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Article

Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia

  • Authors:
    • Mohamed Ahmed Badr
    • Tamer Hasan Hassan
    • Khaled   Mohamed El‑Gerby
    • Mohamed El-Sayed Lamey
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Pediatrics, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt, Department of Radiodiagnosis, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
  • Pages: 621-626
    |
    Published online on: December 12, 2012
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2012.1072
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Abstract

The issue of delayed neurological damage as a result of treatment is becoming increasingly important now that an increased number of children survive treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Following modification of the treatment protocols, severe symptomatic late effects are rare, and most adverse effects are detected by sensitive imaging methods such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or by neuropsychological testing. In this study we aimed to determine the prevalence and characteristics of late central nervous system (CNS) damage by MRI and clinical examination in children treated for ALL. A cross-sectional study was carried out at the pediatric oncology unit of Zagazig University, Egypt, and included 25 patients who were consecutively enrolled and treated according to the modified Children's Cancer Group (CCG) 1991 protocol for standard risk ALL and the modified CCG 1961 protocol for high-risk ALL and who had survived more than 5 years from the diagnosis. All relevant data were collected from patients' medical records; particularly the data concerning the initial clinical presentation and initial brain imaging. All patients were subjected to thorough history and full physical examination with special emphasis on the neurological system. MRI of the brain was performed for all patients. The mean age of patients was 6.9±3.04 years at diagnosis and was 12.9±3.2 years at the time of study. The patients comprised 14 boys and 11 girls. Abnormal MRI findings were detected in six patients (24%). They were in the form of leukoencephalopathy in two patients (8%), brain atrophy in two patients (8%), old infarct in one patient (4%) and old hemorrhage in one patient (4%). The number of abnormal MRI findings was significantly higher in high-risk patients, patients who had CNS manifestations at diagnosis and patients who had received cranial irradiation. We concluded that cranial irradiation is associated with higher incidence of MRI changes in children treated for ALL. Limitation of cranial irradiation to selected patients contributed to a lower incidence of neurological complications in our study. MRI is a sensitive radiological tool to detect structural changes in children treated for ALL, even in asymptomatic cases.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Badr MA, Hassan TH, El‑Gerby KM and Lamey ME: Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Oncol Lett 5: 621-626, 2013.
APA
Badr, M.A., Hassan, T.H., El‑Gerby, K.M., & Lamey, M.E. (2013). Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Oncology Letters, 5, 621-626. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2012.1072
MLA
Badr, M. A., Hassan, T. H., El‑Gerby, K. M., Lamey, M. E."Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia". Oncology Letters 5.2 (2013): 621-626.
Chicago
Badr, M. A., Hassan, T. H., El‑Gerby, K. M., Lamey, M. E."Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia". Oncology Letters 5, no. 2 (2013): 621-626. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2012.1072
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Badr MA, Hassan TH, El‑Gerby KM and Lamey ME: Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Oncol Lett 5: 621-626, 2013.
APA
Badr, M.A., Hassan, T.H., El‑Gerby, K.M., & Lamey, M.E. (2013). Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Oncology Letters, 5, 621-626. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2012.1072
MLA
Badr, M. A., Hassan, T. H., El‑Gerby, K. M., Lamey, M. E."Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia". Oncology Letters 5.2 (2013): 621-626.
Chicago
Badr, M. A., Hassan, T. H., El‑Gerby, K. M., Lamey, M. E."Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia". Oncology Letters 5, no. 2 (2013): 621-626. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2012.1072
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