The rare case of giant cell tumor occuring in the axial skeleton after 15 years of follow-up: Case report

Donthineni R, Boriani L, Ofluoglu O and Bandiera S: Metastatic behaviour of giant cell tumour of the spine. Int Orthop. 33:497–501. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Goldenberg RR, Campbell CJ and Bonfiglio M: Giant-cell tumor of bone. An analysis of two hundred and eighteen cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 52:619–664. 1970.PubMed/NCBI

Sanjay BK, Sim FH, Unni KK, McLeod RA and Klassen RA: Giant-cell tumours of the spine. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 75:148–154. 1993.PubMed/NCBI

Kumar R, Guinto FC Jr, Madewell JE, David R and Shirkhoda A: Expansile bone lesions of the vertebra. Radiographics. 8:749–769. 1988. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Bitoh S, Takimoto N, Nakagawa H, Namba J, Sakaki S and Gohma T: Giant cell tumor of the skull. Surg Neurol. 9:185–188. 1978.PubMed/NCBI

Boriani S, Weinstein JN and Biagini R: Primary bone tumors of the spine. Terminology and surgical staging Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 22:1036–1044. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Bertoni F, Unni KK, Beabout JW and Ebersold MJ: Giant cell tumor of the skull. Cancer. 70:1124–1132. 1992. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Kos CB, Taconis WK, Fidler MW and ten Velden JJ: Multifocal giant cell tumors in the spine. A case report Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 22:821–822. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Onuigbo WI: Batson’s theory of vertebral venous metastasis: a review. Oncology. 32:145–150. 1975.

Batson OV: The function of the vertebral veins and their role in the spread of metastases. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 312:4–9. 1995.PubMed/NCBI

McGough RL, Rutledge J, Lewis VO, Lin PP and Yasko AW: Impact severity of local recurrence in giant cell tumor of bone. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 438:116–122. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Lausten GS, Jensen PK, Schiodt T and Lund B: Local recurrences in giant cell tumour of bone. long-term follow up of 31 cases. Int Orthop. 20:172–176. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Mnaymneh WA, Dudley HR and Mnaymneh LG: Giant-cell tumor of bone. an analysis and follow-up study of the forty-one cases observed at the Massachusetts General Hospital between 1925 and 1960. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 46:63–75. 1964.PubMed/NCBI

Shikata J, Yamamuro T, Kotoura Y, Mikawa Y, Iida H and Maetani S: Total sacrectomy and reconstruction for primary tumors. report of two cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 70:122–125. 1988.PubMed/NCBI

Refai D, Dunn GP and Santiago P: Giant cell tumor of the thoracic spine: case report and review of the literature. Surg Neurol. 71:228–233. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Caudell JJ, Ballo MT, Zagars GK, et al: Radiotherapy in the management of giant cell tumor of bone. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 57:158–165. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Nair MK and Jyothirmayi R: Radiation therapy in the treatment of giant cell tumor of bone. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 43:1065–1069. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Fujimoto N, Nakagawa K, Seichi A, et al: A new bisphosphonate treatment option for giant cell tumors. Oncol Rep. 8:643–647. 2001.PubMed/NCBI

Bergh P, Kindblom LG, Gunterberg B, Remotti F, Ryd W and Meis-Kindblom JM: Prognostic factors in chordoma of the sacrum and mobile spine: a study of 39 patients. Cancer. 88:2122–2134. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Fourney DR, Rhines LD, Hentschel SJ, et al: En bloc resection of primary sacral tumors: classification of surgical approaches and outcome. J Neurosurg Spine. 3:111–122. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI