Differences between epithelial and mesenchymal human tongue cancer cell lines in experimental metastasis

Cai,Wei‑Xin; Yu,Ru  Qing; Ma,Li; Huang,Hong  Zhang; Zheng,Li  Wu; Zwahlen,Roger

doi:10.3892/ol.2018.8591

Differences between epithelial and mesenchymal human tongue cancer cell lines in experimental metastasis

Authors:
- Wei‑Xin Cai
- Ru Qing Yu
- Li Ma
- Hong Zhang Huang
- Li Wu Zheng
- Roger Zwahlen
View Affiliations

Affiliations: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China, Department of Oral Diagnosis and Polyclinics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
Published online on: April 26, 2018 https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.8591
Pages: 9959-9964

Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

Abstract

Distant metastasis represents the outcome with the worst prognosis for various types of malignant tumors, but little is known regarding the impact of interacting epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypic cancer cells within its etiopathogenesis. In a novel animal model, 48 male athymic Balb/c nude mice underwent subcutaneous and intravenous injection of human tongue cancer cell lines of green fluorescent mesenchymal and red fluorescent epithelial phenotypes, in order to visualize and monitor eventual phenotypic interaction in lung metastasis as well as experimental metastasis in in vivo, ex vivo and histopathological analyses. While the epithelial, but not the mesenchymal, phenotypic human tongue cancer cell line led to direct metastasis in the lungs when injected intravenously, neither of them, even when injected in combination, were able to establish distant metastasis. The results of the present study provide evidence regarding the role of epithelial phenotypic cancer cells in the release of experimental metastasis following tail vein injection in male athymic Balb/c nude mice, in addition to proving fluorescent human tongue cancer cells may be reliably detected under a fluorescence microscope even 8 weeks after the two injection types.

View Figures

View References

1	Kadakia S, Chan D, Mourad M and Ducic Y: The prognostic value of age, sex, and subsite in cutaneous head and neck melanoma: A clinical review of recent literature. Iran J Cancer Prev. 9:e50792016.PubMed/NCBI
2	Cheng J and Yan S: Prognostic variables in high-risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: A review. J Cutan Pathol. 43:994–1004. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
3	Polireddy K and Chen Q: Cancer of the pancreas: Molecular pathways and current advancement in treatment. J Cancer. 7:1497–1514. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
4	Irani S: Distant metastasis from oral cancer: A review and molecular biologic aspects. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 6:265–271. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
5	Wang B, Zhang S, Yue K and Wang XD: The recurrence and survival of oral squamous cell carcinoma: A report of 275 cases. Chin J Cancer. 32:614–618. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
6	Massano J, Regateiro FS, Januario G and Ferreira A: Oral squamous cell carcinoma: Review of prognostic and predictive factors. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 102:67–76. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
7	Chambers AF, Groom AC and MacDonald IC: Dissemination and growth of cancer cells in metastatic sites. Nat Rev Cancer. 2:563–572. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
8	Mareel M and Leroy A: Clinical, cellular, and molecular aspects of cancer invasion. Physiol Rev. 83:337–376. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
9	Tsuji T, Ibaragi S and Hu GF: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cell cooperativity in metastasis. Cancer Res. 69:7135–7139. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
10	Tsuji T, Ibaragi S, Shima K, Hu MG, Katsurano M, Sasaki A and Hu GF: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition induced by growth suppressor p12CDK2-AP1 promotes tumor cell local invasion but suppresses distant colony growth. Cancer Res. 68:10377–10386. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
11	de Jong M and Maina T: Of mice and humans: Are they the same?-Implications in cancer translational research. J Nucl Med. 51:501–504. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
12	Cai WX, Zheng LW, Huang HZ and Zwahlen RA: Evidence of phenotypic stability after transduction of fluorescent proteins in two human tongue cancer cell lines. Arch Oral Biol. 79:48–54. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
13	Cai WX, Zheng LW, Ma L, Huang HZ, Yu RQ and Zwahlen RA: Tumorigenicity and validity of fluorescence labelled mesenchymal and epithelial human oral cancer cell lines in nude mice. Biomed Res Int. 2016:48979862016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
14	Nakayama S, Sasaki A, Mese H, Alcalde RE and Matsumura T: Establishment of high and low metastasis cell lines derived from a human tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Invasion Metastasis. 18:219–228. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar
15	Teicher BA: Human tumor xenografts and mouse models of human tumors: Re-discovering the models. Expert Opin Drug Discov. 4:1295–1305. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
16	Takes RP, Rinaldo A, Silver CE, Haigentz M Jr, Woolgar JA, Triantafyllou A, Mondin V, Paccagnella D, de Bree R, Shaha AR, et al: Distant metastases from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Part I. Basic aspects. Oral Oncol. 48:775–779. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
17	Shultz LD, Goodwin N, Ishikawa F, Hosur V, Lyons BL and Greiner DL: Human cancer growth and therapy in immunodeficient mouse models. Cold Spring Harb Protoc. 2014:694–708. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
18	Steinbauer M, Guba M, Cernaianu G, Köhl G, Cetto M, Kunz-Schughart LA, Geissler EK, Falk W and Jauch KW: GFP-transfected tumor cells are useful in examining early metastasis in vivo, but immune reaction precludes long-term tumor development studies in immunocompetent mice. Clin Exp Metastasis. 20:135–141. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
19	Gomez-Cuadrado L, Tracey N, Ma R, Qian B and Brunton VG: Mouse models of metastasis: Progress and prospects. Dis Model Mech. 10:1061–1074. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
20	Bonnomet A, Brysse A, Tachsidis A, Waltham M, Thompson EW, Polette M and Gilles C: Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions and circulating tumor cells. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 15:261–273. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
21	Wu CY, Tsai YP, Wu MZ, Teng SC and Wu KJ: Epigenetic reprogramming and post-transcriptional regulation during the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Trends Genet. 28:454–463. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
22	Lyons JG, Lobo E, Martorana AM and Myerscough MR: Clonal diversity in carcinomas: Its implications for tumour progression and the contribution made to it by epithelial-mesenchymal transitions. Clin Exp Metastasis. 25:665–677. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
23	Thiery JP, Acloque H, Huang RY and Nieto MA: Epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in development and disease. Cell. 139:871–890. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
24	Hoffman RM: Green fluorescent protein imaging of tumour growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis in mouse models. Lancet Oncol. 3:546–556. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI