Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Letters
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-1074 Online ISSN: 1792-1082
Journal Cover
May-2017 Volume 13 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
May-2017 Volume 13 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Snail homolog 1 is involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition-like processes in human glioblastoma cells

  • Authors:
    • Caspar D. Kühnöl
    • Carina Würfel
    • Martin S. Staege
    • Christof Kramm
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic and Polyclinic for Child and Adolescent Medicine I, Martin Luther University Halle‑Wittenberg, D‑06120 Halle, Germany
  • Pages: 3882-3888
    |
    Published online on: March 17, 2017
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2017.5875
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Despite advancements in neurosurgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy, the outcome of patients with glioblastoma remains poor. The migration of tumor cells from the primary tumor site with subsequent invasion of these cells into the surrounding normal brain tissue is frequently responsible for relapse and treatment failure. The present study hypothesized that snail homolog 1 (SNAI1), a factor critically involved in the epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) of human carcinoma cells, may also contribute to an invasive EMT‑like phenotype of glioblastoma cells. The majority of glioblastoma cell lines investigated in the present study expressed SNAI1 at basal levels. The present study overexpressed SNAI1 in glioblastoma cell lines by lentiviral transfer of human SNAI1 complementary DNA. In addition, the inhibition of SNAI1 expression was achieved by lentiviral transfer of a short hairpin RNA specific for SNAI1. SNAI1 overexpression increased proliferation of one of the cell lines, U251MG, but exhibited only a weak effect on the migration and invasion of glioblastoma cells. However, downregulation of SNAI1 significantly decreased the invasive capacity of all investigated cell lines. In parallel, regained expression of E‑cadherin, a marker that is usually lost during EMT, was observed subsequent to SNAI1 knockdown in the glioblastoma cell lines U87MG and U251MG. The data of the present study suggest that certain key genes of the EMT in carcinoma are also involved in the migration and invasion of human glioblastoma cells.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

View References

1 

Kleihues P, Louis DN, Scheithauer BW, Rorke LB, Reifenberger G, Burger PC and Cavenee WK: The WHO classification of tumours of the nervous system. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 61:215–225. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Ohgaki H and Kleihues P: Epidemiology and etiology of gliomas. Acta Neuropathol. 109:93–108. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Legler JM, Ries LA, Smith MA, Warren JL, Heineman EF, Kaplan RS and Linet MS: Cancer surveillance series (corrected): Brain and other central nervous system cancers: Recent trends in incidence and mortality. J Natl Cancer Inst. 91:1382–1390. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Schwartzbaum JA, Fisher JL, Aldape KD and Wrensch M: Epidemiology and molecular pathology of glioma. Nat Clin Pract Neurol. 2:494–503. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Kramm C, Rausche U, Butenhoff S, Kühnöl C, Kunze C, Kortmann R, Wolff J and van Gool S: Hochmaligne Gliome im Kindes-und Jugendalter. Monatschr Kinderheilkd. 156:1201–1207. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Stupp R and Weber DC: The role of radio- and chemotherapy in glioblastoma. Onkologie. 28:315–317. 2005.PubMed/NCBI

