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![Effects of BM treatment on the
dRib-induced decreases in (A) l-[14C]cystine uptake, (B)
intracellular GSH content and (C) cell viability. (A) NRK-52E cells
were co-stimulated with 0, 10, 30 and 50 mM dRib with or without
0.2 µM BM for 4 h in the extracellular fluid buffer containing 1.7
µM l-[14C]cystine (0.1 µCi/ml) at 37°C. The
radioactivity incorporated into the cells was determined by a
liquid scintillation counter. (B and C) The cells were
co-stimulated with 0, 10, 30 and 50 mM dRib with or without 0.2 µM
BM for 6 h in DMEM containing 10% FBS. (B) Intracellular GSH
concentration was measured using a GSH assay kit. (C) Cell
viability was measured by LDH release assay. The data are presented
as the mean ± SD. These experiments were performed thrice, in
triplicate. *P<0.05 and **P<0.01 vs. control and
††P<0.01 vs. dRib alone, as determined by one-way
analysis of variance and Tukey's post-hoc test or Welch's ANOVA
followed by Dunnett's T3 post hoc test, depending on the result of
Levene's test. BM, bardoxolone methyl; dRib, 2-deoxy-d-ribose; GSH,
glutathione; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; DMEM, Dulbecco's Modified
Eagle Medium; FBS, fetal bovine serum; SD, standard deviation.](/article_images/mmr/32/4/mmr-32-04-13632-g00.jpg)
![Effects of ML385 and brusatol on the
protective effects of BM treatment on dRib-induced changes in (A)
l-[14C]cystine uptake, (B) intracellular GSH and (C)
iron contents, (D) intracellular MDA, (E) lipid ROS levels and (F)
cell viability. (A) NRK-52E cells were co-stimulated with 0.2 µM
BM, 100 µM ML385, or 100 µM brusatol and 50 mM dRib for 4 h in the
extracellular fluid buffer containing 1.7 µM
l-[14C]cystine (0.1 µCi/ml) at 37°C. The radioactivity
incorporated into the cells was determined by a liquid
scintillation counter. (B-D and F) NRK-52E cells were co-stimulated
with 0.2 µM BM, 100 µM ML385, or 100 µM brusatol and 50 mM dRib for
6 h in DMEM media containing 10% FBS. The intracellular GSH and
iron levels, intracellular MDA levels, and cell viability were
measured using a GSH assay kit, an iron assay kit, MDA assay kit,
and LDH release assay kit, respectively. These experiments were
performed thrice, in triplicate. (E) Intracellular lipid ROS level
was quantified by flow cytometry using the lipophilic fluorescent
dye C11-BODIPY. Cells were incubated with 4 µM C11-BODIPY during
the final 30 min. Fold control of the mean fluorescence intensity
of experimental groups. This experiment was performed four times.
Data are presented as the mean ± SD. **P<0.01 vs. control;
††P<0.01 vs. 50 mM dRib-alone group;
‡‡P<0.01 vs. 50 mM dRib plus 0.2 µM BM group, as
determined by one way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc
test. BM, bardoxolone methyl; dRib, 2-deoxy-d-ribose; GSH,
glutathione; MDA, malondialdehyde; ROS, reactive oxygen
species.](/article_images/mmr/32/4/mmr-32-04-13632-g01.jpg)
