., Yao, S., Song, Z., Geng, L., Wang, P."Reparative effects of chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia pre‑treatment on intervertebral disc degeneration in rats". Molecular Medicine Reports 25.5 (2022): 173.
Chicago
Liu, S., Ren, D., Wu, H., Yao, S., Song, Z., Geng, L., Wang, P."Reparative effects of chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia pre‑treatment on intervertebral disc degeneration in rats". Molecular Medicine Reports 25, no. 5 (2022): 173. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2022.12689
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team