7 

Ohgaki H and Kleihues P: Population-based studies on incidence, survival rates and genetic alterations in astrocytic and oligodendroglial gliomas. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 64:479–489. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Larjavaara S, Mäntylä R, Salminen T, Haapasalo H, Raitanen J, Jääskeläinen J and Auvinen A: Incidence of gliomas by anatomic location. Neuro Oncol. 9:319–325. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Smith MT, Ludwig CL, Godfrey AD and Armbrustmacher VW: Grading of oligodendrogliomas. Cancer. 52:2107–2114. 1983. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Bailey P and Cushing H: Microchemical color reactions as an Aid to the Identification and classification of brain tumours. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 11:82–84. 1925. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Collins VP: Gene amplification in human gliomas. Glia. 15:289–296. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Dirks PB and Rutka JT: Current concepts in neuro-oncology: The cell cycle - a review. Neurosurgery. 40:1000–1015. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Ohgaki H, Dessen P, Jourde B, Horstmann S, Nishikawa T, Di Patre PL, Burkhard C, Schüler D, Probst-Hensch NM, Maiorka PC, et al: Genetic pathways to glioblastoma: A population-based study. Cancer Res. 64:6892–6899. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Schmidt MC, Antweiler S, Urban N, Mueller W, Kuklik A, Meyer-Puttlitz B, Wiestler OD, Louis DN, Fimmers R and von Deimling A: Impact of genotype and morphology on the prognosis of glioblastoma. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 61:321–328. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Nozaki M, Tada M, Kobayashi H, Zhang CL, Sawamura Y, Abe H, Ishii N and Van Meir EG: Roles of the functional loss of p53 and other genes in astrocytoma tumorigenesis and progression. Neuro Oncol. 1:124–137. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Rao JS: Molecular mechanisms of glioma invasiveness: The role of proteases. Nat Rev Cancer. 3:489–501. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Maria BL, Eskin TA and Quisling RG: Brainstem and other malignant gliomas: II. Possible mechanisms of brain infiltration by tumour cells. J Child Neurol. 8:292–305. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Micalizzi DS, Farabaugh SM and Ford HL: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cancer: Parallels between normal development and tumour progression. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 15:117–134. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Townsend TA, Wrana JL, Davis GE and Barnett JV: Transforming growth factor-beta-stimulated endocardial cell transformation is dependent on Par6c regulation of RhoA. J Biol Chem. 283:13834–13841. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Greenburg G and Hay ED: Epithelia suspended in collagen gels can lose polarity and express characteristics of migrating mesenchymal cells. J Cell Biol. 95:333–339. 1982. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Yang J and Weinberg RA: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition: At the crossroads of development and tumour metastasis. Dev Cell. 14:818–829. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Savanger P: Leaving the neighbourhood: Molecular mechanisms involved during epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Bioessays. 23:912–923. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Mendez MG, Kojima S and Goldman RD: Vimentin induces changes in cell shape, motility and adhesion during the epithelial to mesenchymal transition. FASEB J. 24:1838–1851. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Yilmaz M and Christofori G: EMT, the cytoskeleton, and cancer cell invasion. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 28:15–33. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Boyer B, Vallès AM and Edme N: Induction and regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Biochem Pharmacol. 60:1091–1099. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Chaffer CL, Thompson EW and Williams ED: Mesenchymal to epithelial transition in development and disease. Cells Tissues Organs. 185:7–19. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Ozdamar B, Bose R, Barrios-Rodiles M, Wang HR, Zhang Y and Wrana JL: Regulation of the polarity protein Par6 by TGFbeta receptors controls epithelial cell plasticity. Science. 307:1603–1609. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Ikenouchi J, Matsuda M, Furuse M and Tsukita S: Regulation of tight junctions during the epithelium-mesenchyme transition: Direct repression of the gene expression of claudins/occludin by Snail. J Cell Sci. 116:1959–1967. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Zavadil J and Böttinger EP: TGF-beta and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions. Oncogene. 24:5764–5774. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Huber MA, Kraut N and Beug H: Molecular requirements for epithelial-mesenchymal transition during tumour progression. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 17:548–558. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Savagner P, Yamada KM and Thiery JP: The zinc-finger protein slug causes desmosome dissociation, an initial and necessary step for growth factor-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Cell Biol. 137:1403–1419. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Yang J, Mani SA, Donaher JL, Ramaswamy S, Itzykson RA, Come C, Savagner P, Gitelman I, Richardson A and Weinberg RA: Twist, a master regulator of morphogenesis, plays an essential role in tumour metastasis. Cell. 117:927–939. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Kim K, Lu Z and Hay ED: Direct evidence for a role of beta-catenin/LEF-1 signaling pathway in induction of EMT. Cell Biol Int. 26:463–476. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Logullo AF, Nonogaki S, Pasini FS, Osório CA, Soares FA and Brentani MM: Concomitant expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition biomarkers in breast ductal carcinoma: Association with progression. Oncol Rep. 23:313–320. 2010.PubMed/NCBI

35 

Mikheeva SA, Mikheev AM, Petit A, Beyer R, Oxford RG, Khorasani L, Maxwell JP, Glackin CA, Wakimoto H, González-Herrero I, et al: TWIST1 promotes invasion through mesenchymal change in human glioblastoma. Mol Cancer. 9:1942010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Zhu QC, Gao RY, Wu W and Qin HL: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and its role in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 14:2689–2698. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Han SP, Kim JH, Han ME, Sim HE, Kim KS, Yoon S, Baek SY, Kim BS and Oh SO: SNAI1 is involved in the proliferation and migration of glioblastoma cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 31:489–496. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Nieto MA: The snail superfamily of zinc-finger transcription factors. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 3:155–166. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Barrallo-Gimeno A and Nieto MA: The Snail genes as inducers of cell movement and survival: implications in development and cancer. Development. 132:3151–3161. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Paznekas WA, Okajima K, Schertzer M, Wood S and Jabs EW: Genomic organization, expression and chromosome location of the human SNAIL gene (SNAI1) and a related processed pseudogene (SNAI1P). Genomics. 62:42–49. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Inukai T, Inoue A, Kurosawa H, Goi K, Shinjyo T, Ozawa K, Mao M, Inaba T and Look AT: SLUG, a ces-1-related zinc finger transcription factor gene with antiapoptotic activity, is a downstream target of the E2A-HLF oncoprotein. Mol Cell. 4:343–352. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Rosanò L, Cianfrocca R, Spinella F, Di Castro V, Nicotra MR, Lucidi A, Ferrandina G, Natali PG and Bagnato A: Acquisition of chemoresistance and EMT phenotype is linked with activation of the endothelin A receptor pathway in ovarian carcinoma cells. Clin Cancer Res. 17:2350–2360. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Thiery JP and Sleeman JP: Complex networks orchestrate epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 7:131–142. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Beckman G, Beckman L, Pontén J and Westermark B: G-6-PD and PGM phenotypes of 16 continuous human tumor cell lines. Evidence against cross-contamination and contamination by HeLa cells. Hum Hered. 21:238–241. 1971. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Stein GH: T98G: An anchorage-independent human tumor cell line that exhibits stationary phase G1 arrest in vitro. J Cell Physiol. 99:43–54. 1979. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Diserens AC, de Tribolet N, Martin-Achard A, Gaide AC, Schnegg JF and Carrel S: Characterization of an established human malignant glioma cell line: LN-18. Acta Neuropathol. 53:21–28. 1981. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Pontén J and Macintyre EH: Long term culture of normal and neoplastic human glia. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand. 74:465–486. 1968. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

