ALDH1 and podoplanin expression patterns predict the risk of malignant transformation in oral leukoplakia

Habiba,Umma; Hida,Kyoko; Kitamura,Tetsuya; Matsuda,Aya  Yanagawa; Higashino,Fumihiro; Ito,Yoichi  M.; Ohiro,Yoichi; Totsuka,Yasunori; Shindoh,Masanobu

doi:10.3892/ol.2016.5379

ALDH1 and podoplanin expression patterns predict the risk of malignant transformation in oral leukoplakia

Authors:
- Umma Habiba
- Kyoko Hida
- Tetsuya Kitamura
- Aya Yanagawa Matsuda
- Fumihiro Higashino
- Yoichi M. Ito
- Yoichi Ohiro
- Yasunori Totsuka
- Masanobu Shindoh
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Affiliations: Department of Oral Pathology and Biology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo 060‑0815, Japan, Department of Vascular Biology, Frontier Research Unit, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060‑0815, Japan, Department of Biostatistics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060‑0815, Japan, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo 060‑0815, Japan
Published online on: November 10, 2016 https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.5379
Pages: 321-328
Copyright: © Habiba et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Oral leukoplakia (OL) is a clinically diagnosed preneoplastic lesion of the oral cavity with an increased oral cancer risk. However, the risk of malignant transformation is still difficult to assess. The objective of the present study was to examine the expression patterns of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) and podoplanin in OL, and to determine their roles in predicting oral cancer development. In the present study, the expression patterns of ALDH1 and podoplanin were determined in samples from 79 patients with OL. The association between protein expression and clinicopathological parameters, including oral cancer‑free survival, was analyzed during a mean follow‑up period of 3.4 years. Expression of ALDH1 and podoplanin was observed in 61 and 67% patients, respectively. Kaplan‑Meier analysis demonstrated that the expression of the proteins was correlated with the risk of progression to oral cancer. Multivariate analysis revealed that expression of ALDH1 and podoplanin was associated with 3.02‑ and 2.62‑fold increased risk of malignant transformation, respectively. The malignant transformation risk of OL was considerably higher in cases with expression of both proteins. Point-prevalence analysis revealed that 66% of patients with co‑expression of ALDH1 and podoplanin developed oral cancer. Taken together, our data indicate that ALDH1 and podoplanin expression patterns in OL are associated with oral cancer development, suggesting that ALDH1 and podoplanin may be useful biomarkers to identify OL patients with a substantially high oral cancer risk.

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