48 

Neumann I, Foell JL, Bremer M, Volkmer I, Korholz D, Burdach S and Staege MS: Retinoic acid enhances sensitivity of neuroblastoma cells for imatinib mesylate. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 55:464–470. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

49 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(−Delta Delta C(T)) Method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

50 

Heerboth S, Housman G, Leary M, Longacre M, Byler S, Lapinska K, Willbanks A and Sarkar S: EMT and tumor metastasis. Clin Transl Med. 4:62015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

51 

Casas E, Kim J, Bendesky A, Ohno-Machado L, Wolfe CJ and Yang J: Snail2 is an essential mediator of Twist1-induced epithelial mesenchymal transition and metastasis. Cancer Res. 71:245–254. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

52 

Li Y, Wang W, Wang W, Yang R, Wang T, Su T, Weng D, Tao T, Li W, Ma D, et al: Correlation of TWIST2 up-regulation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition during tumorigenesis and progression of cervical carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol. 124:112–118. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

53 

Fang X, Cai Y, Liu J, Wang Z, Wu Q, Zhang Z, Yang CJ, Yuan L and Ouyang G: Twist2 contributes to breast cancer progression by promoting an epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem-like cell self-renewal. Oncogene. 30:4707–4720. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

54 

Elias MC, Tozer KR, Silber JR, Mikheeva S, Deng M, Morrison RS, Manning TC, Silbergeld DL, Glackin CA, Reh TA, et al: TWIST is expressed in human gliomas and promotes invasion. Neoplasia. 7:824–837. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

55 

Maier HJ, Schmidt-Strassburger U, Huber MA, Wiedemann EM, Beug H and Wirth T: NF-kappaB promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migration and invasion of pancreatic carcinoma cells. Cancer Lett. 295:214–228. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

56 

Luo GQ, Li JH, Wen JF, Zhou YH, Hu YB and Zhou JH: Effect and mechanism of the Twist gene on invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma cells. World J Gastroenterol. 14:2487–2493. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

57 

Wick W, Weller M, Weiler M, Batchelor T, Yung AW and Platten M: Pathway inhibition: Emerging molecular targets for treating glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol. 13:566–579. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

58 

Niclou SP, Fack F and Rajcevic U: Glioma proteomics: Status and perspectives. J Proteomics. 73:1823–1838. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

59 

Frosina G: Development of therapeutics for high grade gliomas using orthotopic rodent models. Curr Med Chem. 20:3272–3299. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Kühnöl CD, Würfel C, Staege MS and Kramm C: Snail homolog 1 is involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition-like processes in human glioblastoma cells. Oncol Lett 13: 3882-3888, 2017.
APA
Kühnöl, C.D., Würfel, C., Staege, M.S., & Kramm, C. (2017). Snail homolog 1 is involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition-like processes in human glioblastoma cells. Oncology Letters, 13, 3882-3888. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2017.5875
MLA
Kühnöl, C. D., Würfel, C., Staege, M. S., Kramm, C."Snail homolog 1 is involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition-like processes in human glioblastoma cells". Oncology Letters 13.5 (2017): 3882-3888.
Chicago
Kühnöl, C. D., Würfel, C., Staege, M. S., Kramm, C."Snail homolog 1 is involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition-like processes in human glioblastoma cells". Oncology Letters 13, no. 5 (2017): 3882-3888. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2017.5875
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Kühnöl CD, Würfel C, Staege MS and Kramm C: Snail homolog 1 is involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition-like processes in human glioblastoma cells. Oncol Lett 13: 3882-3888, 2017.
APA
Kühnöl, C.D., Würfel, C., Staege, M.S., & Kramm, C. (2017). Snail homolog 1 is involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition-like processes in human glioblastoma cells. Oncology Letters, 13, 3882-3888. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2017.5875
MLA
Kühnöl, C. D., Würfel, C., Staege, M. S., Kramm, C."Snail homolog 1 is involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition-like processes in human glioblastoma cells". Oncology Letters 13.5 (2017): 3882-3888.
Chicago
Kühnöl, C. D., Würfel, C., Staege, M. S., Kramm, C."Snail homolog 1 is involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition-like processes in human glioblastoma cells". Oncology Letters 13, no. 5 (2017): 3882-3888. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2017.5875
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team